File python-patsy-no-python2.patch of Package python-patsy

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File python-patsy-no-python2.patch of Package python-patsy (Revision 288fca954e1d4190468934d49d630c52)

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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 99e9b20..f2ed7bb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ building design matrices. Patsy brings the convenience of [R](http://www.r-proje
 
 ## Dependencies
 
-  * Python (2.6, 2.7, or 3.3+)
-  * six
+  * Python (3.3+)
   * numpy
   * Optional:
     * pytest/pytest-cov: needed to run tests
diff --git a/doc/conf.py b/doc/conf.py
index 6e203bc..c9fffff 100644
--- a/doc/conf.py
+++ b/doc/conf.py
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'patsy'
-copyright = u'2011-2015, Nathaniel J. Smith'
+project = 'patsy'
+copyright = '2011-2015, Nathaniel J. Smith'
 
 import sys
-print "python exec:", sys.executable
-print "sys.path:", sys.path
+print("python exec:", sys.executable)
+print("sys.path:", sys.path)
 try:
     import numpy
-    print "numpy: %s, %s" % (numpy.__version__, numpy.__file__)
+    print("numpy: %s, %s" % (numpy.__version__, numpy.__file__))
 except ImportError:
-    print "no numpy"
+    print("no numpy")
 try:
     import matplotlib
-    print "matplotlib: %s, %s" % (matplotlib.__version__, matplotlib.__file__)
+    print("matplotlib: %s, %s" % (matplotlib.__version__, matplotlib.__file__))
 except ImportError:
-    print "no matplotlib"
+    print("no matplotlib")
 try:
     import IPython
-    print "ipython: %s, %s" % (IPython.__version__, IPython.__file__)
+    print("ipython: %s, %s" % (IPython.__version__, IPython.__file__))
 except ImportError:
-    print "no ipython"
+    print("no ipython")
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
diff --git a/doc/overview.rst b/doc/overview.rst
index 29ed36a..4316c16 100644
--- a/doc/overview.rst
+++ b/doc/overview.rst
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ Requirements
 
 Installing :mod:`patsy` requires:
 
-* `Python <http://python.org/>`_ (version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.3+)
-* `Six <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/six>`_
+* `Python <http://python.org/>`_ (version 3.3+)
 * `NumPy <http://numpy.scipy.org/>`_
 
 Installation
diff --git a/doc/py2-versus-py3.rst b/doc/py2-versus-py3.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c38528a..0000000
--- a/doc/py2-versus-py3.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-.. _py2-versus-py3:
-
-Python 2 versus Python 3
-========================
-
-.. currentmodule:: patsy
-
-The biggest difference between Python 2 and Python 3 is in their
-string handling, and this is particularly relevant to Patsy since
-it parses user input. We follow a simple rule: input to Patsy
-should always be of type ``str``. That means that on Python 2, you
-should pass byte-strings (not unicode), and on Python 3, you should
-pass unicode strings (not byte-strings). Similarly, when Patsy
-passes text back (e.g. :attr:`DesignInfo.column_names`), it's always
-in the form of a ``str``.
-
-In addition to this being the most convenient for users (you never
-need to use any b"weird" u"prefixes" when writing a formula string),
-it's actually a necessary consequence of a deeper change in the Python
-language: in Python 2, Python code itself is represented as
-byte-strings, and that's the only form of input accepted by the
-:mod:`tokenize` module. On the other hand, Python 3's tokenizer and
-parser use unicode, and since Patsy processes Python code, it has
-to follow suit.
-
-There is one exception to this rule: on Python 2, as a convenience for
-those using ``from __future__ import unicode_literals``, the
-high-level API functions :func:`dmatrix`, :func:`dmatrices`,
-:func:`incr_dbuilders`, and :func:`incr_dbuilder` do accept
-``unicode`` strings -- BUT these unicode string objects are still
-required to contain only ASCII characters; if they contain any
-non-ASCII characters then an error will be raised. If you really need
-non-ASCII in your formulas, then you should consider upgrading to
-Python 3. Low-level APIs like :meth:`ModelDesc.from_formula` continue
-to insist on ``str`` objects only.
diff --git a/patsy/__init__.py b/patsy/__init__.py
index dc8fb0c..1617052 100644
--- a/patsy/__init__.py
+++ b/patsy/__init__.py
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 design matrices. It is closely inspired by the 'formula' mini-language used in
 R and S."""
 
-import sys
-
 from patsy.version import __version__
 
 # Do this first, to make it easy to check for warnings while testing:
diff --git a/patsy/build.py b/patsy/build.py
index 71806dc..6f9067e 100644
--- a/patsy/build.py
+++ b/patsy/build.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 __all__ = ["design_matrix_builders", "build_design_matrices"]
 
 import itertools
-import six
 
 import numpy as np
 from patsy import PatsyError
@@ -357,7 +356,7 @@ def _factors_memorize(factors, data_iter_maker, eval_env):
     # Now, cycle through the data until all the factors have finished
     # memorizing everything:
     memorize_needed = set()
-    for factor, passes in six.iteritems(passes_needed):
+    for factor, passes in passes_needed.items():
         if passes > 0:
             memorize_needed.add(factor)
     which_pass = 0
@@ -459,7 +458,7 @@ def _examine_factor_types(factors, factor_states, data_iter_maker, NA_action):
             break
     # Pull out the levels
     cat_levels_contrasts = {}
-    for factor, sniffer in six.iteritems(cat_sniffers):
+    for factor, sniffer in cat_sniffers.items():
         cat_levels_contrasts[factor] = sniffer.levels_contrast()
     return (num_column_counts, cat_levels_contrasts)
 
