File registry-mirror.patch of Package cri-o

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File registry-mirror.patch of Package cri-o (Revision 110b923fa6b2c5c75345dc478503a105)

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From 09b0da91a4395e2f87a3aaf9bb382a605fa54620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2019 16:23:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Add registry mirror support

Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>
---
 pkg/storage/image.go                          |    2 +-
 .../containerstorage/containerstorage.go      |   15 +
 vendor.conf                                   |    5 +-
 .../containers/buildah/util/util.go           |    2 +-
 .../containers/image/docker/docker_client.go  |   73 +-
 .../containers/image/docker/docker_image.go   |    2 +-
 .../image/docker/docker_image_src.go          |   93 +-
 .../image/docker/docker_transport.go          |   12 +-
 .../image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go  |    2 +-
 .../image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go        |   12 +-
 .../image/pkg/docker/config/config.go         |   15 -
 .../sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go   |  100 +-
 .../image/storage/storage_transport.go        |    3 +-
 .../github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf   |    5 +-
 .../containers/image/version/version.go       |    6 +-
 .../containers/storage/containers_ffjson.go   |    2 +-
 .../drivers/copy/{copy.go => copy_linux.go}   |   19 +-
 .../storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go  |   19 +
 .../storage/drivers/devmapper/device_setup.go |   13 +-
 .../containers/storage/drivers/driver.go      |    1 +
 .../storage/drivers/overlay/overlay.go        |   89 +-
 .../containers/storage/drivers/vfs/driver.go  |    7 +-
 .../containers/storage/images_ffjson.go       |    2 +-
 .../github.com/containers/storage/layers.go   |    1 +
 .../github.com/containers/storage/lockfile.go |   15 +-
 .../containers/storage/lockfile_unix.go       |   75 +-
 .../containers/storage/lockfile_windows.go    |   15 +-
 .../containers/storage/pkg/idtools/parser.go  |   11 +-
 vendor/github.com/containers/storage/store.go |   29 +-
 vendor/github.com/containers/storage/utils.go |   24 +-
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/LICENSE       |   20 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/README.md     |  954 ++++++++++++++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_386.go   |   10 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_amd64.go |   10 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm.go   |   28 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm64.go |   12 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_linux.go |   10 +
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mips64x.go  |   12 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mipsx.go |   12 +
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_openbsd.go  |   27 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc.go   |   12 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64.go |   12 +
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64le.go  |   12 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_s390x.go |   12 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix.go  |   93 ++
 .../etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix_solaris.go        |   88 ++
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_windows.go  |  141 ++
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/boltsync_unix.go |    8 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bucket.go     |  775 +++++++++++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/cursor.go     |  396 ++++++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/db.go         | 1164 +++++++++++++++++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/doc.go        |   44 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/errors.go     |   71 +
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist.go   |  370 ++++++
 .../github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist_hmap.go |  178 +++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/node.go       |  604 +++++++++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/page.go       |  197 +++
 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/tx.go         |  707 ++++++++++
 58 files changed, 6475 insertions(+), 173 deletions(-)
 rename vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/{copy.go => copy_linux.go} (95%)
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/LICENSE
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/README.md
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_386.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_amd64.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm64.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_linux.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mips64x.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mipsx.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_openbsd.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64le.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_s390x.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix_solaris.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_windows.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/boltsync_unix.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bucket.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/cursor.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/db.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/doc.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/errors.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist_hmap.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/node.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/page.go
 create mode 100644 vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/tx.go

diff --git a/pkg/storage/image.go b/pkg/storage/image.go
index 19b228c7e..28a2ee247 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/image.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/image.go
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ func GetImageService(ctx context.Context, sc *types.SystemContext, store storage
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		for _, r := range systemRegistries {
-			is.unqualifiedSearchRegistries = append(is.unqualifiedSearchRegistries, r.URL)
+			is.unqualifiedSearchRegistries = append(is.unqualifiedSearchRegistries, r.Prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/test/mocks/containerstorage/containerstorage.go b/test/mocks/containerstorage/containerstorage.go
index b06db4810..97178ffed 100644
--- a/test/mocks/containerstorage/containerstorage.go
+++ b/test/mocks/containerstorage/containerstorage.go
@@ -409,6 +409,21 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GIDMap() *gomock.Call {
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GIDMap", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GIDMap))
 }
 
+// GetDigestLock mocks base method
+func (m *MockStore) GetDigestLock(arg0 go_digest.Digest) (storage.Locker, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetDigestLock", arg0)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(storage.Locker)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetDigestLock indicates an expected call of GetDigestLock
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetDigestLock(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetDigestLock", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetDigestLock), arg0)
+}
+
 // GraphDriver mocks base method
 func (m *MockStore) GraphDriver() (drivers.Driver, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
diff --git a/vendor.conf b/vendor.conf
index 0226700ad..1c02ac2ae 100644
--- a/vendor.conf
+++ b/vendor.conf
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ github.com/gregjones/httpcache 787624de3eb7bd915c329cba748687a3b22666a6
 github.com/json-iterator/go f2b4162afba35581b6d4a50d3b8f34e33c144682
 github.com/peterbourgon/diskv v2.0.1
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
-github.com/containers/image v1.5.1
+github.com/containers/image ff926d3c79684793a2135666a2cb738f44ba33dc
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
 github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.4.0
 github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go d0388bd827cfac6fa8eec760246eb8375674b2a0
-github.com/containers/storage v1.12.1
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.6
 github.com/containernetworking/cni v0.7.0-rc2
 github.com/containernetworking/plugins v0.7.5
 google.golang.org/grpc 5b3c4e850e90a4cf6a20ebd46c8b32a0a3afcb9e https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/util/util.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/util/util.go
index 7f3bbaef4..98da0b747 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/util/util.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/util/util.go
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func ResolveName(name string, firstRegistry string, sc *types.SystemContext, sto
 	}
 	for _, registry := range searchRegistries {
 		if !registry.Blocked {
-			registries = append(registries, registry.URL)
+			registries = append(registries, registry.Prefix)
 		}
 	}
 	searchRegistriesAreEmpty := len(registries) == 0
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go
index 40f11c62a..503d63eae 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go
@@ -81,10 +81,8 @@ type bearerToken struct {
 // dockerClient is configuration for dealing with a single Docker registry.
 type dockerClient struct {
 	// The following members are set by newDockerClient and do not change afterwards.
-	sys                   *types.SystemContext
-	registry              string
-	client                *http.Client
-	insecureSkipTLSVerify bool
+	sys      *types.SystemContext
+	registry string
 
 	// The following members are not set by newDockerClient and must be set by callers if needed.
 	username      string
@@ -96,6 +94,10 @@ type dockerClient struct {
 	scheme             string // Empty value also used to indicate detectProperties() has not yet succeeded.
 	challenges         []challenge
 	supportsSignatures bool
+	// The tlsClientConfig is setup during the creation of the dockerClient and
+	// will be updated by detectPropertiesHelper(). Any HTTP request the
+	// dockerClient does will be done by this TLS client configuration.
+	tlsClientConfig *tls.Config
 
 	// Private state for setupRequestAuth (key: string, value: bearerToken)
 	tokenCache sync.Map
@@ -229,8 +231,7 @@ func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext, registry, reference string) (*doc
 	if registry == dockerHostname {
 		registry = dockerRegistry
 	}
-	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
-	tr.TLSClientConfig = serverDefault()
+	tlsClientConfig := serverDefault()
 
 	// It is undefined whether the host[:port] string for dockerHostname should be dockerHostname or dockerRegistry,
 	// because docker/docker does not read the certs.d subdirectory at all in that case.  We use the user-visible
@@ -241,38 +242,31 @@ func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext, registry, reference string) (*doc
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tr.TLSClientConfig); err != nil {
+	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tlsClientConfig); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Check if TLS verification shall be skipped (default=false) which can
-	// either be specified in the sysregistriesv2 configuration or via the
-	// SystemContext, whereas the SystemContext is prioritized.
+	// be specified in the sysregistriesv2 configuration.
 	skipVerify := false
-	if sys != nil && sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify != types.OptionalBoolUndefined {
-		// Only use the SystemContext if the actual value is defined.
-		skipVerify = sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify == types.OptionalBoolTrue
-	} else {
-		reg, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, reference)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries")
-		}
-		if reg != nil {
-			skipVerify = reg.Insecure
-		}
+	reg, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, reference)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries")
 	}
-	tr.TLSClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = skipVerify
+	if reg != nil {
+		skipVerify = reg.Insecure
+	}
+	tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = skipVerify
 
 	return &dockerClient{
-		sys:                   sys,
-		registry:              registry,
-		client:                &http.Client{Transport: tr},
-		insecureSkipTLSVerify: skipVerify,
+		sys:             sys,
+		registry:        registry,
+		tlsClientConfig: tlsClientConfig,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // CheckAuth validates the credentials by attempting to log into the registry
-// returns an error if an error occcured while making the http request or the status code received was 401
+// returns an error if an error occurred while making the http request or the status code received was 401
 func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, username, password, registry string) error {
 	client, err := newDockerClient(sys, registry, registry)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -445,11 +439,18 @@ func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url
 		}
 	}
 	logrus.Debugf("%s %s", method, url)
-	res, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return res, nil
+
+	// Build the transport and do the request by using the clients tlsclientconfig
+	return c.doHTTP(req)
+}
+
+// doHttp uses the clients internal TLS configuration for doing the
+// provided HTTP request.  It returns the response and an error on failure.
+func (c *dockerClient) doHTTP(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
+	tr.TLSClientConfig = c.tlsClientConfig
+	httpClient := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
+	return httpClient.Do(req)
 }
 
 // we're using the challenges from the /v2/ ping response and not the one from the destination
@@ -561,6 +562,12 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// We overwrite the TLS clients `InsecureSkipVerify` only if explicitly
+	// specified by the system context
+	if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify != types.OptionalBoolUndefined {
+		c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify == types.OptionalBoolTrue
+	}
+
 	ping := func(scheme string) error {
 		url := fmt.Sprintf(resolvedPingV2URL, scheme, c.registry)
 		resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
@@ -579,7 +586,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	err := ping("https")
-	if err != nil && c.insecureSkipTLSVerify {
+	if err != nil && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 		err = ping("http")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -603,7 +610,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 			return true
 		}
 		isV1 := pingV1("https")
-		if !isV1 && c.insecureSkipTLSVerify {
+		if !isV1 && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 			isV1 = pingV1("http")
 		}
 		if isV1 {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go
index 530c7513e..744667f54 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type Image struct {
 // a client to the registry hosting the given image.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
 func newImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
-	s, err := newImageSource(sys, ref)
+	s, err := newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go
index 8367792bf..1a424fd31 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
@@ -28,17 +29,89 @@ type dockerImageSource struct {
 	cachedManifestMIMEType string // Only valid if cachedManifest != nil
 }
 
-// newImageSource creates a new ImageSource for the specified image reference.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func newImageSource(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
-	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, ref, false, "pull")
+// newImageSource creates a new `ImageSource` for the specified image reference
+// `ref`.
+//
+// The following steps will be done during the instance creation:
+//
+// - Lookup the registry within the configured location in
+//   `sys.SystemRegistriesConfPath`. If there is no configured registry available,
+//   we fallback to the provided docker reference `ref`.
+//
+// - References which contain a configured prefix will be automatically rewritten
+//   to the correct target reference. For example, if the configured
+//   `prefix = "example.com/foo"`, `location = "example.com"` and the image will be
+//   pulled from the ref `example.com/foo/image`, then the resulting pull will
+//   effectively point to `example.com/image`.
+//
+// - If the rewritten reference succeeds, it will be used as the `dockerRef`
+//   in the client. If the rewrite fails, the function immediately returns an error.
+//
+// - Each mirror will be used (in the configured order) to test the
+//   availability of the image manifest on the remote location. For example,
+//   if the manifest is not reachable due to connectivity issues, then the next
+//   mirror will be tested instead. If no mirror is configured or contains the
+//   target manifest, then the initial `ref` will be tested as fallback. The
+//   creation of the new `dockerImageSource` only succeeds if a remote
+//   location with the available manifest was found.
+//
+// A cleanup call to `.Close()` is needed if the caller is done using the returned
+// `ImageSource`.
+func newImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
+	registry, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, ref.ref.Name())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries configuration")
+	}
+
+	if registry == nil {
+		// No configuration was found for the provided reference, so we create
+		// a fallback registry by hand to make the client creation below work
+		// as intended.
+		registry = &sysregistriesv2.Registry{
+			Endpoint: sysregistriesv2.Endpoint{
+				Location: ref.ref.String(),
+			},
+		}
 	}
-	return &dockerImageSource{
-		ref: ref,
-		c:   c,
-	}, nil
+
+	// Found the registry within the sysregistriesv2 configuration. Now we test
+	// all endpoints for the manifest availability. If a working image source
+	// was found, it will be used for all future pull actions.
+	var (
+		imageSource     *dockerImageSource
+		manifestLoadErr error
+	)
+	for _, endpoint := range append(registry.Mirrors, registry.Endpoint) {
+		logrus.Debugf("Trying to pull %q from endpoint %q", ref.ref, endpoint.Location)
+
+		newRef, err := endpoint.RewriteReference(ref.ref, registry.Prefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dockerRef, err := newReference(newRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		client, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, dockerRef, false, "pull")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		client.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = endpoint.Insecure
+
+		testImageSource := &dockerImageSource{
+			ref: dockerRef,
+			c:   client,
+		}
+
+		manifestLoadErr = testImageSource.ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx)
+		if manifestLoadErr == nil {
+			imageSource = testImageSource
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return imageSource, manifestLoadErr
 }
 
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this source, _as specified by the user_
@@ -274,7 +347,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getOneSignature(ctx context.Context, url *url.URL) (
 			return nil, false, err
 		}
 		req = req.WithContext(ctx)
-		res, err := s.c.client.Do(req)
+		res, err := s.c.doHTTP(req)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, false, err
 		}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go
index 3c67efb4a..45da7c96f 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go
@@ -61,8 +61,13 @@ func ParseReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 // NewReference returns a Docker reference for a named reference. The reference must satisfy !reference.IsNameOnly().
 func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	return newReference(ref)
+}
+
+// newReference returns a dockerReference for a named reference.
+func newReference(ref reference.Named) (dockerReference, error) {
 	if reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
 	}
 	// A github.com/distribution/reference value can have a tag and a digest at the same time!
 	// The docker/distribution API does not really support that (we can’t ask for an image with a specific
@@ -72,8 +77,9 @@ func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	_, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
 	_, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical)
 	if isTagged && isDigested {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
 	}
+
 	return dockerReference{
 		ref: ref,
 	}, nil
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ func (ref dockerReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContex
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
 func (ref dockerReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	return newImageSource(sys, ref)
+	return newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go
index 91d4e9137..19d0a6c80 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/boltdb/bolt"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/internal/prioritize"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	bolt "github.com/etcd-io/bbolt"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go
index 1e6e543b2..357333215 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/memory"
@@ -47,9 +48,18 @@ func blobInfoCacheDir(sys *types.SystemContext, euid int) (string, error) {
 	return filepath.Join(dataDir, "containers", "cache"), nil
 }
 
+func getRootlessUID() int {
+	uidEnv := os.Getenv("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID")
+	if uidEnv != "" {
+		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(uidEnv)
+		return u
+	}
+	return os.Geteuid()
+}
+
 // DefaultCache returns the default BlobInfoCache implementation appropriate for sys.
 func DefaultCache(sys *types.SystemContext) types.BlobInfoCache {
-	dir, err := blobInfoCacheDir(sys, os.Geteuid())
+	dir, err := blobInfoCacheDir(sys, getRootlessUID())
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error determining a location for %s, using a memory-only cache", blobInfoCacheFilename)
 		return memory.New()
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config/config.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config/config.go
index 1f576253d..57b548e26 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config/config.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config/config.go
@@ -85,21 +85,6 @@ func GetAuthentication(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) (string, strin
 	return "", "", nil
 }
 
-// GetUserLoggedIn returns the username logged in to registry from either
-// auth.json or XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
-// Used to tell the user if someone is logged in to the registry when logging in
-func GetUserLoggedIn(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) (string, error) {
-	path, err := getPathToAuth(sys)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	username, _, _ := findAuthentication(registry, path, false)
-	if username != "" {
-		return username, nil
-	}
-	return "", nil
-}
-
 // RemoveAuthentication deletes the credentials stored in auth.json
 func RemoveAuthentication(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) error {
 	return modifyJSON(sys, func(auths *dockerConfigFile) (bool, error) {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go
index 3d0bb0df2..9589f3829 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 )
 
