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[qemu-arm package document]

SLES 15 SP4 QEMU/KVM RELATED SUPPORT STATEMENTS
===============================================

Overview
--------

The QEMU based packages included with SLES 15 SP4 provide a large variety of
  features, from the very latest customer requests to features of questionable
  quality or value. The linux kernel includes components which contribute KVM
  virtualization features as well. This document was created to assist the user
  in deciding which features can be relied upon to build enterprise class
  virtualization solutions. KVM based virtualization for x86 (Intel 64/AMD64),
  for IBM System z (s390x), and for the ARM64 architecture (AArch64) are offered
  at the L3 (full support) level. The bulk of this document deals with L3
  supported features and is primarily ARM64 centric. This document should be
  considered a companion to the standard virtualization documentation delivered
  with the product.

KVM is implemented in linux kernel modules which enable the linux kernel to
  function as an integral part of the KVM hypervisor. The hypervisor-guest
  interaction is managed by QEMU through the /dev/kvm ioctl interface. The linux
  host assists in the virtualization of storage, networking and display
  resources as well as allowing direct hardware passthrough of PCI and USB
  devices. Linux memory and cpu management features are used by QEMU/KVM to
  enable guests to share those host resources as efficiently as possible.

QEMU is a primary component of KVM based virtualization. The QEMU emulator
  binary qemu-system-aarch64 is the program to use to access KVM virtualization.
  When using this program, the -machine option accel=kvm (or its alias
  -enable-kvm) or --accel kvm option must be specified for KVM acceleration to
  be used by the guest.

Libvirt is the preferred means of accessing QEMU/KVM functionality and is
  documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
  of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.

Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
---------------------------------

- KVM virtualization is accomplished by using the QEMU program in KVM
  acceleration mode. KVM acceleration requires that both guest and host have
  the same fundamental architecture.

- Guest images created under previous QEMU versions are supported by machine
  version compatibilities built into more recent QEMU versions.

- For ease of use, the QEMU program has defaults which represent traditional
  usage patterns.

- Guest virtual machine characteristics are specified by a combination of
  internal defaults, options provided on the QEMU program command-line, runtime
  configurations set via the monitor interfaces and optional config files. The
  runtime control of a VM is effected either through the Human Monitor
  "Protocol" (HMP), or the JSON based programmatical QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP)
  interface. For QMP details, see qemu-qmp-ref man page.
  Since a KVM guest runs in the context of a normal linux process, some types
  of execution controls are managed with linux tools.

- QEMU is compatible with EDK II based UEFI firmware available with SLES 15 SP4,
  which allow boot options common to physical systems, along with other features
  tailored to virtualization. Various VGABIOS ROMs, from the SEABIOS project,
  are also available.

- Some QEMU messages have been localized to various languages. This is provided
  by the optional qemu-lang package. Keyboard mappings for various nationalities
  is also provided.

- Virtual machine lifecycle controls include startup through the UEFI BIOS or
  kernel boot, ACPI based shutdown, execution pausing, the saving and restoring
  of machine state or disk state, VM migration to another host, and
  miscellaneous controls available through the "monitors" mentioned above.

- Guest execution state may be "moved" in both time (save/restore) and space
  (static and live migration). These migrations or save/restore operations can
  take place either from certain prior SLES versioned hosts to a SLES 15 SP4
  host or between hosts of the same version. Certain other restrictions also
  apply.

- Security considerations include privileged helpers and a security model which
  allows running guests as a non-root user.

- QEMU provides best effort reuse of existing disk images, including those with
  systems installed, through geometry probing. Also disk images produced by
  other popular virtualization technologies may be imported into QEMU supported
  storage formats. These QEMU formats include features which exploit the
  benefits of virtualization.

- Memory, cpu and disk space overcommit are possible and can be beneficial when
  done responsibly. Additional management of these resources comes in the form
  of memory ballooning or hotplug, host KSM, vcpu hot-add, online disk resizing,
  trim, discard and hole punching.

- Guest performance is enhanced through the use of virtio devices, various disk
  caching modes, network acceleration via the vhost-net kernel module, multi-
  queue network transmit capabilities, host transparent huge pages (THP) and
  direct hugetlb usage. Physical PCI and USB devices may also be passed through
  to the guest, including SR-IOV VF's.