@@ -726,7 +725,7 @@ def design_matrix_builders(termlists, data_iter_maker, eval_env,
             for factor in term.factors:
                 this_design_factor_infos[factor] = factor_infos[factor]
         column_names = []
-        for subterms in six.itervalues(term_to_subterm_infos):
+        for subterms in term_to_subterm_infos.values():
             for subterm in subterms:
                 for column_name in _subterm_column_names_iter(
                         factor_infos, subterm):
@@ -740,7 +739,7 @@ def _build_design_matrix(design_info, factor_info_to_values, dtype):
     factor_to_values = {}
     need_reshape = False
     num_rows = None
-    for factor_info, value in six.iteritems(factor_info_to_values):
+    for factor_info, value in factor_info_to_values.items():
         # It's possible that the same factor appears in multiple different
         # FactorInfo objects (e.g. if someone is simultaneously building two
         # DesignInfo objects that started out as part of different
@@ -761,7 +760,7 @@ def _build_design_matrix(design_info, factor_info_to_values, dtype):
     shape = (num_rows, len(design_info.column_names))
     m = DesignMatrix(np.empty(shape, dtype=dtype), design_info)
     start_column = 0
-    for term, subterms in six.iteritems(design_info.term_codings):
+    for term, subterms in design_info.term_codings.items():
         for subterm in subterms:
             end_column = start_column + subterm.num_columns
             m_slice = m[:, start_column:end_column]
@@ -883,7 +882,7 @@ def build_design_matrices(design_infos, data,
         # We look at evaluators rather than factors here, because it might
         # happen that we have the same factor twice, but with different
         # memorized state.
-        for factor_info in six.itervalues(design_info.factor_infos):
+        for factor_info in design_info.factor_infos.values():
             if factor_info not in factor_info_to_values:
                 value, is_NA = _eval_factor(factor_info, data, NA_action)
                 factor_info_to_isNAs[factor_info] = is_NA
diff --git a/patsy/categorical.py b/patsy/categorical.py
index af7ea5a..b552f42 100644
--- a/patsy/categorical.py
+++ b/patsy/categorical.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 # handle the different stages of categorical data munging.
 
 import numpy as np
-import six
+
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.util import (SortAnythingKey,
                         safe_scalar_isnan,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def _categorical_shape_fix(data):
     # coerce scalars into 1d, which is consistent with what we do for numeric
     # factors. (See statsmodels/statsmodels#1881)
     if (not iterable(data)
-        or isinstance(data, (six.text_type, six.binary_type))):
+        or isinstance(data, (str, bytes))):
         data = [data]
     return data
 
diff --git a/patsy/compat.py b/patsy/compat.py
index 476123b..882e13e 100644
--- a/patsy/compat.py
+++ b/patsy/compat.py
@@ -31,20 +31,12 @@
 # 'raise from' available in Python 3+
 import sys
 from patsy import PatsyError
+
 def call_and_wrap_exc(msg, origin, f, *args, **kwargs):
     try:
         return f(*args, **kwargs)
     except Exception as e:
-        if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-            new_exc = PatsyError("%s: %s: %s"
-                                 % (msg, e.__class__.__name__, e),
-                                 origin)
-            # Use 'exec' to hide this syntax from the Python 2 parser:
-            exec("raise new_exc from e")
-        else:
-            # In python 2, we just let the original exception escape -- better
-            # than destroying the traceback. But if it's a PatsyError, we can
-            # at least set the origin properly.
-            if isinstance(e, PatsyError):
-                e.set_origin(origin)
-            raise
+        new_exc = PatsyError("%s: %s: %s"
+                             % (msg, e.__class__.__name__, e),
+                             origin)
+        raise new_exc from e
diff --git a/patsy/constraint.py b/patsy/constraint.py
index fb6c829..012b226 100644
--- a/patsy/constraint.py
+++ b/patsy/constraint.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 # Interpreting linear constraints like "2*x1 + x2 = 0"
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 # These are made available in the patsy.* namespace
 __all__ = ["LinearConstraint"]
 
@@ -14,7 +12,6 @@
     from collections.abc import Mapping
 except ImportError:
     from collections import Mapping
-import six
 import numpy as np
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.origin import Origin
@@ -376,10 +373,10 @@ def linear_constraint(constraint_like, variable_names):
                          dtype=float)
         constants = np.zeros(len(constraint_like))
         used = set()
-        for i, (name, value) in enumerate(six.iteritems(constraint_like)):
+        for i, (name, value) in enumerate(constraint_like.items()):
             if name in variable_names:
                 idx = variable_names.index(name)
-            elif isinstance(name, six.integer_types):
+            elif isinstance(name, int):
                 idx = name
             else:
                 raise ValueError("unrecognized variable name/index %r"
diff --git a/patsy/contrasts.py b/patsy/contrasts.py
index 145022a..c3e6921 100644
--- a/patsy/contrasts.py
+++ b/patsy/contrasts.py
@@ -5,20 +5,16 @@
 # http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/r/library/contrast_coding.htm
 # http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/webbooks/reg/chapter5/sasreg5.htm
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 # These are made available in the patsy.* namespace
 __all__ = ["ContrastMatrix", "Treatment", "Poly", "Sum", "Helmert", "Diff"]
 