 // systemRegistriesConfPath is the path to the system-wide registry
@@ -22,34 +26,56 @@ var systemRegistriesConfPath = builtinRegistriesConfPath
 // DO NOT change this, instead see systemRegistriesConfPath above.
 const builtinRegistriesConfPath = "/etc/containers/registries.conf"
 
-// Mirror represents a mirror. Mirrors can be used as pull-through caches for
-// registries.
-type Mirror struct {
-	// The mirror's URL.
-	URL string `toml:"url"`
+// Endpoint describes a remote location of a registry.
+type Endpoint struct {
+	// The endpoint's remote location.
+	Location string `toml:"location"`
 	// If true, certs verification will be skipped and HTTP (non-TLS)
 	// connections will be allowed.
 	Insecure bool `toml:"insecure"`
 }
 
+// RewriteReference will substitute the provided reference `prefix` to the
+// endpoints `location` from the `ref` and creates a new named reference from it.
+// The function errors if the newly created reference is not parsable.
+func (e *Endpoint) RewriteReference(ref reference.Named, prefix string) (reference.Named, error) {
+	if ref == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("provided reference is nil")
+	}
+	if prefix == "" {
+		return ref, nil
+	}
+	refString := ref.String()
+	if refMatchesPrefix(refString, prefix) {
+		newNamedRef := strings.Replace(refString, prefix, e.Location, 1)
+		newParsedRef, err := reference.ParseNamed(newNamedRef)
+		if newParsedRef != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("reference rewritten from '%v' to '%v'", refString, newParsedRef.String())
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error rewriting reference")
+		}
+		return newParsedRef, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid prefix '%v' for reference '%v'", prefix, refString)
+}
+
 // Registry represents a registry.
 type Registry struct {
-	// Serializable registry URL.
-	URL string `toml:"url"`
+	// A registry is an Endpoint too
+	Endpoint
 	// The registry's mirrors.
-	Mirrors []Mirror `toml:"mirror"`
+	Mirrors []Endpoint `toml:"mirror"`
 	// If true, pulling from the registry will be blocked.
 	Blocked bool `toml:"blocked"`
-	// If true, certs verification will be skipped and HTTP (non-TLS)
-	// connections will be allowed.
-	Insecure bool `toml:"insecure"`
 	// If true, the registry can be used when pulling an unqualified image.
 	Search bool `toml:"unqualified-search"`
 	// Prefix is used for matching images, and to translate one namespace to
-	// another.  If `Prefix="example.com/bar"`, `URL="example.com/foo/bar"`
+	// another.  If `Prefix="example.com/bar"`, `location="example.com/foo/bar"`
 	// and we pull from "example.com/bar/myimage:latest", the image will
 	// effectively be pulled from "example.com/foo/bar/myimage:latest".
-	// If no Prefix is specified, it defaults to the specified URL.
+	// If no Prefix is specified, it defaults to the specified location.
 	Prefix string `toml:"prefix"`
 }
 
@@ -84,18 +110,18 @@ func (e *InvalidRegistries) Error() string {
 	return e.s
 }
 
-// parseURL parses the input string, performs some sanity checks and returns
+// parseLocation parses the input string, performs some sanity checks and returns
 // the sanitized input string.  An error is returned if the input string is
 // empty or if contains an "http{s,}://" prefix.
-func parseURL(input string) (string, error) {
+func parseLocation(input string) (string, error) {
 	trimmed := strings.TrimRight(input, "/")
 
 	if trimmed == "" {
-		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: "invalid URL: cannot be empty"}
+		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: "invalid location: cannot be empty"}
 	}
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "https://") {
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf("invalid URL '%s': URI schemes are not supported", input)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("invalid location '%s': URI schemes are not supported", input)
 		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 	}
 
@@ -111,21 +137,21 @@ func getV1Registries(config *tomlConfig) ([]Registry, error) {
 	// to minimize behavior inconsistency and not contribute to difficult-to-reproduce situations.
 	registryOrder := []string{}
 
-	getRegistry := func(url string) (*Registry, error) { // Note: _pointer_ to a long-lived object
+	getRegistry := func(location string) (*Registry, error) { // Note: _pointer_ to a long-lived object
 		var err error
-		url, err = parseURL(url)
+		location, err = parseLocation(location)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		reg, exists := regMap[url]
+		reg, exists := regMap[location]
 		if !exists {
 			reg = &Registry{
-				URL:     url,
-				Mirrors: []Mirror{},
-				Prefix:  url,
+				Endpoint: Endpoint{Location: location},
+				Mirrors:  []Endpoint{},
+				Prefix:   location,
 			}
-			regMap[url] = reg
-			registryOrder = append(registryOrder, url)
+			regMap[location] = reg
+			registryOrder = append(registryOrder, location)
 		}
 		return reg, nil
 	}
@@ -155,15 +181,15 @@ func getV1Registries(config *tomlConfig) ([]Registry, error) {
 	}
 
 	registries := []Registry{}
-	for _, url := range registryOrder {
-		reg := regMap[url]
+	for _, location := range registryOrder {
+		reg := regMap[location]
 		registries = append(registries, *reg)
 	}
 	return registries, nil
 }
 
 // postProcessRegistries checks the consistency of all registries (e.g., set
-// the Prefix to URL if not set) and applies conflict checks.  It returns an
+// the Prefix to Location if not set) and applies conflict checks.  It returns an
 // array of cleaned registries and error in case of conflicts.
 func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
 	var registries []Registry
@@ -172,16 +198,16 @@ func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
 	for _, reg := range regs {
 		var err error
 
-		// make sure URL and Prefix are valid
-		reg.URL, err = parseURL(reg.URL)
+		// make sure Location and Prefix are valid
+		reg.Location, err = parseLocation(reg.Location)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		if reg.Prefix == "" {
-			reg.Prefix = reg.URL
+			reg.Prefix = reg.Location
 		} else {
-			reg.Prefix, err = parseURL(reg.Prefix)
+			reg.Prefix, err = parseLocation(reg.Prefix)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -189,13 +215,13 @@ func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
 
 		// make sure mirrors are valid
 		for _, mir := range reg.Mirrors {
-			mir.URL, err = parseURL(mir.URL)
+			mir.Location, err = parseLocation(mir.Location)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		}
 		registries = append(registries, reg)
-		regMap[reg.URL] = append(regMap[reg.URL], reg)
+		regMap[reg.Location] = append(regMap[reg.Location], reg)
 	}
 
 	// Given a registry can be mentioned multiple times (e.g., to have
@@ -205,15 +231,15 @@ func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
 	// Note: we need to iterate over the registries array to ensure a
 	// deterministic behavior which is not guaranteed by maps.
 	for _, reg := range registries {
-		others, _ := regMap[reg.URL]
+		others, _ := regMap[reg.Location]
 		for _, other := range others {
 			if reg.Insecure != other.Insecure {
-				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'insecure' setting", reg.URL)
+				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'insecure' setting", reg.Location)
 
 				return nil, &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 			}
 			if reg.Blocked != other.Blocked {
-				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'blocked' setting", reg.URL)
+				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'blocked' setting", reg.Location)
 				return nil, &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_transport.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_transport.go
index 3a6be6e00..c9a05e6c0 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_transport.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_transport.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ package storage
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ func (s *storageTransport) GetStore() (storage.Store, error) {
 	// Return the transport's previously-set store.  If we don't have one
 	// of those, initialize one now.
 	if s.store == nil {
-		options, err := storage.DefaultStoreOptions(os.Getuid() != 0, os.Getuid())
+		options, err := storage.DefaultStoreOptionsAutoDetectUID()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf
index 89b29722b..438cab17a 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 github.com/containers/image
 
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
-github.com/containers/storage v1.12.1
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.2
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew 346938d642f2ec3594ed81d874461961cd0faa76
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers d68f9aeca33f5fd3f08eeae5e9d175edf4e731d1
 github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ github.com/containerd/continuity d8fb8589b0e8e85b8c8bbaa8840226d0dfeb7371
 github.com/ghodss/yaml 04f313413ffd65ce25f2541bfd2b2ceec5c0908c
 github.com/gorilla/mux 94e7d24fd285520f3d12ae998f7fdd6b5393d453
 github.com/imdario/mergo 50d4dbd4eb0e84778abe37cefef140271d96fade
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth 14207d285c6c197daabb5c9793d63e7af9ab2d50
 github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs c0224de804d438efd11ea6e52ada8014537d6062
 github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
 github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ github.com/syndtr/gocapability master
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio ab35fc04b6365e8fcb18e6e9e41ea4a02b10b175
 github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim eca7177590cdcbd25bbc5df27e3b693a54b53a6a
 github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4
-github.com/boltdb/bolt master
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2
 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/version/version.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/version/version.go
index 9915cb2fa..184274736 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/image/version/version.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/image/version/version.go
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import "fmt"
 
 const (
 	// VersionMajor is for an API incompatible changes
-	VersionMajor = 0
+	VersionMajor = 1
 	// VersionMinor is for functionality in a backwards-compatible manner
-	VersionMinor = 1
+	VersionMinor = 7
 	// VersionPatch is for backwards-compatible bug fixes
-	VersionPatch = 6
+	VersionPatch = 0
 
 	// VersionDev indicates development branch. Releases will be empty string.
 	VersionDev = "-dev"
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/containers_ffjson.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/containers_ffjson.go
index 40b912bb3..aef6becfe 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/containers_ffjson.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/containers_ffjson.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by ffjson <https://github.com/pquerna/ffjson>. DO NOT EDIT.
-// source: ./containers.go
+// source: containers.go
 
 package storage
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_linux.go
similarity index 95%
rename from vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy.go
rename to vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_linux.go
index bcbc61284..d614b78fc 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_linux.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// +build linux
+// +build cgo
 
 package copy
 
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 
 		isHardlink := false
 
-		switch f.Mode() & os.ModeType {
-		case 0: // Regular file
+		switch mode := f.Mode(); {
+		case mode.IsRegular():
 			id := fileID{dev: stat.Dev, ino: stat.Ino}
 			if copyMode == Hardlink {
 				isHardlink = true
@@ -172,12 +172,12 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 				copiedFiles[id] = dstPath
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeDir:
+		case mode.IsDir():
 			if err := os.Mkdir(dstPath, f.Mode()); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeSymlink:
+		case mode&os.ModeSymlink != 0:
 			link, err := os.Readlink(srcPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -187,14 +187,15 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeNamedPipe:
+		case mode&os.ModeNamedPipe != 0:
 			fallthrough
-		case os.ModeSocket:
+
+		case mode&os.ModeSocket != 0:
 			if err := unix.Mkfifo(dstPath, stat.Mode); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeDevice:
+		case mode&os.ModeDevice != 0:
 			if rsystem.RunningInUserNS() {
 				// cannot create a device if running in user namespace
 				return nil
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 			}
 
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown file type for %s", srcPath)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown file type with mode %v for %s", mode, srcPath)
 		}
 
 		// Everything below is copying metadata from src to dst. All this metadata
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d44f2f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// +build !linux !cgo
+
+package copy
+
+import "github.com/containers/storage/pkg/chrootarchive"
+
+// Mode indicates whether to use hardlink or copy content
+type Mode int
+
+const (
+	// Content creates a new file, and copies the content of the file
+	Content Mode = iota
+)
+
+// DirCopy copies or hardlinks the contents of one directory to another,
+// properly handling soft links
+func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, _ Mode, _ bool) error {
+	return chrootarchive.NewArchiver(nil).CopyWithTar(srcDir, dstDir)
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/devmapper/device_setup.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/devmapper/device_setup.go
index 58abca477..f63845252 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/devmapper/device_setup.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/devmapper/device_setup.go
@@ -119,10 +119,17 @@ func checkDevHasFS(dev string) error {
 }
 
 func verifyBlockDevice(dev string, force bool) error {
-	if err := checkDevAvailable(dev); err != nil {
+	realPath, err := filepath.Abs(dev)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("unable to get absolute path for %s: %s", dev, err)
+	}
+	if realPath, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(realPath); err != nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("failed to canonicalise path for %s: %s", dev, err)
+	}
+	if err := checkDevAvailable(realPath); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := checkDevInVG(dev); err != nil {
+	if err := checkDevInVG(realPath); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@ func verifyBlockDevice(dev string, force bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := checkDevHasFS(dev); err != nil {
+	if err := checkDevHasFS(realPath); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/driver.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/driver.go
index dda172574..e8f8bd5a7 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/driver.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/driver.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ var (
 type CreateOpts struct {
 	MountLabel string
 	StorageOpt map[string]string
+	*idtools.IDMappings
 }
 
 // MountOpts contains optional arguments for LayerStope.Mount() methods.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/overlay/overlay.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/overlay/overlay.go
index 657d9b3ce..ef83b6c87 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/overlay/overlay.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/overlay/overlay.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"github.com/containers/storage/drivers"
+	graphdriver "github.com/containers/storage/drivers"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/drivers/overlayutils"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/drivers/quota"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/archive"
@@ -320,6 +320,8 @@ func supportsOverlay(home string, homeMagic graphdriver.FsMagic, rootUID, rootGI
 		mergedDir := filepath.Join(layerDir, "merged")
 		lower1Dir := filepath.Join(layerDir, "lower1")
 		lower2Dir := filepath.Join(layerDir, "lower2")
+		upperDir := filepath.Join(layerDir, "upper")
+		workDir := filepath.Join(layerDir, "work")
 		defer func() {
 			// Permitted to fail, since the various subdirectories
 			// can be empty or not even there, and the home might
@@ -331,7 +333,9 @@ func supportsOverlay(home string, homeMagic graphdriver.FsMagic, rootUID, rootGI
 		_ = idtools.MkdirAs(mergedDir, 0700, rootUID, rootGID)
 		_ = idtools.MkdirAs(lower1Dir, 0700, rootUID, rootGID)
 		_ = idtools.MkdirAs(lower2Dir, 0700, rootUID, rootGID)
-		flags := fmt.Sprintf("lowerdir=%s:%s", lower1Dir, lower2Dir)
+		_ = idtools.MkdirAs(upperDir, 0700, rootUID, rootGID)
+		_ = idtools.MkdirAs(workDir, 0700, rootUID, rootGID)
+		flags := fmt.Sprintf("lowerdir=%s:%s,upperdir=%s,workdir=%s", lower1Dir, lower2Dir, upperDir, workDir)
 		if len(flags) < unix.Getpagesize() {
 			err := mountFrom(filepath.Dir(home), "overlay", mergedDir, "overlay", 0, flags)
 			if err == nil {
@@ -341,7 +345,7 @@ func supportsOverlay(home string, homeMagic graphdriver.FsMagic, rootUID, rootGI
 				logrus.Debugf("overlay test mount with multiple lowers failed %v", err)
 			}
 		}
-		flags = fmt.Sprintf("lowerdir=%s", lower1Dir)
+		flags = fmt.Sprintf("lowerdir=%s,upperdir=%s,workdir=%s", lower1Dir, upperDir, workDir)
 		if len(flags) < unix.Getpagesize() {
 			err := mountFrom(filepath.Dir(home), "overlay", mergedDir, "overlay", 0, flags)
 			if err == nil {
@@ -470,10 +474,22 @@ func (d *Driver) Create(id, parent string, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts) (retErr
 func (d *Driver) create(id, parent string, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts) (retErr error) {
 	dir := d.dir(id)
 