- The guest UI is accessable via GTK, VNC, Spice, and serial (including curses
  TUI) interfaces.

- Guest timekeeping is supported in a variety of ways, including a paravirtual
  clocksource, and options for the various guest clocks for how to handle the
  timeslicing of the guest's execution on the host.

- In addition to the para-virtualized devices already mentioned, other devices
  and infrastructure designed to avoid virtualization "problem areas" are
  available such as SPICE graphics, vmmouse emulation, tablet style pointer
  interfaces and virtio based UI interfaces.

- A built-in user-mode network (SLIRP) stack is available.

- Portions of the host file system may be shared with a guest by using virtFS.

- A guest "agent" is available for SLES 15 SP4 KVM guests via the
  qemu-guest-agent package. This allows some introspection and control of the
  guest OS environment from the host.

QEMU/KVM Technology Previews
----------------------------

- All features indicated as not being supported in this document fall under the
  Technology Preview definition contained in the main product's release notes.

Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
----------------------------------------

- Note that some features are unsupported simply due to lack of validation. If
  an existing feature is desired, but not marked supported, let SUSE know about
  your requirements.

- The TCG "acceleration" mode may be helpful for problem isolation, but
  otherwise presents insufficient benefit and stability.

- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.

- 32 bit ARM KVM has never been supported by SUSE, but it's worth noting that
  this capability will cease to even be possible in a near-future QEMU/KVM
  (kernel) combination.

Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
-----------------------------------------------------

- https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/about/deprecated.html and
  https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/about/removed-features.html
  These websites track features deprecation and removal at the upstream
  development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
  aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
  information can be found in this section. Feature deprecation as well as
  removed features are also tracked in the "System Emulation" section of the
  documentation installed with the qemu package.

- qemu-img: Deprecate use of -b without -F. Creating an image that requires
  format probing of the backing image is potentially unsafe and is now
  deprecated.

- Aspeed swift-bmc machine is deprecated. It can be easily replaced by the
  witherspoon-bmc or the romulus-bmc machines.

- The previously non-persistent backing file with pmem=on is deprecated. Modify
  VM configuration to set pmem=off to continue using fake NVDIMM with backing
  file or move backing file to NVDIMM storage and keep pmem=on.

- The use of "?" as a parameter to "-cpu", "-soundhw", "-device", "-M",
  "-machine" and "-d" is now considered deprecated. Use "help"
  instead.

- The use of "if=scsi" as a parameter to "-drive" does not work anymore with PC
  machine types, as it created an obsolete SCSI controller model.

- Use of aio=native without direct cache mode also being specified (cache=none,
  cache=directsync, or cache.direct=on) is no longer allowed.

- The use of image encryption in qcow and qcow2 formats is now considered
  deprecated.
  Analysis has shown it to be weak encryption, in addition to suffering from
  poor design. Images can easily be converted to a non-encrypted format.

- Use of acpi, boot-opts, and smp-opts in a -readconfig config file are now
  considered deprecated. In the future those names will be standardized to
  acpitable, boot, and smp respectively.

- These previously supported command line options are now considered deprecated:
  -display sdl,window_close= (use -display sdl,window-close)
  -no-quit (use -display ...,window-close=off)
  -chardev tty (use serial name instead)
  -chardev paraport (use parallel name instead)
  -device virtio-blk,scsi= (use virtio-scsi instead)
  -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi= (use virtio-scsi instead)
  -enable-fips (not really helpful - see https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=commit;h=166310299a1e7824bbff17e1f016659d18b4a559 for details)
  -realtime mlock= (use -overcommit mem-lock= instead)
  -spice password=string (use password-string option instead)
  -writeconfig (no replacement - never really worked right)
  -share and noshare must be replaced by share=on/share=off
  -nodelay must be replaced by nodelay=on rather than delay=off
  -object-add options opened=on and loaded=on (both had no effect)

- These previously supported command line options are no longer supported:
  -device ide-drive (use ide-hd or ide-cd instead)
  -device scsi-disk (use scsi-hd or scsi-cd instead)

- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
  -balloon (use -device virtio-balloon instead)
  -clock
  -device ivshmem (use ivshmem-doorbell or ivshmem-plain instead)
  -device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
  -device pci-assign, -device kvm-pci-assign (use -device vfio-pci instead)
  -display sdl
  -no-frame
  -nodefconfig (use -no-user-config instead)
  -realtime ...
  -sdl
  -show-cursor
  -virtioconsole (use -device virtconsole instead)

- The previously unsupported machine type xlnx-ep108 is no longer recognized
  (used xlnx-zcu102 unstead)

- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
  will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
  "+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
  so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
  "feature=off" respectively.