-import sys
-import six
 import numpy as np
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.util import (repr_pretty_delegate, repr_pretty_impl,
                         safe_issubdtype,
                         no_pickling, assert_no_pickling)
 
-class ContrastMatrix(object):
+class ContrastMatrix:
     """A simple container for a matrix used for coding categorical factors.
 
     Attributes:
@@ -69,16 +65,11 @@ def test_ContrastMatrix():
 def _obj_to_readable_str(obj):
     if isinstance(obj, str):
         return obj
-    elif sys.version_info >= (3,) and isinstance(obj, bytes):
+    elif isinstance(obj, bytes):
         try:
             return obj.decode("utf-8")
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
             return repr(obj)
-    elif sys.version_info < (3,) and isinstance(obj, unicode):
-        try:
-            return obj.encode("ascii")
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            return repr(obj)
     else:
         return repr(obj)
 
@@ -90,16 +81,14 @@ def t(obj, expected):
     t(1, "1")
     t(1.0, "1.0")
     t("asdf", "asdf")
-    t(six.u("asdf"), "asdf")
-    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
-        # we can use "foo".encode here b/c this is python 3!
-        # a utf-8 encoded euro-sign comes out as a real euro sign.
-        t("\u20ac".encode("utf-8"), six.u("\u20ac"))
-        # but a iso-8859-15 euro sign can't be decoded, and we fall back on
-        # repr()
-        t("\u20ac".encode("iso-8859-15"), "b'\\xa4'")
-    else:
-        t(six.u("\u20ac"), "u'\\u20ac'")
+    t(u"asdf", "asdf")
+
+    # we can use "foo".encode here b/c this is python 3!
+    # a utf-8 encoded euro-sign comes out as a real euro sign.
+    t("\u20ac".encode("utf-8"), u"\u20ac")
+    # but a iso-8859-15 euro sign can't be decoded, and we fall back on
+    # repr()
+    t("\u20ac".encode("iso-8859-15"), "b'\\xa4'")
 
 def _name_levels(prefix, levels):
     return ["[%s%s]" % (prefix, _obj_to_readable_str(level)) for level in levels]
@@ -113,7 +102,7 @@ def _dummy_code(levels):
 def _get_level(levels, level_ref):
     if level_ref in levels:
         return levels.index(level_ref)
-    if isinstance(level_ref, six.integer_types):
+    if isinstance(level_ref, int):
         if level_ref < 0:
             level_ref += len(levels)
         if not (0 <= level_ref < len(levels)):
@@ -133,13 +122,8 @@ def test__get_level():
     pytest.raises(PatsyError, _get_level, ["a", "b"], -3)
     pytest.raises(PatsyError, _get_level, ["a", "b"], "c")
 
-    if not six.PY3:
-        assert _get_level(["a", "b", "c"], long(0)) == 0
-        assert _get_level(["a", "b", "c"], long(-1)) == 2
-        assert _get_level([2, 1, 0], long(0)) == 2
-
 
-class Treatment(object):
+class Treatment:
     """Treatment coding (also known as dummy coding).
 
     This is the default coding.
diff --git a/patsy/desc.py b/patsy/desc.py
index 8842b8b..4545de0 100644
--- a/patsy/desc.py
+++ b/patsy/desc.py
@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@
 # level, as a list of interactions of factors. It also has the code to convert
 # a formula parse tree (from patsy.parse_formula) into a ModelDesc.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import six
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.parse_formula import ParseNode, Token, parse_formula
 from patsy.eval import EvalEnvironment, EvalFactor
@@ -595,7 +592,7 @@ def _assert_terms_match(terms, expected_intercept, expecteds): # pragma: no cove
             assert term == expected
 
 def _do_eval_formula_tests(tests): # pragma: no cover
-    for code, result in six.iteritems(tests):
+    for code, result in tests.items():
         if len(result) == 2:
             result = (False, []) + result
         model_desc = ModelDesc.from_formula(code)
diff --git a/patsy/design_info.py b/patsy/design_info.py
index 435f2de..e27d382 100644
--- a/patsy/design_info.py
+++ b/patsy/design_info.py
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 # - consider renaming design_matrix_builders (and I guess
 #   build_design_matrices too). Ditto for highlevel dbuilder functions.
 