-	rootUID, rootGID, err := idtools.GetRootUIDGID(d.uidMaps, d.gidMaps)
+	uidMaps := d.uidMaps
+	gidMaps := d.gidMaps
+
+	if opts != nil && opts.IDMappings != nil {
+		uidMaps = opts.IDMappings.UIDs()
+		gidMaps = opts.IDMappings.GIDs()
+	}
+
+	rootUID, rootGID, err := idtools.GetRootUIDGID(uidMaps, gidMaps)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Make the link directory if it does not exist
+	if err := idtools.MkdirAllAs(path.Join(d.home, linkDir), 0700, rootUID, rootGID); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := idtools.MkdirAllAs(path.Dir(dir), 0700, rootUID, rootGID); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -677,6 +693,48 @@ func (d *Driver) Remove(id string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// recreateSymlinks goes through the driver's home directory and checks if the diff directory
+// under each layer has a symlink created for it under the linkDir. If the symlink does not
+// exist, it creates them
+func (d *Driver) recreateSymlinks() error {
+	// List all the directories under the home directory
+	dirs, err := ioutil.ReadDir(d.home)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading driver home directory %q: %v", d.home, err)
+	}
+	// This makes the link directory if it doesn't exist
+	rootUID, rootGID, err := idtools.GetRootUIDGID(d.uidMaps, d.gidMaps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := idtools.MkdirAllAs(path.Join(d.home, linkDir), 0700, rootUID, rootGID); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		// Skip over the linkDir and anything that is not a directory
+		if dir.Name() == linkDir || !dir.Mode().IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Read the "link" file under each layer to get the name of the symlink
+		data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(d.dir(dir.Name()), "link"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error reading name of symlink for %q: %v", dir, err)
+		}
+		linkPath := path.Join(d.home, linkDir, strings.Trim(string(data), "\n"))
+		// Check if the symlink exists, and if it doesn't create it again with the name we
+		// got from the "link" file
+		_, err = os.Stat(linkPath)
+		if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			if err := os.Symlink(path.Join("..", dir.Name(), "diff"), linkPath); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error trying to stat %q: %v", linkPath, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Get creates and mounts the required file system for the given id and returns the mount path.
 func (d *Driver) Get(id string, options graphdriver.MountOpts) (_ string, retErr error) {
 	return d.get(id, false, options)
@@ -732,7 +790,16 @@ func (d *Driver) get(id string, disableShifting bool, options graphdriver.MountO
 				}
 				lower = ""
 			}
-			if lower == "" {
+			// if it is a "not found" error, that means the symlinks were lost in a sudden reboot
+			// so call the recreateSymlinks function to go through all the layer dirs and recreate
+			// the symlinks with the name from their respective "link" files
+			if lower == "" && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				logrus.Warnf("Can't stat lower layer %q because it does not exist. Going through storage to recreate the missing symlinks.", newpath)
+				if err := d.recreateSymlinks(); err != nil {
+					return "", fmt.Errorf("error recreating the missing symlinks: %v", err)
+				}
+				lower = newpath
+			} else if lower == "" {
 				return "", fmt.Errorf("Can't stat lower layer %q: %v", newpath, err)
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -796,7 +863,17 @@ func (d *Driver) get(id string, disableShifting bool, options graphdriver.MountO
 
 			mountProgram := exec.Command(d.options.mountProgram, "-o", label, target)
 			mountProgram.Dir = d.home
-			return mountProgram.Run()
+			var b bytes.Buffer
+			mountProgram.Stderr = &b
+			err := mountProgram.Run()
+			if err != nil {
+				output := b.String()
+				if output == "" {
+					output = "<stderr empty>"
+				}
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "using mount program %s: %s", d.options.mountProgram, output)
+			}
+			return nil
 		}
 	} else if len(mountData) > pageSize {
 		//FIXME: We need to figure out to get this to work with additional stores
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/vfs/driver.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/vfs/driver.go
index 5941ccc17..9e256858c 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/vfs/driver.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/vfs/driver.go
@@ -123,8 +123,13 @@ func (d *Driver) create(id, parent string, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts, ro bool
 		return fmt.Errorf("--storage-opt is not supported for vfs")
 	}
 
+	idMappings := d.idMappings
+	if opts != nil && opts.IDMappings != nil {
+		idMappings = opts.IDMappings
+	}
+
 	dir := d.dir(id)
-	rootIDs := d.idMappings.RootPair()
+	rootIDs := idMappings.RootPair()
 	if err := idtools.MkdirAllAndChown(filepath.Dir(dir), 0700, rootIDs); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/images_ffjson.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/images_ffjson.go
index 539acfe93..6b40ebd59 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/images_ffjson.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/images_ffjson.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by ffjson <https://github.com/pquerna/ffjson>. DO NOT EDIT.
-// source: ./images.go
+// source: images.go
 
 package storage
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/layers.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/layers.go
index 110e737b2..7bec0aea6 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/layers.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/layers.go
@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ func (r *layerStore) Put(id string, parentLayer *Layer, names []string, mountLab
 	opts := drivers.CreateOpts{
 		MountLabel: mountLabel,
 		StorageOpt: options,
+		IDMappings: idMappings,
 	}
 	if moreOptions.TemplateLayer != "" {
 		if err = r.driver.CreateFromTemplate(id, moreOptions.TemplateLayer, templateIDMappings, parent, parentMappings, &opts, writeable); err != nil {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile.go
index 3a1befcbe..ed8753337 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile.go
@@ -58,8 +58,17 @@ func GetROLockfile(path string) (Locker, error) {
 	return getLockfile(path, true)
 }
 
-// getLockfile is a helper for GetLockfile and GetROLockfile and returns Locker
-// based on the path and read-only property.
+// getLockfile returns a Locker object, possibly (depending on the platform)
+// working inter-process, and associated with the specified path.
+//
+// If ro, the lock is a read-write lock and the returned Locker should correspond to the
+// “lock for reading” (shared) operation; otherwise, the lock is either an exclusive lock,
+// or a read-write lock and Locker should correspond to the “lock for writing” (exclusive) operation.
+//
+// WARNING:
+// - The lock may or MAY NOT be inter-process.
+// - There may or MAY NOT be an actual object on the filesystem created for the specified path.
+// - Even if ro, the lock MAY be exclusive.
 func getLockfile(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
 	lockfilesLock.Lock()
 	defer lockfilesLock.Unlock()
@@ -79,7 +88,7 @@ func getLockfile(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
 		}
 		return locker, nil
 	}
-	locker, err := getLockFile(path, ro) // platform dependent locker
+	locker, err := createLockerForPath(path, ro) // platform-dependent locker
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_unix.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_unix.go
index a9dc64122..8e0f22cb5 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_unix.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_unix.go
@@ -13,18 +13,51 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-func getLockFile(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
-	var fd int
-	var err error
+type lockfile struct {
+	// rwMutex serializes concurrent reader-writer acquisitions in the same process space
+	rwMutex *sync.RWMutex
+	// stateMutex is used to synchronize concurrent accesses to the state below
+	stateMutex *sync.Mutex
+	counter    int64
+	file       string
+	fd         uintptr
+	lw         string
+	locktype   int16
+	locked     bool
+	ro         bool
+}
+
+// openLock opens the file at path and returns the corresponding file
+// descriptor.  Note that the path is opened read-only when ro is set.  If ro
+// is unset, openLock will open the path read-write and create the file if
+// necessary.
+func openLock(path string, ro bool) (int, error) {
 	if ro {
-		fd, err = unix.Open(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	} else {
-		fd, err = unix.Open(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, unix.S_IRUSR|unix.S_IWUSR)
+		return unix.Open(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
 	}
+	return unix.Open(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, unix.S_IRUSR|unix.S_IWUSR)
+}
+
+// createLockerForPath returns a Locker object, possibly (depending on the platform)
+// working inter-process and associated with the specified path.
+//
+// This function will be called at most once for each path value within a single process.
+//
+// If ro, the lock is a read-write lock and the returned Locker should correspond to the
+// “lock for reading” (shared) operation; otherwise, the lock is either an exclusive lock,
+// or a read-write lock and Locker should correspond to the “lock for writing” (exclusive) operation.
+//
+// WARNING:
+// - The lock may or MAY NOT be inter-process.
+// - There may or MAY NOT be an actual object on the filesystem created for the specified path.
+// - Even if ro, the lock MAY be exclusive.
+func createLockerForPath(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
+	// Check if we can open the lock.
+	fd, err := openLock(path, ro)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening %q", path)
 	}
-	unix.CloseOnExec(fd)
+	unix.Close(fd)
 
 	locktype := unix.F_WRLCK
 	if ro {
@@ -34,27 +67,12 @@ func getLockFile(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
 		stateMutex: &sync.Mutex{},
 		rwMutex:    &sync.RWMutex{},
 		file:       path,
-		fd:         uintptr(fd),
 		lw:         stringid.GenerateRandomID(),
 		locktype:   int16(locktype),
 		locked:     false,
 		ro:         ro}, nil
 }
 
-type lockfile struct {
-	// rwMutex serializes concurrent reader-writer acquisitions in the same process space
-	rwMutex *sync.RWMutex
-	// stateMutex is used to synchronize concurrent accesses to the state below
-	stateMutex *sync.Mutex
-	counter    int64
-	file       string
-	fd         uintptr
-	lw         string
-	locktype   int16
-	locked     bool
-	ro         bool
-}
-
 // lock locks the lockfile via FCTNL(2) based on the specified type and
 // command.
 func (l *lockfile) lock(l_type int16) {
@@ -63,7 +81,6 @@ func (l *lockfile) lock(l_type int16) {
 		Whence: int16(os.SEEK_SET),
 		Start:  0,
 		Len:    0,
-		Pid:    int32(os.Getpid()),
 	}
 	switch l_type {
 	case unix.F_RDLCK:
@@ -74,7 +91,16 @@ func (l *lockfile) lock(l_type int16) {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to acquire a file lock of unrecognized type %d", l_type))
 	}
 	l.stateMutex.Lock()
+	defer l.stateMutex.Unlock()
 	if l.counter == 0 {
+		// If we're the first reference on the lock, we need to open the file again.
+		fd, err := openLock(l.file, l.ro)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("error opening %q", l.file))
+		}
+		unix.CloseOnExec(fd)
+		l.fd = uintptr(fd)
+
 		// Optimization: only use the (expensive) fcntl syscall when
 		// the counter is 0.  In this case, we're either the first
 		// reader lock or a writer lock.
@@ -85,7 +111,6 @@ func (l *lockfile) lock(l_type int16) {
 	l.locktype = l_type
 	l.locked = true
 	l.counter++
-	l.stateMutex.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Lock locks the lockfile as a writer.  Note that RLock() will be called if
@@ -133,6 +158,8 @@ func (l *lockfile) Unlock() {
 		for unix.FcntlFlock(l.fd, unix.F_SETLKW, &lk) != nil {
 			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 		}
+		// Close the file descriptor on the last unlock.
+		unix.Close(int(l.fd))
 	}
 	if l.locktype == unix.F_RDLCK {
 		l.rwMutex.RUnlock()
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_windows.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_windows.go
index a3821bfeb..c02069495 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_windows.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/lockfile_windows.go
@@ -8,7 +8,20 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-func getLockFile(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
+// createLockerForPath returns a Locker object, possibly (depending on the platform)
+// working inter-process and associated with the specified path.
+//
+// This function will be called at most once for each path value within a single process.
+//
+// If ro, the lock is a read-write lock and the returned Locker should correspond to the
+// “lock for reading” (shared) operation; otherwise, the lock is either an exclusive lock,
+// or a read-write lock and Locker should correspond to the “lock for writing” (exclusive) operation.
+//
+// WARNING:
+// - The lock may or MAY NOT be inter-process.
+// - There may or MAY NOT be an actual object on the filesystem created for the specified path.
+// - Even if ro, the lock MAY be exclusive.
+func createLockerForPath(path string, ro bool) (Locker, error) {
 	return &lockfile{locked: false}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools/parser.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools/parser.go
index c56aa86a2..86f98f16e 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools/parser.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools/parser.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package idtools
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"math/bits"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -31,10 +33,11 @@ func parseTriple(spec []string) (container, host, size uint32, err error) {
 
 // ParseIDMap parses idmap triples from string.
 func ParseIDMap(mapSpec []string, mapSetting string) (idmap []IDMap, err error) {
+	stdErr := fmt.Errorf("error initializing ID mappings: %s setting is malformed", mapSetting)
 	for _, idMapSpec := range mapSpec {
 		idSpec := strings.Fields(strings.Map(nonDigitsToWhitespace, idMapSpec))
 		if len(idSpec)%3 != 0 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing ID mappings: %s setting is malformed", mapSetting)
+			return nil, stdErr
 		}
 		for i := range idSpec {
 			if i%3 != 0 {
@@ -42,7 +45,11 @@ func ParseIDMap(mapSpec []string, mapSetting string) (idmap []IDMap, err error)
 			}
 			cid, hid, size, err := parseTriple(idSpec[i : i+3])
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing ID mappings: %s setting is malformed", mapSetting)
+				return nil, stdErr
+			}
+			// Avoid possible integer overflow on 32bit builds
+			if bits.UintSize == 32 && (cid > math.MaxInt32 || hid > math.MaxInt32 || size > math.MaxInt32) {
+				return nil, stdErr
 			}
 			mapping := IDMap{
 				ContainerID: int(cid),
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/store.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/store.go
index 7e39e3959..27b00f6fe 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/store.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/store.go
@@ -460,6 +460,9 @@ type Store interface {
 	// Version returns version information, in the form of key-value pairs, from
 	// the storage package.
 	Version() ([][2]string, error)
+
+	// GetDigestLock returns digest-specific Locker.
+	GetDigestLock(digest.Digest) (Locker, error)
 }
 
 // IDMappingOptions are used for specifying how ID mapping should be set up for
@@ -529,6 +532,7 @@ type store struct {
 	imageStore      ImageStore
 	roImageStores   []ROImageStore
 	containerStore  ContainerStore
+	digestLockRoot  string
 }
 
 // GetStore attempts to find an already-created Store object matching the
@@ -698,9 +702,20 @@ func (s *store) load() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	s.containerStore = rcs
+
+	s.digestLockRoot = filepath.Join(s.runRoot, driverPrefix+"locks")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(s.digestLockRoot, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+// GetDigestLock returns a digest-specific Locker.
+func (s *store) GetDigestLock(d digest.Digest) (Locker, error) {
+	return GetLockfile(filepath.Join(s.digestLockRoot, d.String()))
+}
+
 func (s *store) getGraphDriver() (drivers.Driver, error) {
 	if s.graphDriver != nil {
 		return s.graphDriver, nil
@@ -1023,8 +1038,9 @@ func (s *store) imageTopLayerForMapping(image *Image, ristore ROImageStore, crea
 		return reflect.DeepEqual(layer.UIDMap, options.UIDMap) && reflect.DeepEqual(layer.GIDMap, options.GIDMap)
 	}
 	var layer, parentLayer *Layer
+	allStores := append([]ROLayerStore{rlstore}, lstores...)
 	// Locate the image's top layer and its parent, if it has one.
-	for _, s := range append([]ROLayerStore{rlstore}, lstores...) {
+	for _, s := range allStores {
 		store := s
 		if store != rlstore {
 			store.Lock()
@@ -1041,10 +1057,13 @@ func (s *store) imageTopLayerForMapping(image *Image, ristore ROImageStore, crea
 				// We want the layer's parent, too, if it has one.
 				var cParentLayer *Layer
 				if cLayer.Parent != "" {
-					// Its parent should be around here, somewhere.
-					if cParentLayer, err = store.Get(cLayer.Parent); err != nil {
-						// Nope, couldn't find it.  We're not going to be able
-						// to diff this one properly.
+					// Its parent should be in one of the stores, somewhere.
+					for _, ps := range allStores {
+						if cParentLayer, err = ps.Get(cLayer.Parent); err == nil {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if cParentLayer == nil {
 						continue
 					}
 				}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/utils.go b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/utils.go
index e74956c9e..6c9f163a3 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/utils.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/containers/storage/utils.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func GetRootlessRuntimeDir(rootlessUid int) (string, error) {
 	if runtimeDir == "" {
 		tmpDir := fmt.Sprintf("/run/user/%d", rootlessUid)
 		st, err := system.Stat(tmpDir)
-		if err == nil && int(st.UID()) == os.Getuid() && st.Mode() == 0700 {
+		if err == nil && int(st.UID()) == os.Getuid() && st.Mode()&0700 == 0700 && st.Mode()&0066 == 0000 {
 			return tmpDir, nil
 		}
 	}
@@ -158,6 +159,21 @@ func getTomlStorage(storeOptions *StoreOptions) *tomlConfig {
 	return config
 }
 