- The previously supported blkdev-add QMP command has been flagged as lacking
  and could possibly change syntax in the future.

- This previously unsupported command line option is now deprecated:
  -soundhw (use -device ... instead)

- These previously unsupported command line options are no longer recognized:
  -bt
  -device at24c-eeprom
  -device mmio_interface
  -device ssi-sd
  -device tpm-tis-device
  -device u2f-passthru
  -device vhost-user-vsock-pci-transitional
  -device vhost-vsock-pci-transitional
  -device virtio-iommu-pci-transitional
  -enable-hax
  -tb-size
  -tdf
  -xen-create

- These previously supported QMP commands are now deprecated:
  <previously mentioned items have been moved to another category>

- These previously supported QMP commands are no longer recognized:
  info cpustats
  block_passwd
  change (use blockdev-change-medium or change-vnc-password instead)
  cpu-add (use device_add instead)
  migrate-set-cache-size (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  migrate_set_downtime (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  migrate_set_speed (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  query-cpus (use query-cpus-fast instead)
  query-events
  query-migrate-cache-size (use query-migrate-parameters instead)

- These previously supported monitor commands are now deprecated:
  change

- These previously supported monitor commands are no longer recognized:
  info cpustats
  block_passwd ...
  cpu-add (use device_add instead)
  migrate_set_cache_size
  migrate_set_downtime
  migrate_set_speed
  pci_add (use device_add instead)
  pci_del (use device_del instead)
  usb_add (use device_add instead)
  usb_del (use device_del instead)

- These previously unsupported monitor command are now deprecated:
  <previously mentioned items have been moved to another category>

- These previously unsupported monitor commands are no longer recognized:
  acl_add ...
  acl_policy ...
  acl_remove ...
  acl_reset ...
  acl_show ...
  host_net_add
  host_net_remove

- These previously unsupported QMP commands are now supported under a new name:
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-disable (use block-dirty-bitmap-disable instead)
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-enable (use block-dirty-bitmap-enable instead)
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-merge (use block-dirty-bitmap-merge instead)
  x-block-latency-histogram-set (use block-latency-histogram-set instead)
  x-blockdev-create (use blockdev-create instead)

- This previously unsupported QMP commands is no longer recognized:
  x-nbd-server-add-bitmap

- Due to upstream's decision to no longer fully support the qed storage format
  going forward (since it really provides no benefit over qcow2 and is now no
  longer actively maintained upstream), creating qed storage images is no longer
  supported and it is highly discouraged to continue using existing qed images.
  They should instead be converted to another supported format.

QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
------------------------------------------------

- The QEMU program command-line syntax is as follows:
  qemu-system-aarch64 [options]

Where 'options' are taken from the options listed below.
  The images used with -drive or -cdrom, may be in the raw (no format) or qcow2
  storage formats, and may be located in files within the host filesystem,
  logical volumes, host physical disks, or network based storage. Read only
  media may also be accessed via URL style protocol specifiers.

Note that as a general rule, as new command line options are added which serve
  to replace an older option or interface, you are strongly encouraged to adapt
  your usage to the new option. The new option is being introduced to provide
  better functionality and usability going forward. In some cases existing
  problems or even bugs in older interfaces cannot be fixed due to functional
  expectations, but are resolved in the newer interface or option.
  This advice includes moving to the most recent machine type (eg virt-6.1
  instead of virt-6.0) if possible.