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 # These are made available in the patsy.* namespace
 __all__ = ["DesignInfo", "FactorInfo", "SubtermInfo", "DesignMatrix"]
 
 import warnings
-import numbers
-import six
+
 import numpy as np
+
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.util import atleast_2d_column_default
 from patsy.compat import OrderedDict
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@
 from patsy.contrasts import ContrastMatrix
 from patsy.desc import ModelDesc, Term
 
-class FactorInfo(object):
+class FactorInfo:
     """A FactorInfo object is a simple class that provides some metadata about
     the role of a factor within a model. :attr:`DesignInfo.factor_infos` is
     a dictionary which maps factor objects to FactorInfo objects for each
@@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ def __init__(self, factor, type, state,
                              % (self.type,))
         self.state = state
         if self.type == "numerical":
-            if not isinstance(num_columns, six.integer_types):
+            if not isinstance(num_columns, int):
                 raise ValueError("For numerical factors, num_columns "
                                  "must be an integer")
             if categories is not None:
@@ -158,14 +155,8 @@ def test_FactorInfo():
     pytest.raises(TypeError, FactorInfo, "asdf", "categorical", {},
                   categories=1)
 
-    # Make sure longs are legal for num_columns
-    # (Important on python2+win64, where array shapes are tuples-of-longs)
-    if not six.PY3:
-        fi_long = FactorInfo("asdf", "numerical", {"a": 1},
-                             num_columns=long(10))
-        assert fi_long.num_columns == 10
 
-class SubtermInfo(object):
+class SubtermInfo:
     """A SubtermInfo object is a simple metadata container describing a single
     primitive interaction and how it is coded in our design matrix. Our final
     design matrix is produced by coding each primitive interaction in order
@@ -215,14 +206,14 @@ def __init__(self, factors, contrast_matrices, num_columns):
         factor_set = frozenset(factors)
         if not isinstance(contrast_matrices, dict):
             raise ValueError("contrast_matrices must be dict")
-        for factor, contrast_matrix in six.iteritems(contrast_matrices):
+        for factor, contrast_matrix in contrast_matrices.items():
             if factor not in factor_set:
                 raise ValueError("Unexpected factor in contrast_matrices dict")
             if not isinstance(contrast_matrix, ContrastMatrix):
                 raise ValueError("Expected a ContrastMatrix, not %r"
                                  % (contrast_matrix,))
         self.contrast_matrices = contrast_matrices
-        if not isinstance(num_columns, six.integer_types):
+        if not isinstance(num_columns, int):
             raise ValueError("num_columns must be an integer")
         self.num_columns = num_columns
 
@@ -243,11 +234,6 @@ def test_SubtermInfo():
     assert s.contrast_matrices == {"a": cm}
     assert s.num_columns == 4
 
-    # Make sure longs are accepted for num_columns
-    if not six.PY3:
-        s = SubtermInfo(["a", "x"], {"a": cm}, long(4))
-        assert s.num_columns == 4
-
     # smoke test
     repr(s)
 
@@ -289,7 +275,7 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
 
             if not isinstance(self.term_codings, OrderedDict):
                 raise ValueError("term_codings must be an OrderedDict")
-            for term, subterms in six.iteritems(self.term_codings):
+            for term, subterms in self.term_codings.items():
                 if not isinstance(term, Term):
                     raise ValueError("expected a Term, not %r" % (term,))
                 if not isinstance(subterms, list):
@@ -308,14 +294,14 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
             if all_factors != set(self.factor_infos):
                 raise ValueError("Provided Term objects and factor_infos "
                                  "do not match")
-            for factor, factor_info in six.iteritems(self.factor_infos):
+            for factor, factor_info in self.factor_infos.items():
                 if not isinstance(factor_info, FactorInfo):
                     raise ValueError("expected FactorInfo object, not %r"
                                      % (factor_info,))
                 if factor != factor_info.factor:
                     raise ValueError("mismatched factor_info.factor")
 
-            for term, subterms in six.iteritems(self.term_codings):
+            for term, subterms in self.term_codings.items():
                 for subterm in subterms:
                     exp_cols = 1
                     cat_factors = set()
@@ -348,7 +334,7 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
             # Need to derive term information from term_codings
             self.term_slices = OrderedDict()
             idx = 0
-            for term, subterm_infos in six.iteritems(self.term_codings):
+            for term, subterm_infos in self.term_codings.items():
                 term_columns = 0
                 for subterm_info in subterm_infos:
                     term_columns += subterm_info.num_columns
@@ -359,7 +345,7 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
                                  "coded by given terms")
             self.term_name_slices = OrderedDict(
                 [(term.name(), slice_)
-                 for (term, slice_) in six.iteritems(self.term_slices)])
+                 for (term, slice_) in self.term_slices.items()])
 
         # Guarantees:
         #   term_name_slices is never None
@@ -376,7 +362,7 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
         # generate the slices ourselves, but we'll leave them in just to be
         # safe.
         covered = 0
-        for slice_ in six.itervalues(self.term_name_slices):
+        for slice_ in self.term_name_slices.values():
             start, stop, step = slice_.indices(len(column_names))
             assert start == covered
             assert step == 1
@@ -384,7 +370,7 @@ def __init__(self, column_names,
         assert covered == len(column_names)
         #   If there is any name overlap between terms and columns, they refer
         #     to the same columns.
-        for column_name, index in six.iteritems(self.column_name_indexes):
+        for column_name, index in self.column_name_indexes.items():
             if column_name in self.term_name_slices:
                 slice_ = self.term_name_slices[column_name]
                 if slice_ != slice(index, index + 1):
@@ -1124,7 +1110,7 @@ def max_width(col):
 
         p.begin_group(2, "Terms:")
         p.breakable("\n" + " " * p.indentation)
-        for term_name, span in six.iteritems(self.design_info.term_name_slices):
+        for term_name, span in self.design_info.term_name_slices.items():
             if span.start != 0:
                 p.breakable(", ")
             p.pretty(term_name)
diff --git a/patsy/eval.py b/patsy/eval.py
index 53511fc..6b4f5ea 100644
--- a/patsy/eval.py
+++ b/patsy/eval.py
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@
 # These are made available in the patsy.* namespace
 __all__ = ["EvalEnvironment", "EvalFactor"]
 