+func getRootlessUID() int {
+	uidEnv := os.Getenv("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID")
+	if uidEnv != "" {
+		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(uidEnv)
+		return u
+	}
+	return os.Geteuid()
+}
+
+// DefaultStoreOptionsAutoDetectUID returns the default storage ops for containers
+func DefaultStoreOptionsAutoDetectUID() (StoreOptions, error) {
+	uid := getRootlessUID()
+	return DefaultStoreOptions(uid != 0, uid)
+}
+
 // DefaultStoreOptions returns the default storage ops for containers
 func DefaultStoreOptions(rootless bool, rootlessUid int) (StoreOptions, error) {
 	var (
@@ -166,14 +182,14 @@ func DefaultStoreOptions(rootless bool, rootlessUid int) (StoreOptions, error) {
 		err                      error
 	)
 	storageOpts := defaultStoreOptions
-	if rootless {
+	if rootless && rootlessUid != 0 {
 		storageOpts, err = getRootlessStorageOpts(rootlessUid)
 		if err != nil {
 			return storageOpts, err
 		}
 	}
 
-	storageConf, err := DefaultConfigFile(rootless)
+	storageConf, err := DefaultConfigFile(rootless && rootlessUid != 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return storageOpts, err
 	}
@@ -188,7 +204,7 @@ func DefaultStoreOptions(rootless bool, rootlessUid int) (StoreOptions, error) {
 		return storageOpts, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot stat %s", storageConf)
 	}
 