- The following command line options are supported:
  -accel ...
  -action ...
  -add-fd ...
  -alt-grab
  -append ...
  -audio-help
  -audiodev
  -bios ...
  -blockdev ...
  -boot ...
  -cdrom ...
  -chardev ...
  -compat ...
  -cpu host
  -ctrl-grab
  -d ...
  -daemonize
  -debugcon ...
  -device

-dfilter range, ...
  -display ...
  -drive

... (if specified if=[virtio] and format=[qcow2|raw] and
             snapshot=off only)

-netdev [bridge|tap|user] ...
  -nic ...
  -no-acpi
  -nodefaults
  -nographic
  -no-quit
  -no-reboot
  -no-shutdown
  -no-user-config
  -object ...
  -only-migratable
  -parallel ...
  -pidfile ...
  -plugin ...
  -qmp ...
  -qmp-pretty ...
  -readconfig ...
  -rtc ...
  -runas ...
  -s
  -S
  -sandbox ...
  -seed ...
  -serial ...
  -smbios ...
  -smp ...
  -spice
  -tpmdev passthrough ...
  -trace ...
  -usb
  -usbdevice [braile|disk|host|mouse|net|serial|tablet]
  -uuid ...
  -version
  -vga [none|qxl|std|virtio]
  -virtfs ...
  -vnc ...
  -watchdog ...
  -watchdog-action ...
  -writeconfig ...

- The following monitor commands are supported:
  ?
  announce_self ...
  balloon ...
  block_resize ...
  boot_set ...
  c
  change ...
  chardev-add ...
  chardev-change ...
  chardev-remove ...
  chardev-send-break ...
  client_migrate_info ...
  closefd ...
  cont
  cpu ...
  delvm ...
  device_add ...
  device_del ...
  drive_add ...
  drive_backup ...
  drive_del ...
  dump_guest_memory ...
  eject ...
  gdbserver ...
  gpa2hpa ...
  gpa2hva ...
  gva2gpa ...
  help
  i ...
  info ...
  loadvm ...
  logfile ...
  logitem ...
  mce ...
  memsave ...
  migrate ...
  migrate_cancel
  migrate_continue ...
  migrate_incoming
  migrate_pause
  migrate_recover ...
  migrate_set_capability ...
  migrate_set_parameter ...
  migrate_start_post_copy
  mouse_button ...
  mouse_move ...
  mouse_set ...
  nmi ...
  o ...
  object_add ...
  object_del ...
  p ...
  pmemsave ...
  print ...
  q
  qemu-io ...
  qom-list
  qom-set
  ringbuf_read ...
  ringbuf_write ...
  savevm ...
  screendump ...
  sendkey ...
  snapshot_blkdev_internal ...
  snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal ...
  stop
  sum ...
  system_powerdown
  system_reset
  system_wakeup
  trace-event ...
  watchdog_action ...
  x ...
  xp ...

- The following QMP commands are supported:
  add_client
  add-fd
  announce-self
  balloon
  blockdev-add
  blockdev-backup
  blockdev-change-medium
  blockdev-close-tray
  blockdev-create
  blockdev-del
  blockdev-mirror
  blockdev-open-tray
  blockdev-snapshot
  blockdev-snapshot-delete-internal-sync
  blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync
  blockdev-snapshot-sync
  block-commit
  block-dirty-bitmap-add
  block-dirty-bitmap-clear
  block-dirty-bitmap-disable
  block-dirty-bitmap-enable
  block-dirty-bitmap-merge
  block-dirty-bitmap-remove
  block-export-add
  block-export-del
  block-latency-histogram-set
  block_resize
  block_set_io_throttle
  block-set-write-threshold
  block_stream
  calc-dirty-rate
  change-vnc-password
  chardev-add
  chardev-change
  chardev-remove
  chardev-send-break
  client_migrate_info
  closefd
  cont
  cpu
  device_add
  device_del
  device-list-properties
  display-reload
  dump-guest-memory
  eject
  expire_password
  getfd
  human-monitor-command
  inject-nmi
  input-send-event
  job-cancel
  job-complete
  job-dismiss
  job-finalize
  job-pause
  job-resume
  memsave
  migrate
  migrate_cancel
  migrate-continue
  migrate-incoming
  migrate-pause
  migrate-resume
  migrate-set-capabilities
  migrate-set-parameters
  migrate-start-postcopy
  object-add
  object-del
  pmemsave
  qmp_capabilities
  qom-get
  qom-list
  qom-list-types
  qom-set
  query-acpi-ospm-status
  query-balloon
  query-block
  query-block-exports
  query-block-jobs
  query-blockstats
  query-chardev
  query-chardev-backends
  query-command-line-options
  query-commands
  query-cpu-definitions
  query-cpu-model-expansion
  query-cpus-fast
  query-current-machine
  query-display-options
  query-dirty-rate
  query-dump
  query-dump-guest-memory-capability
  query-fdsets
  query-gic-capabilities
  query-hotpluggable-cpus
  query-iothreads
  query-jobs
  query-kvm
  query-machines
  query-memdev
  query-memory-devices
  query-memory-size-summary
  query-mice
  query-migrate
  query-migrate-capabilities
  query-migrate-parameters
  query-name
  query-named-block-nodes
  query-pci
  query-pr-managers
  query-qmp-schema
  query-rocker
  query-rocker-of-dpa-flows
  query-rocker-of-dpa-groups
  query-rocker-ports
  query-rx-filter
  query-spice
  query-status
  query-target
  query-tpm
  query-tpm-models
  query-tpm-types
  query-uuid
  query-version
  query-vnc
  query-vnc-servers
  query-yank
  query-xen-replication-status
  quit
  remove-fd
  ringbuf-read
  ringbuf-write
  screendump
  send-key
  set-action
  set_link
  set_password
  snapshot-delete
  snapshot-load
  snapshot-save
  stop
  system_powerdown
  system_reset
  system_wakeup
  trace-event-get-state
  trace-event-set-state
  transaction
  watchdog-set-action
  yank