-import sys
 import __future__
+import sys
 import inspect
 import tokenize
 import ast
 import numbers
-import six
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.util import PushbackAdapter, no_pickling, assert_no_pickling
 from patsy.tokens import (pretty_untokenize, normalize_token_spacing,
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ def test_VarLookupDict():
     assert ds["a"] == 10
     assert d1["a"] == 1
     assert ds.get("c") is None
-    assert isinstance(repr(ds), six.string_types)
+    assert isinstance(repr(ds), str)
 
     assert_no_pickling(ds)
 
@@ -103,8 +102,7 @@ def ast_names(code):
     # Syntax that allows new name bindings to be introduced is tricky to
     # handle here, so we just refuse to do so.
     disallowed_ast_nodes = (ast.Lambda, ast.ListComp, ast.GeneratorExp)
-    if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
-        disallowed_ast_nodes += (ast.DictComp, ast.SetComp)
+    disallowed_ast_nodes += (ast.DictComp, ast.SetComp)
 
     for node in ast.walk(ast.parse(code)):
         if isinstance(node, disallowed_ast_nodes):
@@ -128,9 +126,8 @@ def list_ast_names(code):
     pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "lambda x: x + y")
     pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "[x + 1 for x in range(10)]")
     pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "(x + 1 for x in range(10))")
-    if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
-        pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "{x: True for x in range(10)}")
-        pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "{x + 1 for x in range(10)}")
+    pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "{x: True for x in range(10)}")
+    pytest.raises(PatsyError, list_ast_names, "{x + 1 for x in range(10)}")
 
 class EvalEnvironment(object):
     """Represents a Python execution environment.
@@ -306,12 +303,9 @@ def test_EvalEnvironment_capture_namespace():
     assert_no_pickling(EvalEnvironment.capture())
 
 def test_EvalEnvironment_capture_flags():
-    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
-        # This is the only __future__ feature currently usable in Python
-        # 3... fortunately it is probably not going anywhere.
-        TEST_FEATURE = "barry_as_FLUFL"
-    else:
-        TEST_FEATURE = "division"
+    # This is the only __future__ feature currently usable in Python
+    # 3... fortunately it is probably not going anywhere.
+    TEST_FEATURE = "barry_as_FLUFL"
     test_flag = getattr(__future__, TEST_FEATURE).compiler_flag
     assert test_flag & _ALL_FUTURE_FLAGS
     source = ("def f():\n"
@@ -327,7 +321,7 @@ def test_EvalEnvironment_capture_flags():
            "call_capture_1": lambda: EvalEnvironment.capture(1),
            }
     env2 = dict(env)
-    six.exec_(code, env)
+    exec(code, env)
     assert env["RETURN_INNER"].namespace["in_f"] == "hi from f"
     assert env["RETURN_INNER_FROM_OUTER"].namespace["in_f"] == "hi from f"
     assert "in_f" not in env["RETURN_OUTER"].namespace
@@ -338,7 +332,7 @@ def test_EvalEnvironment_capture_flags():
     code2 = compile(("from __future__ import %s\n" % (TEST_FEATURE,))
                     + source,
                     "<test string 2>", "exec", 0, 1)
-    six.exec_(code2, env2)
+    exec(code2, env2)
     assert env2["RETURN_INNER"].namespace["in_f"] == "hi from f"
     assert env2["RETURN_INNER_FROM_OUTER"].namespace["in_f"] == "hi from f"
     assert "in_f" not in env2["RETURN_OUTER"].namespace
@@ -362,36 +356,23 @@ def test_EvalEnvironment_eval_namespace():
 