-	if rootless {
+	if rootless && rootlessUid != 0 {
 		if err == nil {
 			// If the file did not specify a graphroot or runroot,
 			// set sane defaults so we don't try and use root-owned
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/LICENSE b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..004e77fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Ben Johnson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/README.md b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9989efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+bbolt
+=====
+
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt?style=flat-square)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt)
+[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/etcd-io/bbolt/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/etcd-io/bbolt)
+[![Build Status Travis](https://img.shields.io/travis/etcd-io/bboltlabs.svg?style=flat-square&&branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/etcd-io/bbolt)
+[![Godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/go-documentation-blue.svg?style=flat-square)](https://godoc.org/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt)
+[![Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/etcd-io/bbolt/all.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/releases)
+[![LICENSE](https://img.shields.io/github/license/etcd-io/bbolt.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/blob/master/LICENSE)
+
+bbolt is a fork of [Ben Johnson's][gh_ben] [Bolt][bolt] key/value
+store. The purpose of this fork is to provide the Go community with an active
+maintenance and development target for Bolt; the goal is improved reliability
+and stability. bbolt includes bug fixes, performance enhancements, and features
+not found in Bolt while preserving backwards compatibility with the Bolt API.
+
+Bolt is a pure Go key/value store inspired by [Howard Chu's][hyc_symas]
+[LMDB project][lmdb]. The goal of the project is to provide a simple,
+fast, and reliable database for projects that don't require a full database
+server such as Postgres or MySQL.
+
+Since Bolt is meant to be used as such a low-level piece of functionality,
+simplicity is key. The API will be small and only focus on getting values
+and setting values. That's it.
+
+[gh_ben]: https://github.com/benbjohnson
+[bolt]: https://github.com/boltdb/bolt
+[hyc_symas]: https://twitter.com/hyc_symas
+[lmdb]: http://symas.com/mdb/
+
+## Project Status
+
+Bolt is stable, the API is fixed, and the file format is fixed. Full unit
+test coverage and randomized black box testing are used to ensure database
+consistency and thread safety. Bolt is currently used in high-load production
+environments serving databases as large as 1TB. Many companies such as
+Shopify and Heroku use Bolt-backed services every day.
+
+## Project versioning
+
+bbolt uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org).
+API should not change between patch and minor releases.
+New minor versions may add additional features to the API.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+  - [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+    - [Installing](#installing)
+    - [Opening a database](#opening-a-database)
+    - [Transactions](#transactions)
+      - [Read-write transactions](#read-write-transactions)
+      - [Read-only transactions](#read-only-transactions)
+      - [Batch read-write transactions](#batch-read-write-transactions)
+      - [Managing transactions manually](#managing-transactions-manually)
+    - [Using buckets](#using-buckets)
+    - [Using key/value pairs](#using-keyvalue-pairs)
+    - [Autoincrementing integer for the bucket](#autoincrementing-integer-for-the-bucket)
+    - [Iterating over keys](#iterating-over-keys)
+      - [Prefix scans](#prefix-scans)
+      - [Range scans](#range-scans)
+      - [ForEach()](#foreach)
+    - [Nested buckets](#nested-buckets)
+    - [Database backups](#database-backups)
+    - [Statistics](#statistics)
+    - [Read-Only Mode](#read-only-mode)
+    - [Mobile Use (iOS/Android)](#mobile-use-iosandroid)
+  - [Resources](#resources)
+  - [Comparison with other databases](#comparison-with-other-databases)
+    - [Postgres, MySQL, & other relational databases](#postgres-mysql--other-relational-databases)
+    - [LevelDB, RocksDB](#leveldb-rocksdb)
+    - [LMDB](#lmdb)
+  - [Caveats & Limitations](#caveats--limitations)
+  - [Reading the Source](#reading-the-source)
+  - [Other Projects Using Bolt](#other-projects-using-bolt)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Installing
+
+To start using Bolt, install Go and run `go get`:
+
+```sh
+$ go get go.etcd.io/bbolt/...
+```
+
+This will retrieve the library and install the `bolt` command line utility into
+your `$GOBIN` path.
+
+
+### Importing bbolt
+
+To use bbolt as an embedded key-value store, import as:
+
+```go
+import bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+
+db, err := bolt.Open(path, 0666, nil)
+if err != nil {
+  return err
+}
+defer db.Close()
+```
+
+
+### Opening a database
+
+The top-level object in Bolt is a `DB`. It is represented as a single file on
+your disk and represents a consistent snapshot of your data.
+
+To open your database, simply use the `bolt.Open()` function:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+
+	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// Open the my.db data file in your current directory.
+	// It will be created if it doesn't exist.
+	db, err := bolt.Open("my.db", 0600, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	...
+}
+```
+
+Please note that Bolt obtains a file lock on the data file so multiple processes
+cannot open the same database at the same time. Opening an already open Bolt
+database will cause it to hang until the other process closes it. To prevent
+an indefinite wait you can pass a timeout option to the `Open()` function:
+
+```go
+db, err := bolt.Open("my.db", 0600, &bolt.Options{Timeout: 1 * time.Second})
+```
+
+
+### Transactions
+
+Bolt allows only one read-write transaction at a time but allows as many
+read-only transactions as you want at a time. Each transaction has a consistent
+view of the data as it existed when the transaction started.
+
+Individual transactions and all objects created from them (e.g. buckets, keys)
+are not thread safe. To work with data in multiple goroutines you must start
+a transaction for each one or use locking to ensure only one goroutine accesses
+a transaction at a time. Creating transaction from the `DB` is thread safe.
+
+Read-only transactions and read-write transactions should not depend on one
+another and generally shouldn't be opened simultaneously in the same goroutine.
+This can cause a deadlock as the read-write transaction needs to periodically
+re-map the data file but it cannot do so while a read-only transaction is open.
+
+
+#### Read-write transactions
+
+To start a read-write transaction, you can use the `DB.Update()` function:
+
+```go
+err := db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	...
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+Inside the closure, you have a consistent view of the database. You commit the
+transaction by returning `nil` at the end. You can also rollback the transaction
+at any point by returning an error. All database operations are allowed inside
+a read-write transaction.
+
+Always check the return error as it will report any disk failures that can cause
+your transaction to not complete. If you return an error within your closure
+it will be passed through.
+
+
+#### Read-only transactions
+
+To start a read-only transaction, you can use the `DB.View()` function:
+
+```go
+err := db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	...
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+You also get a consistent view of the database within this closure, however,
+no mutating operations are allowed within a read-only transaction. You can only
+retrieve buckets, retrieve values, and copy the database within a read-only
+transaction.
+
+
+#### Batch read-write transactions
+
+Each `DB.Update()` waits for disk to commit the writes. This overhead
+can be minimized by combining multiple updates with the `DB.Batch()`
+function:
+
+```go
+err := db.Batch(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	...
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+Concurrent Batch calls are opportunistically combined into larger
+transactions. Batch is only useful when there are multiple goroutines
+calling it.
+
+The trade-off is that `Batch` can call the given
+function multiple times, if parts of the transaction fail. The
+function must be idempotent and side effects must take effect only
+after a successful return from `DB.Batch()`.
+
+For example: don't display messages from inside the function, instead
+set variables in the enclosing scope:
+
+```go
+var id uint64
+err := db.Batch(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	// Find last key in bucket, decode as bigendian uint64, increment
+	// by one, encode back to []byte, and add new key.
+	...
+	id = newValue
+	return nil
+})
+if err != nil {
+	return ...
+}
+fmt.Println("Allocated ID %d", id)
+```
+
+
+#### Managing transactions manually
+
+The `DB.View()` and `DB.Update()` functions are wrappers around the `DB.Begin()`
+function. These helper functions will start the transaction, execute a function,
+and then safely close your transaction if an error is returned. This is the
+recommended way to use Bolt transactions.
+
+However, sometimes you may want to manually start and end your transactions.
+You can use the `DB.Begin()` function directly but **please** be sure to close
+the transaction.
+
+```go
+// Start a writable transaction.
+tx, err := db.Begin(true)
+if err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+defer tx.Rollback()
+
+// Use the transaction...
+_, err := tx.CreateBucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+if err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+
+// Commit the transaction and check for error.
+if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+```
+
+The first argument to `DB.Begin()` is a boolean stating if the transaction
+should be writable.
+
+
+### Using buckets
+
+Buckets are collections of key/value pairs within the database. All keys in a
+bucket must be unique. You can create a bucket using the `DB.CreateBucket()`
+function:
+
+```go
+db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	b, err := tx.CreateBucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create bucket: %s", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+You can also create a bucket only if it doesn't exist by using the
+`Tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists()` function. It's a common pattern to call this
+function for all your top-level buckets after you open your database so you can
+guarantee that they exist for future transactions.
+
+To delete a bucket, simply call the `Tx.DeleteBucket()` function.
+
+
+### Using key/value pairs
+
+To save a key/value pair to a bucket, use the `Bucket.Put()` function:
+
+```go
+db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	b := tx.Bucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+	err := b.Put([]byte("answer"), []byte("42"))
+	return err
+})
+```
+
+This will set the value of the `"answer"` key to `"42"` in the `MyBucket`
+bucket. To retrieve this value, we can use the `Bucket.Get()` function:
+
+```go
+db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	b := tx.Bucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+	v := b.Get([]byte("answer"))
+	fmt.Printf("The answer is: %s\n", v)
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+The `Get()` function does not return an error because its operation is
+guaranteed to work (unless there is some kind of system failure). If the key
+exists then it will return its byte slice value. If it doesn't exist then it
+will return `nil`. It's important to note that you can have a zero-length value
+set to a key which is different than the key not existing.
+
+Use the `Bucket.Delete()` function to delete a key from the bucket.
+
+Please note that values returned from `Get()` are only valid while the
+transaction is open. If you need to use a value outside of the transaction
+then you must use `copy()` to copy it to another byte slice.
+
+
+### Autoincrementing integer for the bucket
+By using the `NextSequence()` function, you can let Bolt determine a sequence
+which can be used as the unique identifier for your key/value pairs. See the
+example below.
+
+```go
+// CreateUser saves u to the store. The new user ID is set on u once the data is persisted.
+func (s *Store) CreateUser(u *User) error {
+    return s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+        // Retrieve the users bucket.
+        // This should be created when the DB is first opened.
+        b := tx.Bucket([]byte("users"))
+
+        // Generate ID for the user.
+        // This returns an error only if the Tx is closed or not writeable.
+        // That can't happen in an Update() call so I ignore the error check.
+        id, _ := b.NextSequence()
+        u.ID = int(id)
+
+        // Marshal user data into bytes.
+        buf, err := json.Marshal(u)
+        if err != nil {
+            return err
+        }
+
+        // Persist bytes to users bucket.
+        return b.Put(itob(u.ID), buf)
+    })
+}
+
+// itob returns an 8-byte big endian representation of v.
+func itob(v int) []byte {
+    b := make([]byte, 8)
+    binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b, uint64(v))
+    return b
+}
+
+type User struct {
+    ID int
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+### Iterating over keys
+
+Bolt stores its keys in byte-sorted order within a bucket. This makes sequential
+iteration over these keys extremely fast. To iterate over keys we'll use a
+`Cursor`:
+
+```go
+db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	// Assume bucket exists and has keys
+	b := tx.Bucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+
+	c := b.Cursor()
+
+	for k, v := c.First(); k != nil; k, v = c.Next() {
+		fmt.Printf("key=%s, value=%s\n", k, v)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+The cursor allows you to move to a specific point in the list of keys and move
+forward or backward through the keys one at a time.
+
+The following functions are available on the cursor:
+
+```
+First()  Move to the first key.
+Last()   Move to the last key.
+Seek()   Move to a specific key.
+Next()   Move to the next key.
+Prev()   Move to the previous key.
+```
+
+Each of those functions has a return signature of `(key []byte, value []byte)`.
+When you have iterated to the end of the cursor then `Next()` will return a
+`nil` key.  You must seek to a position using `First()`, `Last()`, or `Seek()`
+before calling `Next()` or `Prev()`. If you do not seek to a position then
+these functions will return a `nil` key.
+
+During iteration, if the key is non-`nil` but the value is `nil`, that means
+the key refers to a bucket rather than a value.  Use `Bucket.Bucket()` to
+access the sub-bucket.
+
+
+#### Prefix scans
+
+To iterate over a key prefix, you can combine `Seek()` and `bytes.HasPrefix()`:
+
+```go
+db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	// Assume bucket exists and has keys
+	c := tx.Bucket([]byte("MyBucket")).Cursor()
+
+	prefix := []byte("1234")
+	for k, v := c.Seek(prefix); k != nil && bytes.HasPrefix(k, prefix); k, v = c.Next() {
+		fmt.Printf("key=%s, value=%s\n", k, v)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+#### Range scans
+
+Another common use case is scanning over a range such as a time range. If you
+use a sortable time encoding such as RFC3339 then you can query a specific
+date range like this:
+
+```go
+db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	// Assume our events bucket exists and has RFC3339 encoded time keys.
+	c := tx.Bucket([]byte("Events")).Cursor()
+
+	// Our time range spans the 90's decade.
+	min := []byte("1990-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+	max := []byte("2000-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+
+	// Iterate over the 90's.
+	for k, v := c.Seek(min); k != nil && bytes.Compare(k, max) <= 0; k, v = c.Next() {
+		fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n", k, v)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+Note that, while RFC3339 is sortable, the Golang implementation of RFC3339Nano does not use a fixed number of digits after the decimal point and is therefore not sortable.
+
+
+#### ForEach()
+
+You can also use the function `ForEach()` if you know you'll be iterating over
+all the keys in a bucket:
+
+```go
+db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	// Assume bucket exists and has keys
+	b := tx.Bucket([]byte("MyBucket"))
+
+	b.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error {
+		fmt.Printf("key=%s, value=%s\n", k, v)
+		return nil
+	})
+	return nil
+})
+```
+
+Please note that keys and values in `ForEach()` are only valid while
+the transaction is open. If you need to use a key or value outside of
+the transaction, you must use `copy()` to copy it to another byte
+slice.
+
+### Nested buckets
+
+You can also store a bucket in a key to create nested buckets. The API is the
+same as the bucket management API on the `DB` object:
+
+```go
+func (*Bucket) CreateBucket(key []byte) (*Bucket, error)
+func (*Bucket) CreateBucketIfNotExists(key []byte) (*Bucket, error)
+func (*Bucket) DeleteBucket(key []byte) error
+```
+
+Say you had a multi-tenant application where the root level bucket was the account bucket. Inside of this bucket was a sequence of accounts which themselves are buckets. And inside the sequence bucket you could have many buckets pertaining to the Account itself (Users, Notes, etc) isolating the information into logical groupings.
+
+```go
+
+// createUser creates a new user in the given account.
+func createUser(accountID int, u *User) error {
+    // Start the transaction.
+    tx, err := db.Begin(true)
+    if err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    defer tx.Rollback()
+
+    // Retrieve the root bucket for the account.
+    // Assume this has already been created when the account was set up.
+    root := tx.Bucket([]byte(strconv.FormatUint(accountID, 10)))
+
+    // Setup the users bucket.
+    bkt, err := root.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte("USERS"))
+    if err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+
+    // Generate an ID for the new user.
+    userID, err := bkt.NextSequence()
+    if err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    u.ID = userID
+
+    // Marshal and save the encoded user.
+    if buf, err := json.Marshal(u); err != nil {
+        return err
+    } else if err := bkt.Put([]byte(strconv.FormatUint(u.ID, 10)), buf); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+
+    // Commit the transaction.
+    if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+
+    return nil
+}
+
+```
+
+
+
+
+### Database backups
+
+Bolt is a single file so it's easy to backup. You can use the `Tx.WriteTo()`
+function to write a consistent view of the database to a writer. If you call
+this from a read-only transaction, it will perform a hot backup and not block
+your other database reads and writes.
+
+By default, it will use a regular file handle which will utilize the operating
+system's page cache. See the [`Tx`](https://godoc.org/go.etcd.io/bbolt#Tx)
+documentation for information about optimizing for larger-than-RAM datasets.
+
+One common use case is to backup over HTTP so you can use tools like `cURL` to
+do database backups:
+
+```go
+func BackupHandleFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	err := db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename="my.db"`)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(tx.Size())))
+		_, err := tx.WriteTo(w)
+		return err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
+```
+
+Then you can backup using this command:
+
+```sh
+$ curl http://localhost/backup > my.db
+```
+
+Or you can open your browser to `http://localhost/backup` and it will download
+automatically.
+
+If you want to backup to another file you can use the `Tx.CopyFile()` helper
+function.
+
+
+### Statistics
+
+The database keeps a running count of many of the internal operations it
+performs so you can better understand what's going on. By grabbing a snapshot
+of these stats at two points in time we can see what operations were performed
+in that time range.
+
+For example, we could start a goroutine to log stats every 10 seconds:
+
+```go
+go func() {
+	// Grab the initial stats.
+	prev := db.Stats()
+
+	for {
+		// Wait for 10s.
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
+
+		// Grab the current stats and diff them.
+		stats := db.Stats()
+		diff := stats.Sub(&prev)
+
+		// Encode stats to JSON and print to STDERR.
+		json.NewEncoder(os.Stderr).Encode(diff)
+
+		// Save stats for the next loop.
+		prev = stats
+	}
+}()
+```
+
+It's also useful to pipe these stats to a service such as statsd for monitoring
+or to provide an HTTP endpoint that will perform a fixed-length sample.
+
+
+### Read-Only Mode
+
+Sometimes it is useful to create a shared, read-only Bolt database. To this,
+set the `Options.ReadOnly` flag when opening your database. Read-only mode
+uses a shared lock to allow multiple processes to read from the database but
+it will block any processes from opening the database in read-write mode.
+
+```go
+db, err := bolt.Open("my.db", 0666, &bolt.Options{ReadOnly: true})
+if err != nil {
+	log.Fatal(err)
+}
+```
+
+### Mobile Use (iOS/Android)
+
+Bolt is able to run on mobile devices by leveraging the binding feature of the
+[gomobile](https://github.com/golang/mobile) tool. Create a struct that will
+contain your database logic and a reference to a `*bolt.DB` with a initializing
+constructor that takes in a filepath where the database file will be stored.
+Neither Android nor iOS require extra permissions or cleanup from using this method.
+
+```go
+func NewBoltDB(filepath string) *BoltDB {
+	db, err := bolt.Open(filepath+"/demo.db", 0600, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return &BoltDB{db}
+}
+
+type BoltDB struct {
+	db *bolt.DB
+	...
+}
+
+func (b *BoltDB) Path() string {
+	return b.db.Path()
+}
+
+func (b *BoltDB) Close() {
+	b.db.Close()
+}
+```
+
+Database logic should be defined as methods on this wrapper struct.
+
+To initialize this struct from the native language (both platforms now sync
+their local storage to the cloud. These snippets disable that functionality for the
+database file):
+
+#### Android
+
+```java
+String path;
+if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP){
+    path = getNoBackupFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
+} else{
+    path = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
+}
+Boltmobiledemo.BoltDB boltDB = Boltmobiledemo.NewBoltDB(path)
+```
+
+#### iOS
+
+```objc
+- (void)demo {
+    NSString* path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory,
+                                                          NSUserDomainMask,
+                                                          YES) objectAtIndex:0];
+	GoBoltmobiledemoBoltDB * demo = GoBoltmobiledemoNewBoltDB(path);
