In many applications it's wise to let Perl use Unicode for the strings it
processes. Most of the interfaces Perl has to the outside world is still
byte based. Programs therefore needs to decode byte strings that enter the
program from the outside and encode them again on the way out.

The POSIX locale system is used to specify both the language conventions
requested by the user and the preferred character set to consume and
output. The 'Encode::Locale' module looks up the charset and encoding
(called a CODESET in the locale jargon) and arrange for the the Encode
manpage module to know this encoding under the name "locale". It means
bytes obtained from the environment can be converted to Unicode strings by
calling 'Encode::encode(locale => $bytes)' and converted back again with
'Encode::decode(locale => $string)'.

Where file systems interfaces pass file names in and out of the program we
also need care. The trend is for operating systems to use a fixed file
encoding that don't actually depend on the locale; and this module
determines the most appropriate encoding for file names. The the Encode
manpage module will know this encoding under the name "locale_fs". For
traditional Unix systems this will be an alias to the same encoding as
"locale".

For programs running in a terminal window (called a "Console" on some
systems) the "locale" encoding is usually a good choice for what to expect
as input and output. Some systems allows us to query the encoding set for
the terminal and 'Encode::Locale' will do that if available and make these
encodings known under the 'Encode' aliases "console_in" and "console_out".
For systems where we can't determine the terminal encoding these will be
aliased as the same encoding as "locale". The advice is to use "console_in"
for input known to come from the terminal and "console_out" for output
known to go from the terminal.