 def test_EvalEnvironment_eval_flags():
     import pytest
-    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
-        # This joke __future__ statement replaces "!=" with "<>":
-        #   http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0401/
-        test_flag = __future__.barry_as_FLUFL.compiler_flag
-        assert test_flag & _ALL_FUTURE_FLAGS
-
-        env = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=0)
-        assert env.eval("a != 0") == True
-        pytest.raises(SyntaxError, env.eval, "a <> 0")
-        assert env.subset(["a"]).flags == 0
-        assert env.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == 0
-
-        env2 = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=test_flag)
-        assert env2.eval("a <> 0") == True
-        pytest.raises(SyntaxError, env2.eval, "a != 0")
-        assert env2.subset(["a"]).flags == test_flag
-        assert env2.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == test_flag
-    else:
-        test_flag = __future__.division.compiler_flag
-        assert test_flag & _ALL_FUTURE_FLAGS
-
-        env = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=0)
-        assert env.eval("a / 2") == 11 // 2 == 5
-        assert env.subset(["a"]).flags == 0
-        assert env.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == 0
-
-        env2 = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=test_flag)
-        assert env2.eval("a / 2") == 11 * 1. / 2 != 5
-        env2.subset(["a"]).flags == test_flag
-        assert env2.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == test_flag
+
+    # This joke __future__ statement replaces "!=" with "<>":
+    #   http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0401/
+    test_flag = __future__.barry_as_FLUFL.compiler_flag
+    assert test_flag & _ALL_FUTURE_FLAGS
+
+    env = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=0)
+    assert env.eval("a != 0") == True
+    pytest.raises(SyntaxError, env.eval, "a <> 0")
+    assert env.subset(["a"]).flags == 0
+    assert env.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == 0
+
+    env2 = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 11}], flags=test_flag)
+    assert env2.eval("a <> 0") == True
+    pytest.raises(SyntaxError, env2.eval, "a != 0")
+    assert env2.subset(["a"]).flags == test_flag
+    assert env2.with_outer_namespace({"b": 10}).flags == test_flag
 
 def test_EvalEnvironment_subset():
     env = EvalEnvironment([{"a": 1}, {"b": 2}, {"c": 3}])
@@ -419,7 +400,7 @@ def test_EvalEnvironment_eq():
     assert env3 != env4
 
 _builtins_dict = {}
-six.exec_("from patsy.builtins import *", {}, _builtins_dict)
+exec("from patsy.builtins import *", {}, _builtins_dict)
 # This is purely to make the existence of patsy.builtins visible to systems
 # like py2app and py2exe. It's basically free, since the above line guarantees
 # that patsy.builtins will be present in sys.modules in any case.
@@ -678,7 +659,7 @@ def test_EvalFactor_end_to_end():
     e.memorize_chunk(state, 1, {"x": np.array([12, -10]),
                                 "y": np.array([100, 3])})
     e.memorize_finish(state, 1)
-    for transform in six.itervalues(state["transforms"]):
+    for transform in state["transforms"].values():
         assert transform._memorize_chunk_called == 2
         assert transform._memorize_finish_called == 1
     # sums:
diff --git a/patsy/highlevel.py b/patsy/highlevel.py
index 78d2942..2138367 100644
--- a/patsy/highlevel.py
+++ b/patsy/highlevel.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #   ModelDesign doesn't work -- need to work with the builder set
 #   want to be able to return either a matrix or a pandas dataframe
 
-import six
 import numpy as np
+
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.design_info import DesignMatrix, DesignInfo
 from patsy.eval import EvalEnvironment
@@ -46,18 +46,6 @@ def _try_incr_builders(formula_like, data_iter_maker, eval_env,
             raise PatsyError("bad value from %r.__patsy_get_model_desc__"
                                 % (formula_like,))
         # fallthrough
-    if not six.PY3 and isinstance(formula_like, unicode):
-        # Included for the convenience of people who are using py2 with
-        # __future__.unicode_literals.
-        try:
-            formula_like = formula_like.encode("ascii")
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            raise PatsyError(
-                "On Python 2, formula strings must be either 'str' objects, "
-                "or else 'unicode' objects containing only ascii "
-                "characters. You passed a unicode string with non-ascii "
-                "characters. I'm afraid you'll have to either switch to "
-                "ascii-only, or else upgrade to Python 3.")
     if isinstance(formula_like, str):
         formula_like = ModelDesc.from_formula(formula_like)
         # fallthrough
diff --git a/patsy/infix_parser.py b/patsy/infix_parser.py
index 7ebf824..fb0ddff 100644
--- a/patsy/infix_parser.py
+++ b/patsy/infix_parser.py
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 # plausible, maybe better ways to write this -- (outcome | group) ~ x1 + x2?
 # "outcome ~ x1 + x2", group="group"? etc.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 __all__ = ["Token", "ParseNode", "Operator", "parse"]
 
 from patsy import PatsyError
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@
 from patsy.util import (repr_pretty_delegate, repr_pretty_impl,
                         no_pickling, assert_no_pickling)
 
-class _UniqueValue(object):
+class _UniqueValue:
     def __init__(self, print_as):
         self._print_as = print_as
 
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
 
     __getstate__ = no_pickling
 
-class Token(object):
+class Token:
     """A token with possible payload.
 
     .. attribute:: type
diff --git a/patsy/parse_formula.py b/patsy/parse_formula.py
index 4a364ba..afab2d4 100644
--- a/patsy/parse_formula.py
+++ b/patsy/parse_formula.py
@@ -7,15 +7,13 @@
 # uses the machinery in patsy.parse_core to do the heavy-lifting -- its
 # biggest job is to handle tokenization.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 
 __all__ = ["parse_formula"]
 
 # The Python tokenizer
 import tokenize
 
-import six
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+from io import StringIO
 
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.origin import Origin
@@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ def _compare_trees(got, expected):
         assert got.token.extra == expected
 
 def _do_parse_test(test_cases, extra_operators):
-    for code, expected in six.iteritems(test_cases):
+    for code, expected in test_cases.items():
         actual = parse_formula(code, extra_operators=extra_operators)
         print(repr(code), repr(expected))
         print(actual)
diff --git a/patsy/redundancy.py b/patsy/redundancy.py
index 415fa96..c428bdf 100644
--- a/patsy/redundancy.py
+++ b/patsy/redundancy.py
@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@
 #   () + a-: reduced to just a-, which is what we code
 #   () + a- + b- + a-:b-: reduced to b- + a-:b-, which is simplified to a+:b-.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from patsy.util import no_pickling
 