+	[self addSkipBackupAttributeToItemAtPath:demo.path];
+	//Some DB Logic would go here
+	[demo close];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)addSkipBackupAttributeToItemAtPath:(NSString *) filePathString
+{
+    NSURL* URL= [NSURL fileURLWithPath: filePathString];
+    assert([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath: [URL path]]);
+
+    NSError *error = nil;
+    BOOL success = [URL setResourceValue: [NSNumber numberWithBool: YES]
+                                  forKey: NSURLIsExcludedFromBackupKey error: &error];
+    if(!success){
+        NSLog(@"Error excluding %@ from backup %@", [URL lastPathComponent], error);
+    }
+    return success;
+}
+
+```
+
+## Resources
+
+For more information on getting started with Bolt, check out the following articles:
+
+* [Intro to BoltDB: Painless Performant Persistence](http://npf.io/2014/07/intro-to-boltdb-painless-performant-persistence/) by [Nate Finch](https://github.com/natefinch).
+* [Bolt -- an embedded key/value database for Go](https://www.progville.com/go/bolt-embedded-db-golang/) by Progville
+
+
+## Comparison with other databases
+
+### Postgres, MySQL, & other relational databases
+
+Relational databases structure data into rows and are only accessible through
+the use of SQL. This approach provides flexibility in how you store and query
+your data but also incurs overhead in parsing and planning SQL statements. Bolt
+accesses all data by a byte slice key. This makes Bolt fast to read and write
+data by key but provides no built-in support for joining values together.
+
+Most relational databases (with the exception of SQLite) are standalone servers
+that run separately from your application. This gives your systems
+flexibility to connect multiple application servers to a single database
+server but also adds overhead in serializing and transporting data over the
+network. Bolt runs as a library included in your application so all data access
+has to go through your application's process. This brings data closer to your
+application but limits multi-process access to the data.
+
+
+### LevelDB, RocksDB
+
+LevelDB and its derivatives (RocksDB, HyperLevelDB) are similar to Bolt in that
+they are libraries bundled into the application, however, their underlying
+structure is a log-structured merge-tree (LSM tree). An LSM tree optimizes
+random writes by using a write ahead log and multi-tiered, sorted files called
+SSTables. Bolt uses a B+tree internally and only a single file. Both approaches
+have trade-offs.
+
+If you require a high random write throughput (>10,000 w/sec) or you need to use
+spinning disks then LevelDB could be a good choice. If your application is
+read-heavy or does a lot of range scans then Bolt could be a good choice.
+
+One other important consideration is that LevelDB does not have transactions.
+It supports batch writing of key/values pairs and it supports read snapshots
+but it will not give you the ability to do a compare-and-swap operation safely.
+Bolt supports fully serializable ACID transactions.
+
+
+### LMDB
+
+Bolt was originally a port of LMDB so it is architecturally similar. Both use
+a B+tree, have ACID semantics with fully serializable transactions, and support
+lock-free MVCC using a single writer and multiple readers.
+
+The two projects have somewhat diverged. LMDB heavily focuses on raw performance
+while Bolt has focused on simplicity and ease of use. For example, LMDB allows
+several unsafe actions such as direct writes for the sake of performance. Bolt
+opts to disallow actions which can leave the database in a corrupted state. The
+only exception to this in Bolt is `DB.NoSync`.
+
+There are also a few differences in API. LMDB requires a maximum mmap size when
+opening an `mdb_env` whereas Bolt will handle incremental mmap resizing
+automatically. LMDB overloads the getter and setter functions with multiple
+flags whereas Bolt splits these specialized cases into their own functions.
+
+
+## Caveats & Limitations
+
+It's important to pick the right tool for the job and Bolt is no exception.
+Here are a few things to note when evaluating and using Bolt:
+
+* Bolt is good for read intensive workloads. Sequential write performance is
+  also fast but random writes can be slow. You can use `DB.Batch()` or add a
+  write-ahead log to help mitigate this issue.
+
+* Bolt uses a B+tree internally so there can be a lot of random page access.
+  SSDs provide a significant performance boost over spinning disks.
+
+* Try to avoid long running read transactions. Bolt uses copy-on-write so
+  old pages cannot be reclaimed while an old transaction is using them.
+
+* Byte slices returned from Bolt are only valid during a transaction. Once the
+  transaction has been committed or rolled back then the memory they point to
+  can be reused by a new page or can be unmapped from virtual memory and you'll
+  see an `unexpected fault address` panic when accessing it.
+
+* Bolt uses an exclusive write lock on the database file so it cannot be
+  shared by multiple processes.
+
+* Be careful when using `Bucket.FillPercent`. Setting a high fill percent for
+  buckets that have random inserts will cause your database to have very poor
+  page utilization.
+
+* Use larger buckets in general. Smaller buckets causes poor page utilization
+  once they become larger than the page size (typically 4KB).
+
+* Bulk loading a lot of random writes into a new bucket can be slow as the
+  page will not split until the transaction is committed. Randomly inserting
+  more than 100,000 key/value pairs into a single new bucket in a single
+  transaction is not advised.
+
+* Bolt uses a memory-mapped file so the underlying operating system handles the
+  caching of the data. Typically, the OS will cache as much of the file as it
+  can in memory and will release memory as needed to other processes. This means
+  that Bolt can show very high memory usage when working with large databases.
+  However, this is expected and the OS will release memory as needed. Bolt can
+  handle databases much larger than the available physical RAM, provided its
+  memory-map fits in the process virtual address space. It may be problematic
+  on 32-bits systems.
+
+* The data structures in the Bolt database are memory mapped so the data file
+  will be endian specific. This means that you cannot copy a Bolt file from a
+  little endian machine to a big endian machine and have it work. For most
+  users this is not a concern since most modern CPUs are little endian.
+
+* Because of the way pages are laid out on disk, Bolt cannot truncate data files
+  and return free pages back to the disk. Instead, Bolt maintains a free list
+  of unused pages within its data file. These free pages can be reused by later
+  transactions. This works well for many use cases as databases generally tend
+  to grow. However, it's important to note that deleting large chunks of data
+  will not allow you to reclaim that space on disk.
+
+  For more information on page allocation, [see this comment][page-allocation].
+
+[page-allocation]: https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/issues/308#issuecomment-74811638
+
+
+## Reading the Source
+
+Bolt is a relatively small code base (<5KLOC) for an embedded, serializable,
+transactional key/value database so it can be a good starting point for people
+interested in how databases work.
+
+The best places to start are the main entry points into Bolt:
+
+- `Open()` - Initializes the reference to the database. It's responsible for
+  creating the database if it doesn't exist, obtaining an exclusive lock on the
+  file, reading the meta pages, & memory-mapping the file.
+
+- `DB.Begin()` - Starts a read-only or read-write transaction depending on the
+  value of the `writable` argument. This requires briefly obtaining the "meta"
+  lock to keep track of open transactions. Only one read-write transaction can
+  exist at a time so the "rwlock" is acquired during the life of a read-write
+  transaction.
+
+- `Bucket.Put()` - Writes a key/value pair into a bucket. After validating the
+  arguments, a cursor is used to traverse the B+tree to the page and position
+  where they key & value will be written. Once the position is found, the bucket
+  materializes the underlying page and the page's parent pages into memory as
+  "nodes". These nodes are where mutations occur during read-write transactions.
+  These changes get flushed to disk during commit.
+
+- `Bucket.Get()` - Retrieves a key/value pair from a bucket. This uses a cursor
+  to move to the page & position of a key/value pair. During a read-only
+  transaction, the key and value data is returned as a direct reference to the
+  underlying mmap file so there's no allocation overhead. For read-write
+  transactions, this data may reference the mmap file or one of the in-memory
+  node values.
+
+- `Cursor` - This object is simply for traversing the B+tree of on-disk pages
+  or in-memory nodes. It can seek to a specific key, move to the first or last
+  value, or it can move forward or backward. The cursor handles the movement up
+  and down the B+tree transparently to the end user.
+
+- `Tx.Commit()` - Converts the in-memory dirty nodes and the list of free pages
+  into pages to be written to disk. Writing to disk then occurs in two phases.
+  First, the dirty pages are written to disk and an `fsync()` occurs. Second, a
+  new meta page with an incremented transaction ID is written and another
+  `fsync()` occurs. This two phase write ensures that partially written data
+  pages are ignored in the event of a crash since the meta page pointing to them
+  is never written. Partially written meta pages are invalidated because they
+  are written with a checksum.
+
+If you have additional notes that could be helpful for others, please submit
+them via pull request.
+
+
+## Other Projects Using Bolt
+
+Below is a list of public, open source projects that use Bolt:
+
+* [Algernon](https://github.com/xyproto/algernon) - A HTTP/2 web server with built-in support for Lua. Uses BoltDB as the default database backend.
+* [Bazil](https://bazil.org/) - A file system that lets your data reside where it is most convenient for it to reside.
+* [bolter](https://github.com/hasit/bolter) - Command-line app for viewing BoltDB file in your terminal.
+* [boltcli](https://github.com/spacewander/boltcli) - the redis-cli for boltdb with Lua script support.
+* [BoltHold](https://github.com/timshannon/bolthold) - An embeddable NoSQL store for Go types built on BoltDB
+* [BoltStore](https://github.com/yosssi/boltstore) - Session store using Bolt.
+* [Boltdb Boilerplate](https://github.com/bobintornado/boltdb-boilerplate) - Boilerplate wrapper around bolt aiming to make simple calls one-liners.
+* [BoltDbWeb](https://github.com/evnix/boltdbweb) - A web based GUI for BoltDB files.
+* [bleve](http://www.blevesearch.com/) - A pure Go search engine similar to ElasticSearch that uses Bolt as the default storage backend.
+* [btcwallet](https://github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet) - A bitcoin wallet.
+* [buckets](https://github.com/joyrexus/buckets) - a bolt wrapper streamlining
+  simple tx and key scans.
+* [cayley](https://github.com/google/cayley) - Cayley is an open-source graph database using Bolt as optional backend.
+* [ChainStore](https://github.com/pressly/chainstore) - Simple key-value interface to a variety of storage engines organized as a chain of operations.
+* [Consul](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul) - Consul is service discovery and configuration made easy. Distributed, highly available, and datacenter-aware.
+* [DVID](https://github.com/janelia-flyem/dvid) - Added Bolt as optional storage engine and testing it against Basho-tuned leveldb.
+* [dcrwallet](https://github.com/decred/dcrwallet) - A wallet for the Decred cryptocurrency.
+* [drive](https://github.com/odeke-em/drive) - drive is an unofficial Google Drive command line client for \*NIX operating systems.
+* [event-shuttle](https://github.com/sclasen/event-shuttle) - A Unix system service to collect and reliably deliver messages to Kafka.
+* [Freehold](http://tshannon.bitbucket.org/freehold/) - An open, secure, and lightweight platform for your files and data.
+* [Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/) - Go code quality report cards as a (free and open source) service.
+* [GoWebApp](https://github.com/josephspurrier/gowebapp) - A basic MVC web application in Go using BoltDB.
+* [GoShort](https://github.com/pankajkhairnar/goShort) - GoShort is a URL shortener written in Golang and BoltDB for persistent key/value storage and for routing it's using high performent HTTPRouter.
+* [gopherpit](https://github.com/gopherpit/gopherpit) - A web service to manage Go remote import paths with custom domains
+* [Gitchain](https://github.com/gitchain/gitchain) - Decentralized, peer-to-peer Git repositories aka "Git meets Bitcoin".
+* [InfluxDB](https://influxdata.com) - Scalable datastore for metrics, events, and real-time analytics.
+* [ipLocator](https://github.com/AndreasBriese/ipLocator) - A fast ip-geo-location-server using bolt with bloom filters.
+* [ipxed](https://github.com/kelseyhightower/ipxed) - Web interface and api for ipxed.
+* [Ironsmith](https://github.com/timshannon/ironsmith) - A simple, script-driven continuous integration (build - > test -> release) tool, with no external dependencies
+* [Kala](https://github.com/ajvb/kala) - Kala is a modern job scheduler optimized to run on a single node. It is persistent, JSON over HTTP API, ISO 8601 duration notation, and dependent jobs.
+* [Key Value Access Langusge (KVAL)](https://github.com/kval-access-language) - A proposed grammar for key-value datastores offering a bbolt binding.
+* [LedisDB](https://github.com/siddontang/ledisdb) - A high performance NoSQL, using Bolt as optional storage.
+* [lru](https://github.com/crowdriff/lru) - Easy to use Bolt-backed Least-Recently-Used (LRU) read-through cache with chainable remote stores.
+* [mbuckets](https://github.com/abhigupta912/mbuckets) - A Bolt wrapper that allows easy operations on multi level (nested) buckets.
+* [MetricBase](https://github.com/msiebuhr/MetricBase) - Single-binary version of Graphite.
+* [MuLiFS](https://github.com/dankomiocevic/mulifs) - Music Library Filesystem creates a filesystem to organise your music files.
+* [Operation Go: A Routine Mission](http://gocode.io) - An online programming game for Golang using Bolt for user accounts and a leaderboard.
+* [photosite/session](https://godoc.org/bitbucket.org/kardianos/photosite/session) - Sessions for a photo viewing site.
+* [Prometheus Annotation Server](https://github.com/oliver006/prom_annotation_server) - Annotation server for PromDash & Prometheus service monitoring system.
+* [reef-pi](https://github.com/reef-pi/reef-pi) - reef-pi is an award winning, modular, DIY reef tank controller using easy to learn electronics based on a Raspberry Pi.
+* [Request Baskets](https://github.com/darklynx/request-baskets) - A web service to collect arbitrary HTTP requests and inspect them via REST API or simple web UI, similar to [RequestBin](http://requestb.in/) service
+* [Seaweed File System](https://github.com/chrislusf/seaweedfs) - Highly scalable distributed key~file system with O(1) disk read.
+* [stow](https://github.com/djherbis/stow) -  a persistence manager for objects
+  backed by boltdb.
+* [Storm](https://github.com/asdine/storm) - Simple and powerful ORM for BoltDB.
+* [SimpleBolt](https://github.com/xyproto/simplebolt) - A simple way to use BoltDB. Deals mainly with strings.
+* [Skybox Analytics](https://github.com/skybox/skybox) - A standalone funnel analysis tool for web analytics.
+* [Scuttlebutt](https://github.com/benbjohnson/scuttlebutt) - Uses Bolt to store and process all Twitter mentions of GitHub projects.
+* [tentacool](https://github.com/optiflows/tentacool) - REST api server to manage system stuff (IP, DNS, Gateway...) on a linux server.
+* [torrent](https://github.com/anacrolix/torrent) - Full-featured BitTorrent client package and utilities in Go. BoltDB is a storage backend in development.
+* [Wiki](https://github.com/peterhellberg/wiki) - A tiny wiki using Goji, BoltDB and Blackfriday.
+
+If you are using Bolt in a project please send a pull request to add it to the list.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_386.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_386.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d35ee7cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_386.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0x7FFFFFFF // 2GB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0xFFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_amd64.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_amd64.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60a52dad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_amd64.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF // 256TB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..105d27ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0x7FFFFFFF // 2GB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0xFFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned bool
+
+func init() {
+	// Simple check to see whether this arch handles unaligned load/stores
+	// correctly.
+
+	// ARM9 and older devices require load/stores to be from/to aligned
+	// addresses. If not, the lower 2 bits are cleared and that address is
+	// read in a jumbled up order.
+
+	// See http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.faqs/ka15414.html
+
+	raw := [6]byte{0xfe, 0xef, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x11}
+	val := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&raw)) + 2))
+
+	brokenUnaligned = val != 0x11222211
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm64.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm64.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5aa2a5ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_arm64.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build arm64
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF // 256TB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_linux.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7707bcacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// fdatasync flushes written data to a file descriptor.
+func fdatasync(db *DB) error {
+	return syscall.Fdatasync(int(db.file.Fd()))
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mips64x.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mips64x.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baeb289fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mips64x.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build mips64 mips64le
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0x8000000000 // 512GB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mipsx.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mipsx.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d9b1a91f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_mipsx.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build mips mipsle
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0x40000000 // 1GB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0xFFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_openbsd.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_openbsd.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7f50358e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_openbsd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	msAsync      = 1 << iota // perform asynchronous writes
+	msSync                   // perform synchronous writes
+	msInvalidate             // invalidate cached data
+)
+
+func msync(db *DB) error {
+	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_MSYNC, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(db.data)), uintptr(db.datasz), msInvalidate)
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return errno
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func fdatasync(db *DB) error {
+	if db.data != nil {
+		return msync(db)
+	}
+	return db.file.Sync()
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69804714a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build ppc
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0x7FFFFFFF // 2GB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0xFFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..356590857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build ppc64
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF // 256TB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64le.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64le.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..422c7c69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_ppc64le.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build ppc64le
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF // 256TB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_s390x.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_s390x.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d3fcb825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_s390x.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build s390x
+
+package bbolt
+
+// maxMapSize represents the largest mmap size supported by Bolt.
+const maxMapSize = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF // 256TB
+
+// maxAllocSize is the size used when creating array pointers.
+const maxAllocSize = 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+// Are unaligned load/stores broken on this arch?
+var brokenUnaligned = false
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f2bb5145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// +build !windows,!plan9,!solaris
+
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// flock acquires an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func flock(db *DB, exclusive bool, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	var t time.Time
+	if timeout != 0 {
+		t = time.Now()
+	}
+	fd := db.file.Fd()
+	flag := syscall.LOCK_NB
+	if exclusive {
+		flag |= syscall.LOCK_EX
+	} else {
+		flag |= syscall.LOCK_SH
+	}
+	for {
+		// Attempt to obtain an exclusive lock.
+		err := syscall.Flock(int(fd), flag)
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		} else if err != syscall.EWOULDBLOCK {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// If we timed out then return an error.
+		if timeout != 0 && time.Since(t) > timeout-flockRetryTimeout {
+			return ErrTimeout
+		}
+
+		// Wait for a bit and try again.
+		time.Sleep(flockRetryTimeout)
+	}
+}
+
+// funlock releases an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func funlock(db *DB) error {
+	return syscall.Flock(int(db.file.Fd()), syscall.LOCK_UN)
+}
+
+// mmap memory maps a DB's data file.
+func mmap(db *DB, sz int) error {
+	// Map the data file to memory.
+	b, err := syscall.Mmap(int(db.file.Fd()), 0, sz, syscall.PROT_READ, syscall.MAP_SHARED|db.MmapFlags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Advise the kernel that the mmap is accessed randomly.
+	err = madvise(b, syscall.MADV_RANDOM)
+	if err != nil && err != syscall.ENOSYS {