-  The following command line options are unsupported:

-acpitable ...
  -chroot ...
  -cpu ... (all except host)
  -curses
  -device

-drive

,if=[scsi|mtd|pflash], snapshot=on, format=[anything besides qcow2 or
         raw]

-dtb file
  -enable-sync-profile
  -fda/-fdb ...
  -g ...
  -hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
  -icount ...
  -L ...
  -M

-machine

-mtdblock file
  -net [socket|vde] ...
  -netdev [hubport|l2tpv3|socket|vde] ...
  -no-fd-bootchk
  -no-hpet
  -no-kvm
  -no-kvm-irqchip
  -no-kvm-pit
  -no-kvm-pit-reinjection
  -numa cpu ...
  -numa dist ...
  -numa node ...
  -option-rom ...
  -overcommit ...
  -pflash file
  -portrait
  -preconfig
  -prom-env ...
  -qtest ...
  -qtest-log ...
  -rotate
  -sd file
  -sdl
  -set ...
  -singlestep
  -snapshot
  -soundhw ...
  -tpmdev emulator ...
  -vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|cirrus|xenfb]
  -win2k-hack
  -xen-attach ...
  -xen-domid ...
  -xen-domid-restrict ...

- The following monitor commands are unsupported:
  block_job_cancel ...
  block_job_complete ...
  block_job_pause ...
  block_job_resume ...
  block_job_set_speed ...
  commit ...
  drive_mirror ...
  exit_preconfig
  expire_password ...
  hostfwd_add ...
  hostfwd_remove ...
  nbd_server_add ...
  nbd server_start ...
  nbd_server_stop ...
  netdev_add
  netdev_del ...
  pcie_aer_inject_error ...
  replay_break ...
  replay_delete_break
  replay_seek ...
  set_link ...
  set_password ...
  singlestep ...
  snapshot_blkdev ...
  stopcapture ...
  sync-profile ...
  wavcapture ...
  x_colo_lost_heartbeat

- The following QMP commands are unsupported:
  block-job-cancel
  block-job-complete
  block-job-pause
  block-job-resume
  block-job-set-speed
  change-backing-file
  drive-backup
  drive-mirror
  netdev_add
  netdev_del
  nbd-server-add
  nbd-server-start
  nbd-server-stop
  query-colo-status
  replay_break
  replay_delete_break
  replay_seek
  x-blockdev-amend
  x-blockdev-change
  x-blockdev-insert-medium
  x-blockdev-remove-medium
  x-blockdev-reopen
  x-colo-lost-heartbeat
  x-debug-block-dirty-bitmap-sha256
  x-debug-query-block-graph
  x-exit-preconfig
  xen-colo-do-checkpoint
  xen-load-devices-state
  xen-save-devices-state
  xen-set-global-dirty-log
  xen-set-replication

Places

File supported.arm.txt of Package qemu (Revision 3b2da5be9b844e959fa4f8765fd26ca3)

Places