 # This should really be a named tuple, but those don't exist until Python
diff --git a/patsy/test_build.py b/patsy/test_build.py
index dcc46c7..4b112ef 100644
--- a/patsy/test_build.py
+++ b/patsy/test_build.py
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@
 # still not exhaustive end-to-end tests, though -- for that see
 # test_highlevel.py.)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import six
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.util import (atleast_2d_column_default,
                         have_pandas, have_pandas_categorical)
 from patsy.desc import Term, INTERCEPT
-from patsy.build import *
+from patsy.build import build_design_matrices, design_matrix_builders
 from patsy.categorical import C
 from patsy.user_util import balanced, LookupFactor
 from patsy.design_info import DesignMatrix, DesignInfo
@@ -207,7 +204,7 @@ def test_data_types():
     basic_dict_unicode = {"a": ["a1", "a2", "a1", "a2"],
                           "x": [1, 2, 3, 4]}
     basic_dict_unicode = dict(basic_dict)
-    basic_dict_unicode["a"] = [six.text_type(s) for s in basic_dict_unicode["a"]]
+    basic_dict_unicode["a"] = [str(s) for s in basic_dict_unicode["a"]]
 
     structured_array_bytes = np.array(list(zip(basic_dict["a"],
                                                basic_dict["x"])),
@@ -693,38 +690,27 @@ def t(which_terms, variables, columns):
             sub_data[variable] = all_data[variable]
         sub_matrix = build_design_matrices([sub_design_info], sub_data)[0]
         sub_full_matrix = full_matrix[:, columns]
-        if not isinstance(which_terms, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(which_terms, str):
             assert len(which_terms) == len(sub_design_info.terms)
         assert np.array_equal(sub_matrix, sub_full_matrix)
 
     t("~ 0 + x + y + z", ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
     t(["x", "y", "z"], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
-    # Compatibility: six.PY2 wasn't added until 1.4.0, but six.PY3 exists in
-    # all versions.
-    if not six.PY3:
-        t([unicode("x"), unicode("y"), unicode("z")],
-          ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
     t(all_terms, ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
     t([all_terms[0], "y", all_terms[2]], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
 
     t("~ 0 + x + z", ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
     t(["x", "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
-    # Compatibility: six.PY2 wasn't added until 1.4.0, but six.PY3 exists in
-    # all versions.
-    if not six.PY3:
-        t([unicode("x"), unicode("z")], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
     t([all_terms[0], all_terms[2]], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
     t([all_terms[0], "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
 
     t("~ 0 + z + x", ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
     t(["z", "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
-    t([six.text_type("z"), six.text_type("x")], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
     t([all_terms[2], all_terms[0]], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
     t([all_terms[2], "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
 
     t("~ 0 + y", ["y"], [1, 2])
     t(["y"], ["y"], [1, 2])
-    t([six.text_type("y")], ["y"], [1, 2])
     t([all_terms[1]], ["y"], [1, 2])
 
     # Formula can't have a LHS
diff --git a/patsy/test_highlevel.py b/patsy/test_highlevel.py
index 807a32a..66c293a 100644
--- a/patsy/test_highlevel.py
+++ b/patsy/test_highlevel.py
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 
 # Exhaustive end-to-end tests of the top-level API.
 
-import sys
-import __future__
-import six
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
+
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.design_info import DesignMatrix, DesignInfo
 from patsy.eval import EvalEnvironment
@@ -18,7 +16,8 @@
 from patsy.user_util import balanced, LookupFactor
 from patsy.build import (design_matrix_builders,
                          build_design_matrices)
-from patsy.highlevel import *
+from patsy.highlevel import (dmatrix, dmatrices,
+                             incr_dbuilder, incr_dbuilders)
 from patsy.util import (have_pandas,
                         have_pandas_categorical,
                         have_pandas_categorical_dtype,
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ def t(formula_like, data, depth,
         depth += 1
     def data_iter_maker():
         return iter([data])
-    if (isinstance(formula_like, six.string_types + (ModelDesc, DesignInfo))
+    if (isinstance(formula_like, (str, ModelDesc, DesignInfo))
         or (isinstance(formula_like, tuple)
             and isinstance(formula_like[0], DesignInfo))
         or hasattr(formula_like, "__patsy_get_model_desc__")):
@@ -260,20 +259,6 @@ def __patsy_get_model_desc__(self, data):
       True,
       [[1, 3, 1], [1, 4, 2]], ["Intercept", "x", "y"])
 