+		// Ignore not implemented error in kernel because it still works.
+		return fmt.Errorf("madvise: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Save the original byte slice and convert to a byte array pointer.
+	db.dataref = b
+	db.data = (*[maxMapSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]))
+	db.datasz = sz
+	return nil
+}
+
+// munmap unmaps a DB's data file from memory.
+func munmap(db *DB) error {
+	// Ignore the unmap if we have no mapped data.
+	if db.dataref == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Unmap using the original byte slice.
+	err := syscall.Munmap(db.dataref)
+	db.dataref = nil
+	db.data = nil
+	db.datasz = 0
+	return err
+}
+
+// NOTE: This function is copied from stdlib because it is not available on darwin.
+func madvise(b []byte, advice int) (err error) {
+	_, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_MADVISE, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])), uintptr(len(b)), uintptr(advice))
+	if e1 != 0 {
+		err = e1
+	}
+	return
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix_solaris.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix_solaris.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..babad6578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_unix_solaris.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// flock acquires an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func flock(db *DB, exclusive bool, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	var t time.Time
+	if timeout != 0 {
+		t = time.Now()
+	}
+	fd := db.file.Fd()
+	var lockType int16
+	if exclusive {
+		lockType = syscall.F_WRLCK
+	} else {
+		lockType = syscall.F_RDLCK
+	}
+	for {
+		// Attempt to obtain an exclusive lock.
+		lock := syscall.Flock_t{Type: lockType}
+		err := syscall.FcntlFlock(fd, syscall.F_SETLK, &lock)
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		} else if err != syscall.EAGAIN {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// If we timed out then return an error.
+		if timeout != 0 && time.Since(t) > timeout-flockRetryTimeout {
+			return ErrTimeout
+		}
+
+		// Wait for a bit and try again.
+		time.Sleep(flockRetryTimeout)
+	}
+}
+
+// funlock releases an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func funlock(db *DB) error {
+	var lock syscall.Flock_t
+	lock.Start = 0
+	lock.Len = 0
+	lock.Type = syscall.F_UNLCK
+	lock.Whence = 0
+	return syscall.FcntlFlock(uintptr(db.file.Fd()), syscall.F_SETLK, &lock)
+}
+
+// mmap memory maps a DB's data file.
+func mmap(db *DB, sz int) error {
+	// Map the data file to memory.
+	b, err := unix.Mmap(int(db.file.Fd()), 0, sz, syscall.PROT_READ, syscall.MAP_SHARED|db.MmapFlags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Advise the kernel that the mmap is accessed randomly.
+	if err := unix.Madvise(b, syscall.MADV_RANDOM); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("madvise: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Save the original byte slice and convert to a byte array pointer.
+	db.dataref = b
+	db.data = (*[maxMapSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]))
+	db.datasz = sz
+	return nil
+}
+
+// munmap unmaps a DB's data file from memory.
+func munmap(db *DB) error {
+	// Ignore the unmap if we have no mapped data.
+	if db.dataref == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Unmap using the original byte slice.
+	err := unix.Munmap(db.dataref)
+	db.dataref = nil
+	db.data = nil
+	db.datasz = 0
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_windows.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fca178bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bolt_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// LockFileEx code derived from golang build filemutex_windows.go @ v1.5.1
+var (
+	modkernel32      = syscall.NewLazyDLL("kernel32.dll")
+	procLockFileEx   = modkernel32.NewProc("LockFileEx")
+	procUnlockFileEx = modkernel32.NewProc("UnlockFileEx")
+)
+
+const (
+	// see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365203(v=vs.85).aspx
+	flagLockExclusive       = 2
+	flagLockFailImmediately = 1
+
+	// see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681382(v=vs.85).aspx
+	errLockViolation syscall.Errno = 0x21
+)
+
+func lockFileEx(h syscall.Handle, flags, reserved, locklow, lockhigh uint32, ol *syscall.Overlapped) (err error) {
+	r, _, err := procLockFileEx.Call(uintptr(h), uintptr(flags), uintptr(reserved), uintptr(locklow), uintptr(lockhigh), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(ol)))
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func unlockFileEx(h syscall.Handle, reserved, locklow, lockhigh uint32, ol *syscall.Overlapped) (err error) {
+	r, _, err := procUnlockFileEx.Call(uintptr(h), uintptr(reserved), uintptr(locklow), uintptr(lockhigh), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(ol)), 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fdatasync flushes written data to a file descriptor.
+func fdatasync(db *DB) error {
+	return db.file.Sync()
+}
+
+// flock acquires an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func flock(db *DB, exclusive bool, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	var t time.Time
+	if timeout != 0 {
+		t = time.Now()
+	}
+	var flag uint32 = flagLockFailImmediately
+	if exclusive {
+		flag |= flagLockExclusive
+	}
+	for {
+		// Fix for https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/issues/121. Use byte-range
+		// -1..0 as the lock on the database file.
+		var m1 uint32 = (1 << 32) - 1 // -1 in a uint32
+		err := lockFileEx(syscall.Handle(db.file.Fd()), flag, 0, 1, 0, &syscall.Overlapped{
+			Offset:     m1,
+			OffsetHigh: m1,
+		})
+
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		} else if err != errLockViolation {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// If we timed oumercit then return an error.
+		if timeout != 0 && time.Since(t) > timeout-flockRetryTimeout {
+			return ErrTimeout
+		}
+
+		// Wait for a bit and try again.
+		time.Sleep(flockRetryTimeout)
+	}
+}
+
+// funlock releases an advisory lock on a file descriptor.
+func funlock(db *DB) error {
+	var m1 uint32 = (1 << 32) - 1 // -1 in a uint32
+	err := unlockFileEx(syscall.Handle(db.file.Fd()), 0, 1, 0, &syscall.Overlapped{
+		Offset:     m1,
+		OffsetHigh: m1,
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+// mmap memory maps a DB's data file.
+// Based on: https://github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go
+func mmap(db *DB, sz int) error {
+	if !db.readOnly {
+		// Truncate the database to the size of the mmap.
+		if err := db.file.Truncate(int64(sz)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("truncate: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Open a file mapping handle.
+	sizelo := uint32(sz >> 32)
+	sizehi := uint32(sz) & 0xffffffff
+	h, errno := syscall.CreateFileMapping(syscall.Handle(db.file.Fd()), nil, syscall.PAGE_READONLY, sizelo, sizehi, nil)
+	if h == 0 {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("CreateFileMapping", errno)
+	}
+
+	// Create the memory map.
+	addr, errno := syscall.MapViewOfFile(h, syscall.FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, uintptr(sz))
+	if addr == 0 {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("MapViewOfFile", errno)
+	}
+
+	// Close mapping handle.
+	if err := syscall.CloseHandle(syscall.Handle(h)); err != nil {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("CloseHandle", err)
+	}
+
+	// Convert to a byte array.
+	db.data = ((*[maxMapSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(addr)))
+	db.datasz = sz
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// munmap unmaps a pointer from a file.
+// Based on: https://github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go
+func munmap(db *DB) error {
+	if db.data == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	addr := (uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&db.data[0]))
+	if err := syscall.UnmapViewOfFile(addr); err != nil {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("UnmapViewOfFile", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/boltsync_unix.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/boltsync_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9587afefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/boltsync_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// +build !windows,!plan9,!linux,!openbsd
+
+package bbolt
+
+// fdatasync flushes written data to a file descriptor.
+func fdatasync(db *DB) error {
+	return db.file.Sync()
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bucket.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bucket.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84bfd4d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/bucket.go
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// MaxKeySize is the maximum length of a key, in bytes.
+	MaxKeySize = 32768
+
+	// MaxValueSize is the maximum length of a value, in bytes.
+	MaxValueSize = (1 << 31) - 2
+)
+
+const bucketHeaderSize = int(unsafe.Sizeof(bucket{}))
+
+const (
+	minFillPercent = 0.1
+	maxFillPercent = 1.0
+)
+
+// DefaultFillPercent is the percentage that split pages are filled.
+// This value can be changed by setting Bucket.FillPercent.
+const DefaultFillPercent = 0.5
+
+// Bucket represents a collection of key/value pairs inside the database.
+type Bucket struct {
+	*bucket
+	tx       *Tx                // the associated transaction
+	buckets  map[string]*Bucket // subbucket cache
+	page     *page              // inline page reference
+	rootNode *node              // materialized node for the root page.
+	nodes    map[pgid]*node     // node cache
+
+	// Sets the threshold for filling nodes when they split. By default,
+	// the bucket will fill to 50% but it can be useful to increase this
+	// amount if you know that your write workloads are mostly append-only.
+	//
+	// This is non-persisted across transactions so it must be set in every Tx.
+	FillPercent float64
+}
+
+// bucket represents the on-file representation of a bucket.
+// This is stored as the "value" of a bucket key. If the bucket is small enough,
+// then its root page can be stored inline in the "value", after the bucket
+// header. In the case of inline buckets, the "root" will be 0.
+type bucket struct {
+	root     pgid   // page id of the bucket's root-level page
+	sequence uint64 // monotonically incrementing, used by NextSequence()
+}
+
+// newBucket returns a new bucket associated with a transaction.
+func newBucket(tx *Tx) Bucket {
+	var b = Bucket{tx: tx, FillPercent: DefaultFillPercent}
+	if tx.writable {
+		b.buckets = make(map[string]*Bucket)
+		b.nodes = make(map[pgid]*node)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+// Tx returns the tx of the bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) Tx() *Tx {
+	return b.tx
+}
+
+// Root returns the root of the bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) Root() pgid {
+	return b.root
+}
+
+// Writable returns whether the bucket is writable.
+func (b *Bucket) Writable() bool {
+	return b.tx.writable
+}
+
+// Cursor creates a cursor associated with the bucket.
+// The cursor is only valid as long as the transaction is open.
+// Do not use a cursor after the transaction is closed.
+func (b *Bucket) Cursor() *Cursor {
+	// Update transaction statistics.
+	b.tx.stats.CursorCount++
+
+	// Allocate and return a cursor.
+	return &Cursor{
+		bucket: b,
+		stack:  make([]elemRef, 0),
+	}
+}
+
+// Bucket retrieves a nested bucket by name.
+// Returns nil if the bucket does not exist.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (b *Bucket) Bucket(name []byte) *Bucket {
+	if b.buckets != nil {
+		if child := b.buckets[string(name)]; child != nil {
+			return child
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Move cursor to key.
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	k, v, flags := c.seek(name)
+
+	// Return nil if the key doesn't exist or it is not a bucket.
+	if !bytes.Equal(name, k) || (flags&bucketLeafFlag) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise create a bucket and cache it.
+	var child = b.openBucket(v)
+	if b.buckets != nil {
+		b.buckets[string(name)] = child
+	}
+
+	return child
+}
+
+// Helper method that re-interprets a sub-bucket value
+// from a parent into a Bucket
+func (b *Bucket) openBucket(value []byte) *Bucket {
+	var child = newBucket(b.tx)
+
+	// If unaligned load/stores are broken on this arch and value is
+	// unaligned simply clone to an aligned byte array.
+	unaligned := brokenUnaligned && uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]))&3 != 0
+
+	if unaligned {
+		value = cloneBytes(value)
+	}
+
+	// If this is a writable transaction then we need to copy the bucket entry.
+	// Read-only transactions can point directly at the mmap entry.
+	if b.tx.writable && !unaligned {
+		child.bucket = &bucket{}
+		*child.bucket = *(*bucket)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]))
+	} else {
+		child.bucket = (*bucket)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]))
+	}
+
+	// Save a reference to the inline page if the bucket is inline.
+	if child.root == 0 {
+		child.page = (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[bucketHeaderSize]))
+	}
+
+	return &child
+}
+
+// CreateBucket creates a new bucket at the given key and returns the new bucket.
+// Returns an error if the key already exists, if the bucket name is blank, or if the bucket name is too long.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (b *Bucket) CreateBucket(key []byte) (*Bucket, error) {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return nil, ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.tx.writable {
+		return nil, ErrTxNotWritable
+	} else if len(key) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrBucketNameRequired
+	}
+
+	// Move cursor to correct position.
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	k, _, flags := c.seek(key)
+
+	// Return an error if there is an existing key.
+	if bytes.Equal(key, k) {
+		if (flags & bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+			return nil, ErrBucketExists
+		}
+		return nil, ErrIncompatibleValue
+	}
+
+	// Create empty, inline bucket.
+	var bucket = Bucket{
+		bucket:      &bucket{},
+		rootNode:    &node{isLeaf: true},
+		FillPercent: DefaultFillPercent,
+	}
+	var value = bucket.write()
+
+	// Insert into node.
+	key = cloneBytes(key)
+	c.node().put(key, key, value, 0, bucketLeafFlag)
+
+	// Since subbuckets are not allowed on inline buckets, we need to
+	// dereference the inline page, if it exists. This will cause the bucket
+	// to be treated as a regular, non-inline bucket for the rest of the tx.
+	b.page = nil
+
+	return b.Bucket(key), nil
+}
+
+// CreateBucketIfNotExists creates a new bucket if it doesn't already exist and returns a reference to it.
+// Returns an error if the bucket name is blank, or if the bucket name is too long.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (b *Bucket) CreateBucketIfNotExists(key []byte) (*Bucket, error) {
+	child, err := b.CreateBucket(key)
+	if err == ErrBucketExists {
+		return b.Bucket(key), nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return child, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteBucket deletes a bucket at the given key.
+// Returns an error if the bucket does not exists, or if the key represents a non-bucket value.
+func (b *Bucket) DeleteBucket(key []byte) error {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.Writable() {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	// Move cursor to correct position.
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	k, _, flags := c.seek(key)
+
+	// Return an error if bucket doesn't exist or is not a bucket.
+	if !bytes.Equal(key, k) {
+		return ErrBucketNotFound
+	} else if (flags & bucketLeafFlag) == 0 {
+		return ErrIncompatibleValue
+	}
+
+	// Recursively delete all child buckets.
+	child := b.Bucket(key)
+	err := child.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error {
+		if v == nil {
+			if err := child.DeleteBucket(k); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("delete bucket: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Remove cached copy.
+	delete(b.buckets, string(key))
+
+	// Release all bucket pages to freelist.
+	child.nodes = nil
+	child.rootNode = nil
+	child.free()
+
+	// Delete the node if we have a matching key.
+	c.node().del(key)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get retrieves the value for a key in the bucket.
+// Returns a nil value if the key does not exist or if the key is a nested bucket.
+// The returned value is only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (b *Bucket) Get(key []byte) []byte {
+	k, v, flags := b.Cursor().seek(key)
+
+	// Return nil if this is a bucket.
+	if (flags & bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If our target node isn't the same key as what's passed in then return nil.
+	if !bytes.Equal(key, k) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Put sets the value for a key in the bucket.
+// If the key exist then its previous value will be overwritten.
+// Supplied value must remain valid for the life of the transaction.
+// Returns an error if the bucket was created from a read-only transaction, if the key is blank, if the key is too large, or if the value is too large.
+func (b *Bucket) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.Writable() {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	} else if len(key) == 0 {
+		return ErrKeyRequired
+	} else if len(key) > MaxKeySize {
+		return ErrKeyTooLarge
+	} else if int64(len(value)) > MaxValueSize {
+		return ErrValueTooLarge
+	}
+
+	// Move cursor to correct position.
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	k, _, flags := c.seek(key)
+
+	// Return an error if there is an existing key with a bucket value.
+	if bytes.Equal(key, k) && (flags&bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+		return ErrIncompatibleValue
+	}
+
+	// Insert into node.
+	key = cloneBytes(key)
+	c.node().put(key, key, value, 0, 0)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete removes a key from the bucket.
+// If the key does not exist then nothing is done and a nil error is returned.
+// Returns an error if the bucket was created from a read-only transaction.
+func (b *Bucket) Delete(key []byte) error {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.Writable() {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	// Move cursor to correct position.
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	k, _, flags := c.seek(key)
+
+	// Return nil if the key doesn't exist.
+	if !bytes.Equal(key, k) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Return an error if there is already existing bucket value.
+	if (flags & bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+		return ErrIncompatibleValue
+	}
+
+	// Delete the node if we have a matching key.
+	c.node().del(key)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Sequence returns the current integer for the bucket without incrementing it.
+func (b *Bucket) Sequence() uint64 { return b.bucket.sequence }
+
+// SetSequence updates the sequence number for the bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) SetSequence(v uint64) error {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.Writable() {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	// Materialize the root node if it hasn't been already so that the
+	// bucket will be saved during commit.
+	if b.rootNode == nil {
+		_ = b.node(b.root, nil)
+	}
+
+	// Increment and return the sequence.
+	b.bucket.sequence = v
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NextSequence returns an autoincrementing integer for the bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) NextSequence() (uint64, error) {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return 0, ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !b.Writable() {
+		return 0, ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	// Materialize the root node if it hasn't been already so that the
+	// bucket will be saved during commit.
+	if b.rootNode == nil {
+		_ = b.node(b.root, nil)
+	}
+
+	// Increment and return the sequence.
+	b.bucket.sequence++
+	return b.bucket.sequence, nil
+}
+
+// ForEach executes a function for each key/value pair in a bucket.
+// If the provided function returns an error then the iteration is stopped and
+// the error is returned to the caller. The provided function must not modify
+// the bucket; this will result in undefined behavior.
+func (b *Bucket) ForEach(fn func(k, v []byte) error) error {
+	if b.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	}
+	c := b.Cursor()
+	for k, v := c.First(); k != nil; k, v = c.Next() {
+		if err := fn(k, v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stat returns stats on a bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) Stats() BucketStats {
+	var s, subStats BucketStats
+	pageSize := b.tx.db.pageSize
+	s.BucketN += 1
+	if b.root == 0 {
+		s.InlineBucketN += 1
+	}
+	b.forEachPage(func(p *page, depth int) {
+		if (p.flags & leafPageFlag) != 0 {
+			s.KeyN += int(p.count)
+
+			// used totals the used bytes for the page
+			used := pageHeaderSize
+
+			if p.count != 0 {
+				// If page has any elements, add all element headers.
+				used += leafPageElementSize * int(p.count-1)
+
+				// Add all element key, value sizes.
+				// The computation takes advantage of the fact that the position
+				// of the last element's key/value equals to the total of the sizes
+				// of all previous elements' keys and values.
+				// It also includes the last element's header.
+				lastElement := p.leafPageElement(p.count - 1)
+				used += int(lastElement.pos + lastElement.ksize + lastElement.vsize)
+			}
+
+			if b.root == 0 {
+				// For inlined bucket just update the inline stats
+				s.InlineBucketInuse += used
+			} else {
+				// For non-inlined bucket update all the leaf stats
+				s.LeafPageN++
+				s.LeafInuse += used
+				s.LeafOverflowN += int(p.overflow)
+
+				// Collect stats from sub-buckets.
+				// Do that by iterating over all element headers
+				// looking for the ones with the bucketLeafFlag.
+				for i := uint16(0); i < p.count; i++ {
+					e := p.leafPageElement(i)
+					if (e.flags & bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+						// For any bucket element, open the element value
+						// and recursively call Stats on the contained bucket.
+						subStats.Add(b.openBucket(e.value()).Stats())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (p.flags & branchPageFlag) != 0 {
+			s.BranchPageN++
+			lastElement := p.branchPageElement(p.count - 1)
+
+			// used totals the used bytes for the page
+			// Add header and all element headers.
+			used := pageHeaderSize + (branchPageElementSize * int(p.count-1))
+
+			// Add size of all keys and values.
+			// Again, use the fact that last element's position equals to
+			// the total of key, value sizes of all previous elements.
+			used += int(lastElement.pos + lastElement.ksize)
+			s.BranchInuse += used
+			s.BranchOverflowN += int(p.overflow)
+		}
+
+		// Keep track of maximum page depth.
+		if depth+1 > s.Depth {
+			s.Depth = (depth + 1)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Alloc stats can be computed from page counts and pageSize.