-    # unicode objects on py2 (must be ascii only)
-    if not six.PY3:
-        # ascii is fine
-        t(unicode("y ~ x"),
-          {"y": [1, 2], "x": [3, 4]}, 0,
-          True,
-          [[1, 3], [1, 4]], ["Intercept", "x"],
-          [[1], [2]], ["y"])
-        # non-ascii is not (even if this would be valid on py3 with its less
-        # restrict variable naming rules)
-        eacute = "\xc3\xa9".decode("utf-8")
-        assert isinstance(eacute, unicode)
-        pytest.raises(PatsyError, dmatrix, eacute, data={eacute: [1, 2]})
-
     # ModelDesc
     desc = ModelDesc([], [Term([LookupFactor("x")])])
     t(desc, {"x": [1.5, 2.5, 3.5]}, 0,
@@ -588,16 +573,6 @@ def _check_division(expect_true_division): # pragma: no cover
     else:
         assert np.allclose(m, [[2]])
 
-def test_future():
-    if __future__.division.getMandatoryRelease() < sys.version_info:
-        # This is Python 3, where division is already default
-        return
-    # no __future__.division in this module's scope
-    _check_division(False)
-    # create an execution context where __future__.division is in effect
-    exec ("from __future__ import division\n"
-          "_check_division(True)\n")
-
 def test_multicolumn():
     data = {
         "a": ["a1", "a2"],
@@ -652,11 +627,8 @@ def raise_patsy_error(x):
     try:
         dmatrix("1 + x[1]", {"x": {}})
     except Exception as e:
-        if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-            assert isinstance(e, PatsyError)
-            assert e.origin == Origin("1 + x[1]", 4, 8)
-        else:
-            assert isinstance(e, KeyError)
+        assert isinstance(e, PatsyError)
+        assert e.origin == Origin("1 + x[1]", 4, 8)
     else:
         assert False
 
diff --git a/patsy/test_state.py b/patsy/test_state.py
index 159c00b..3c04611 100644
--- a/patsy/test_state.py
+++ b/patsy/test_state.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Nathaniel Smith <njs@pobox.com>
 # See file LICENSE.txt for license information.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 import numpy as np
+
 from patsy.state import Center, Standardize, center
 from patsy.util import atleast_2d_column_default
 
diff --git a/patsy/tokens.py b/patsy/tokens.py
index 447d5ce..542d464 100644
--- a/patsy/tokens.py
+++ b/patsy/tokens.py
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 #   a utility function to replace calls to global functions with calls to
 #       other functions
 
+from io import StringIO
+
 import tokenize
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
 
 from patsy import PatsyError
 from patsy.origin import Origin
diff --git a/patsy/util.py b/patsy/util.py
index 3116e11..5e446b7 100644
--- a/patsy/util.py
+++ b/patsy/util.py
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@
            ]
 
 import sys
+from io import StringIO
 import numpy as np
-import six
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+
 from .compat import optional_dep_ok
 
 try:
@@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ def next(self):
             return self._pushed.pop()
         else:
             # May raise StopIteration
-            return six.advance_iterator(self._it)
+            return next(self._it)
     __next__ = next
 
     def peek(self):
         try:
-            obj = six.advance_iterator(self)
+            obj = next(self)
         except StopIteration:
             raise ValueError("no more data")
         self.push_back(obj)
@@ -365,10 +365,10 @@ def has_more(self):
 def test_PushbackAdapter():
     it = PushbackAdapter(iter([1, 2, 3, 4]))
     assert it.has_more()
-    assert six.advance_iterator(it) == 1
+    assert next(it) == 1
     it.push_back(0)
-    assert six.advance_iterator(it) == 0
-    assert six.advance_iterator(it) == 2
+    assert next(it) == 0
+    assert next(it) == 2
     assert it.peek() == 3
     it.push_back(10)
     assert it.peek() == 10
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ def assert_no_pickling(obj):
 # where 'constraints' might be a string or an array. (If it's an array, then
 # we can't use == becaues it might broadcast and ugh.)
 def safe_string_eq(obj, value):
-    if isinstance(obj, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(obj, str):
         return obj == value
     else:
         return False
@@ -741,8 +741,4 @@ def safe_string_eq(obj, value):
 def test_safe_string_eq():
     assert safe_string_eq("foo", "foo")
     assert not safe_string_eq("foo", "bar")
-
-    if not six.PY3:
-        assert safe_string_eq(unicode("foo"), "foo")
-
     assert not safe_string_eq(np.empty((2, 2)), "foo")
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index bba2281..fd102b3 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
-import sys
 from setuptools import setup
 
 DESC = ("A Python package for describing statistical models and for "
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@
     packages=["patsy"],
     url="https://github.com/pydata/patsy",
     install_requires=[
-        "six",
         # Possibly we need an even newer numpy than this, but we definitely
         # need at least 1.4 for triu_indices
         "numpy >= 1.4",
@@ -37,8 +35,6 @@
       "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
       "Intended Audience :: Financial and Insurance Industry",
       "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
-      "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
-      "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
       "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
       "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
       "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index d6b56b2..4e599c0 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = {py27,py36,py37,py38,py39,py310,py311,py312}-{with_pandas,without_pandas}
+envlist = {py36,py37,py38,py39,py310,py311,py312}-{with_pandas,without_pandas}
 
 [gh-actions]
 python =
-  2.7: py27
   3.6: py36
   3.7: py37
   3.8: py38

Places

File python-patsy-no-python2.patch of Package python-patsy (Revision 288fca954e1d4190468934d49d630c52)

Places