+	s.BranchAlloc = (s.BranchPageN + s.BranchOverflowN) * pageSize
+	s.LeafAlloc = (s.LeafPageN + s.LeafOverflowN) * pageSize
+
+	// Add the max depth of sub-buckets to get total nested depth.
+	s.Depth += subStats.Depth
+	// Add the stats for all sub-buckets
+	s.Add(subStats)
+	return s
+}
+
+// forEachPage iterates over every page in a bucket, including inline pages.
+func (b *Bucket) forEachPage(fn func(*page, int)) {
+	// If we have an inline page then just use that.
+	if b.page != nil {
+		fn(b.page, 0)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise traverse the page hierarchy.
+	b.tx.forEachPage(b.root, 0, fn)
+}
+
+// forEachPageNode iterates over every page (or node) in a bucket.
+// This also includes inline pages.
+func (b *Bucket) forEachPageNode(fn func(*page, *node, int)) {
+	// If we have an inline page or root node then just use that.
+	if b.page != nil {
+		fn(b.page, nil, 0)
+		return
+	}
+	b._forEachPageNode(b.root, 0, fn)
+}
+
+func (b *Bucket) _forEachPageNode(pgid pgid, depth int, fn func(*page, *node, int)) {
+	var p, n = b.pageNode(pgid)
+
+	// Execute function.
+	fn(p, n, depth)
+
+	// Recursively loop over children.
+	if p != nil {
+		if (p.flags & branchPageFlag) != 0 {
+			for i := 0; i < int(p.count); i++ {
+				elem := p.branchPageElement(uint16(i))
+				b._forEachPageNode(elem.pgid, depth+1, fn)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !n.isLeaf {
+			for _, inode := range n.inodes {
+				b._forEachPageNode(inode.pgid, depth+1, fn)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// spill writes all the nodes for this bucket to dirty pages.
+func (b *Bucket) spill() error {
+	// Spill all child buckets first.
+	for name, child := range b.buckets {
+		// If the child bucket is small enough and it has no child buckets then
+		// write it inline into the parent bucket's page. Otherwise spill it
+		// like a normal bucket and make the parent value a pointer to the page.
+		var value []byte
+		if child.inlineable() {
+			child.free()
+			value = child.write()
+		} else {
+			if err := child.spill(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Update the child bucket header in this bucket.
+			value = make([]byte, unsafe.Sizeof(bucket{}))
+			var bucket = (*bucket)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]))
+			*bucket = *child.bucket
+		}
+
+		// Skip writing the bucket if there are no materialized nodes.
+		if child.rootNode == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Update parent node.
+		var c = b.Cursor()
+		k, _, flags := c.seek([]byte(name))
+		if !bytes.Equal([]byte(name), k) {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("misplaced bucket header: %x -> %x", []byte(name), k))
+		}
+		if flags&bucketLeafFlag == 0 {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected bucket header flag: %x", flags))
+		}
+		c.node().put([]byte(name), []byte(name), value, 0, bucketLeafFlag)
+	}
+
+	// Ignore if there's not a materialized root node.
+	if b.rootNode == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Spill nodes.
+	if err := b.rootNode.spill(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	b.rootNode = b.rootNode.root()
+
+	// Update the root node for this bucket.
+	if b.rootNode.pgid >= b.tx.meta.pgid {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pgid (%d) above high water mark (%d)", b.rootNode.pgid, b.tx.meta.pgid))
+	}
+	b.root = b.rootNode.pgid
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// inlineable returns true if a bucket is small enough to be written inline
+// and if it contains no subbuckets. Otherwise returns false.
+func (b *Bucket) inlineable() bool {
+	var n = b.rootNode
+
+	// Bucket must only contain a single leaf node.
+	if n == nil || !n.isLeaf {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Bucket is not inlineable if it contains subbuckets or if it goes beyond
+	// our threshold for inline bucket size.
+	var size = pageHeaderSize
+	for _, inode := range n.inodes {
+		size += leafPageElementSize + len(inode.key) + len(inode.value)
+
+		if inode.flags&bucketLeafFlag != 0 {
+			return false
+		} else if size > b.maxInlineBucketSize() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// Returns the maximum total size of a bucket to make it a candidate for inlining.
+func (b *Bucket) maxInlineBucketSize() int {
+	return b.tx.db.pageSize / 4
+}
+
+// write allocates and writes a bucket to a byte slice.
+func (b *Bucket) write() []byte {
+	// Allocate the appropriate size.
+	var n = b.rootNode
+	var value = make([]byte, bucketHeaderSize+n.size())
+
+	// Write a bucket header.
+	var bucket = (*bucket)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]))
+	*bucket = *b.bucket
+
+	// Convert byte slice to a fake page and write the root node.
+	var p = (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[bucketHeaderSize]))
+	n.write(p)
+
+	return value
+}
+
+// rebalance attempts to balance all nodes.
+func (b *Bucket) rebalance() {
+	for _, n := range b.nodes {
+		n.rebalance()
+	}
+	for _, child := range b.buckets {
+		child.rebalance()
+	}
+}
+
+// node creates a node from a page and associates it with a given parent.
+func (b *Bucket) node(pgid pgid, parent *node) *node {
+	_assert(b.nodes != nil, "nodes map expected")
+
+	// Retrieve node if it's already been created.
+	if n := b.nodes[pgid]; n != nil {
+		return n
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise create a node and cache it.
+	n := &node{bucket: b, parent: parent}
+	if parent == nil {
+		b.rootNode = n
+	} else {
+		parent.children = append(parent.children, n)
+	}
+
+	// Use the inline page if this is an inline bucket.
+	var p = b.page
+	if p == nil {
+		p = b.tx.page(pgid)
+	}
+
+	// Read the page into the node and cache it.
+	n.read(p)
+	b.nodes[pgid] = n
+
+	// Update statistics.
+	b.tx.stats.NodeCount++
+
+	return n
+}
+
+// free recursively frees all pages in the bucket.
+func (b *Bucket) free() {
+	if b.root == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var tx = b.tx
+	b.forEachPageNode(func(p *page, n *node, _ int) {
+		if p != nil {
+			tx.db.freelist.free(tx.meta.txid, p)
+		} else {
+			n.free()
+		}
+	})
+	b.root = 0
+}
+
+// dereference removes all references to the old mmap.
+func (b *Bucket) dereference() {
+	if b.rootNode != nil {
+		b.rootNode.root().dereference()
+	}
+
+	for _, child := range b.buckets {
+		child.dereference()
+	}
+}
+
+// pageNode returns the in-memory node, if it exists.
+// Otherwise returns the underlying page.
+func (b *Bucket) pageNode(id pgid) (*page, *node) {
+	// Inline buckets have a fake page embedded in their value so treat them
+	// differently. We'll return the rootNode (if available) or the fake page.
+	if b.root == 0 {
+		if id != 0 {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("inline bucket non-zero page access(2): %d != 0", id))
+		}
+		if b.rootNode != nil {
+			return nil, b.rootNode
+		}
+		return b.page, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check the node cache for non-inline buckets.
+	if b.nodes != nil {
+		if n := b.nodes[id]; n != nil {
+			return nil, n
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Finally lookup the page from the transaction if no node is materialized.
+	return b.tx.page(id), nil
+}
+
+// BucketStats records statistics about resources used by a bucket.
+type BucketStats struct {
+	// Page count statistics.
+	BranchPageN     int // number of logical branch pages
+	BranchOverflowN int // number of physical branch overflow pages
+	LeafPageN       int // number of logical leaf pages
+	LeafOverflowN   int // number of physical leaf overflow pages
+
+	// Tree statistics.
+	KeyN  int // number of keys/value pairs
+	Depth int // number of levels in B+tree
+
+	// Page size utilization.
+	BranchAlloc int // bytes allocated for physical branch pages
+	BranchInuse int // bytes actually used for branch data
+	LeafAlloc   int // bytes allocated for physical leaf pages
+	LeafInuse   int // bytes actually used for leaf data
+
+	// Bucket statistics
+	BucketN           int // total number of buckets including the top bucket
+	InlineBucketN     int // total number on inlined buckets
+	InlineBucketInuse int // bytes used for inlined buckets (also accounted for in LeafInuse)
+}
+
+func (s *BucketStats) Add(other BucketStats) {
+	s.BranchPageN += other.BranchPageN
+	s.BranchOverflowN += other.BranchOverflowN
+	s.LeafPageN += other.LeafPageN
+	s.LeafOverflowN += other.LeafOverflowN
+	s.KeyN += other.KeyN
+	if s.Depth < other.Depth {
+		s.Depth = other.Depth
+	}
+	s.BranchAlloc += other.BranchAlloc
+	s.BranchInuse += other.BranchInuse
+	s.LeafAlloc += other.LeafAlloc
+	s.LeafInuse += other.LeafInuse
+
+	s.BucketN += other.BucketN
+	s.InlineBucketN += other.InlineBucketN
+	s.InlineBucketInuse += other.InlineBucketInuse
+}
+
+// cloneBytes returns a copy of a given slice.
+func cloneBytes(v []byte) []byte {
+	var clone = make([]byte, len(v))
+	copy(clone, v)
+	return clone
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/cursor.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/cursor.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3000aced6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/cursor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+)
+
+// Cursor represents an iterator that can traverse over all key/value pairs in a bucket in sorted order.
+// Cursors see nested buckets with value == nil.
+// Cursors can be obtained from a transaction and are valid as long as the transaction is open.
+//
+// Keys and values returned from the cursor are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+//
+// Changing data while traversing with a cursor may cause it to be invalidated
+// and return unexpected keys and/or values. You must reposition your cursor
+// after mutating data.
+type Cursor struct {
+	bucket *Bucket
+	stack  []elemRef
+}
+
+// Bucket returns the bucket that this cursor was created from.
+func (c *Cursor) Bucket() *Bucket {
+	return c.bucket
+}
+
+// First moves the cursor to the first item in the bucket and returns its key and value.
+// If the bucket is empty then a nil key and value are returned.
+// The returned key and value are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (c *Cursor) First() (key []byte, value []byte) {
+	_assert(c.bucket.tx.db != nil, "tx closed")
+	c.stack = c.stack[:0]
+	p, n := c.bucket.pageNode(c.bucket.root)
+	c.stack = append(c.stack, elemRef{page: p, node: n, index: 0})
+	c.first()
+
+	// If we land on an empty page then move to the next value.
+	// https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/issues/450
+	if c.stack[len(c.stack)-1].count() == 0 {
+		c.next()
+	}
+
+	k, v, flags := c.keyValue()
+	if (flags & uint32(bucketLeafFlag)) != 0 {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	return k, v
+
+}
+
+// Last moves the cursor to the last item in the bucket and returns its key and value.
+// If the bucket is empty then a nil key and value are returned.
+// The returned key and value are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (c *Cursor) Last() (key []byte, value []byte) {
+	_assert(c.bucket.tx.db != nil, "tx closed")
+	c.stack = c.stack[:0]
+	p, n := c.bucket.pageNode(c.bucket.root)
+	ref := elemRef{page: p, node: n}
+	ref.index = ref.count() - 1
+	c.stack = append(c.stack, ref)
+	c.last()
+	k, v, flags := c.keyValue()
+	if (flags & uint32(bucketLeafFlag)) != 0 {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	return k, v
+}
+
+// Next moves the cursor to the next item in the bucket and returns its key and value.
+// If the cursor is at the end of the bucket then a nil key and value are returned.
+// The returned key and value are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (c *Cursor) Next() (key []byte, value []byte) {
+	_assert(c.bucket.tx.db != nil, "tx closed")
+	k, v, flags := c.next()
+	if (flags & uint32(bucketLeafFlag)) != 0 {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	return k, v
+}
+
+// Prev moves the cursor to the previous item in the bucket and returns its key and value.
+// If the cursor is at the beginning of the bucket then a nil key and value are returned.
+// The returned key and value are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (c *Cursor) Prev() (key []byte, value []byte) {
+	_assert(c.bucket.tx.db != nil, "tx closed")
+
+	// Attempt to move back one element until we're successful.
+	// Move up the stack as we hit the beginning of each page in our stack.
+	for i := len(c.stack) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		elem := &c.stack[i]
+		if elem.index > 0 {
+			elem.index--
+			break
+		}
+		c.stack = c.stack[:i]
+	}
+
+	// If we've hit the end then return nil.
+	if len(c.stack) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Move down the stack to find the last element of the last leaf under this branch.
+	c.last()
+	k, v, flags := c.keyValue()
+	if (flags & uint32(bucketLeafFlag)) != 0 {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	return k, v
+}
+
+// Seek moves the cursor to a given key and returns it.
+// If the key does not exist then the next key is used. If no keys
+// follow, a nil key is returned.
+// The returned key and value are only valid for the life of the transaction.
+func (c *Cursor) Seek(seek []byte) (key []byte, value []byte) {
+	k, v, flags := c.seek(seek)
+
+	// If we ended up after the last element of a page then move to the next one.
+	if ref := &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]; ref.index >= ref.count() {
+		k, v, flags = c.next()
+	}
+
+	if k == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	} else if (flags & uint32(bucketLeafFlag)) != 0 {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	return k, v
+}
+
+// Delete removes the current key/value under the cursor from the bucket.
+// Delete fails if current key/value is a bucket or if the transaction is not writable.
+func (c *Cursor) Delete() error {
+	if c.bucket.tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !c.bucket.Writable() {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	key, _, flags := c.keyValue()
+	// Return an error if current value is a bucket.
+	if (flags & bucketLeafFlag) != 0 {
+		return ErrIncompatibleValue
+	}
+	c.node().del(key)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// seek moves the cursor to a given key and returns it.
+// If the key does not exist then the next key is used.
+func (c *Cursor) seek(seek []byte) (key []byte, value []byte, flags uint32) {
+	_assert(c.bucket.tx.db != nil, "tx closed")
+
+	// Start from root page/node and traverse to correct page.
+	c.stack = c.stack[:0]
+	c.search(seek, c.bucket.root)
+
+	// If this is a bucket then return a nil value.
+	return c.keyValue()
+}
+
+// first moves the cursor to the first leaf element under the last page in the stack.
+func (c *Cursor) first() {
+	for {
+		// Exit when we hit a leaf page.
+		var ref = &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]
+		if ref.isLeaf() {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Keep adding pages pointing to the first element to the stack.
+		var pgid pgid
+		if ref.node != nil {
+			pgid = ref.node.inodes[ref.index].pgid
+		} else {
+			pgid = ref.page.branchPageElement(uint16(ref.index)).pgid
+		}
+		p, n := c.bucket.pageNode(pgid)
+		c.stack = append(c.stack, elemRef{page: p, node: n, index: 0})
+	}
+}
+
+// last moves the cursor to the last leaf element under the last page in the stack.
+func (c *Cursor) last() {
+	for {
+		// Exit when we hit a leaf page.
+		ref := &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]
+		if ref.isLeaf() {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Keep adding pages pointing to the last element in the stack.
+		var pgid pgid
+		if ref.node != nil {
+			pgid = ref.node.inodes[ref.index].pgid
+		} else {
+			pgid = ref.page.branchPageElement(uint16(ref.index)).pgid
+		}
+		p, n := c.bucket.pageNode(pgid)
+
+		var nextRef = elemRef{page: p, node: n}
+		nextRef.index = nextRef.count() - 1
+		c.stack = append(c.stack, nextRef)
+	}
+}
+
+// next moves to the next leaf element and returns the key and value.
+// If the cursor is at the last leaf element then it stays there and returns nil.
+func (c *Cursor) next() (key []byte, value []byte, flags uint32) {
+	for {
+		// Attempt to move over one element until we're successful.
+		// Move up the stack as we hit the end of each page in our stack.
+		var i int
+		for i = len(c.stack) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			elem := &c.stack[i]
+			if elem.index < elem.count()-1 {
+				elem.index++
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If we've hit the root page then stop and return. This will leave the
+		// cursor on the last element of the last page.
+		if i == -1 {
+			return nil, nil, 0
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise start from where we left off in the stack and find the
+		// first element of the first leaf page.
+		c.stack = c.stack[:i+1]
+		c.first()
+
+		// If this is an empty page then restart and move back up the stack.
+		// https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/issues/450
+		if c.stack[len(c.stack)-1].count() == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return c.keyValue()
+	}
+}
+
+// search recursively performs a binary search against a given page/node until it finds a given key.
+func (c *Cursor) search(key []byte, pgid pgid) {
+	p, n := c.bucket.pageNode(pgid)
+	if p != nil && (p.flags&(branchPageFlag|leafPageFlag)) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid page type: %d: %x", p.id, p.flags))
+	}
+	e := elemRef{page: p, node: n}
+	c.stack = append(c.stack, e)
+
+	// If we're on a leaf page/node then find the specific node.
+	if e.isLeaf() {
+		c.nsearch(key)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if n != nil {
+		c.searchNode(key, n)
+		return
+	}
+	c.searchPage(key, p)
+}
+
+func (c *Cursor) searchNode(key []byte, n *node) {
+	var exact bool
+	index := sort.Search(len(n.inodes), func(i int) bool {
+		// TODO(benbjohnson): Optimize this range search. It's a bit hacky right now.
+		// sort.Search() finds the lowest index where f() != -1 but we need the highest index.
+		ret := bytes.Compare(n.inodes[i].key, key)
+		if ret == 0 {
+			exact = true
+		}
+		return ret != -1
+	})
+	if !exact && index > 0 {
+		index--
+	}
+	c.stack[len(c.stack)-1].index = index
+
+	// Recursively search to the next page.
+	c.search(key, n.inodes[index].pgid)
+}
+
+func (c *Cursor) searchPage(key []byte, p *page) {
+	// Binary search for the correct range.
+	inodes := p.branchPageElements()
+
+	var exact bool
+	index := sort.Search(int(p.count), func(i int) bool {
+		// TODO(benbjohnson): Optimize this range search. It's a bit hacky right now.
+		// sort.Search() finds the lowest index where f() != -1 but we need the highest index.
+		ret := bytes.Compare(inodes[i].key(), key)
+		if ret == 0 {
+			exact = true
+		}
+		return ret != -1
+	})
+	if !exact && index > 0 {
+		index--
+	}
+	c.stack[len(c.stack)-1].index = index
+
+	// Recursively search to the next page.
+	c.search(key, inodes[index].pgid)
+}
+
+// nsearch searches the leaf node on the top of the stack for a key.
+func (c *Cursor) nsearch(key []byte) {
+	e := &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]
+	p, n := e.page, e.node
+
+	// If we have a node then search its inodes.
+	if n != nil {
+		index := sort.Search(len(n.inodes), func(i int) bool {
+			return bytes.Compare(n.inodes[i].key, key) != -1
+		})
+		e.index = index
+		return
+	}
+
+	// If we have a page then search its leaf elements.
+	inodes := p.leafPageElements()
+	index := sort.Search(int(p.count), func(i int) bool {
+		return bytes.Compare(inodes[i].key(), key) != -1
+	})
+	e.index = index
+}
+
+// keyValue returns the key and value of the current leaf element.
+func (c *Cursor) keyValue() ([]byte, []byte, uint32) {
+	ref := &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]
+
+	// If the cursor is pointing to the end of page/node then return nil.
+	if ref.count() == 0 || ref.index >= ref.count() {
+		return nil, nil, 0
+	}
+
+	// Retrieve value from node.
+	if ref.node != nil {
+		inode := &ref.node.inodes[ref.index]
+		return inode.key, inode.value, inode.flags
+	}
+
+	// Or retrieve value from page.
+	elem := ref.page.leafPageElement(uint16(ref.index))
+	return elem.key(), elem.value(), elem.flags
+}
+
+// node returns the node that the cursor is currently positioned on.
+func (c *Cursor) node() *node {
+	_assert(len(c.stack) > 0, "accessing a node with a zero-length cursor stack")
+
+	// If the top of the stack is a leaf node then just return it.
+	if ref := &c.stack[len(c.stack)-1]; ref.node != nil && ref.isLeaf() {
+		return ref.node
+	}
+
+	// Start from root and traverse down the hierarchy.
+	var n = c.stack[0].node
+	if n == nil {
+		n = c.bucket.node(c.stack[0].page.id, nil)
+	}
+	for _, ref := range c.stack[:len(c.stack)-1] {
+		_assert(!n.isLeaf, "expected branch node")
+		n = n.childAt(int(ref.index))
+	}
+	_assert(n.isLeaf, "expected leaf node")
+	return n
+}
+
+// elemRef represents a reference to an element on a given page/node.
+type elemRef struct {
+	page  *page
+	node  *node
+	index int
+}
+
+// isLeaf returns whether the ref is pointing at a leaf page/node.
+func (r *elemRef) isLeaf() bool {
+	if r.node != nil {
+		return r.node.isLeaf
+	}
+	return (r.page.flags & leafPageFlag) != 0
+}
+
+// count returns the number of inodes or page elements.
+func (r *elemRef) count() int {
+	if r.node != nil {
+		return len(r.node.inodes)
+	}
+	return int(r.page.count)
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/db.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/db.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..962248c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/db.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/fnv"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// The largest step that can be taken when remapping the mmap.
+const maxMmapStep = 1 << 30 // 1GB
+
+// The data file format version.
+const version = 2
+
+// Represents a marker value to indicate that a file is a Bolt DB.
+const magic uint32 = 0xED0CDAED
+
+const pgidNoFreelist pgid = 0xffffffffffffffff
+
+// IgnoreNoSync specifies whether the NoSync field of a DB is ignored when
+// syncing changes to a file.  This is required as some operating systems,
+// such as OpenBSD, do not have a unified buffer cache (UBC) and writes
+// must be synchronized using the msync(2) syscall.
+const IgnoreNoSync = runtime.GOOS == "openbsd"
+
+// Default values if not set in a DB instance.
+const (
+	DefaultMaxBatchSize  int = 1000
+	DefaultMaxBatchDelay     = 10 * time.Millisecond
+	DefaultAllocSize         = 16 * 1024 * 1024
+)
+
+// default page size for db is set to the OS page size.
+var defaultPageSize = os.Getpagesize()
+
+// The time elapsed between consecutive file locking attempts.
+const flockRetryTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
+
+// FreelistType is the type of the freelist backend
+type FreelistType string
+
+const (
+	// FreelistArrayType indicates backend freelist type is array
+	FreelistArrayType = FreelistType("array")
+	// FreelistMapType indicates backend freelist type is hashmap
+	FreelistMapType = FreelistType("hashmap")
+)
+
+// DB represents a collection of buckets persisted to a file on disk.
+// All data access is performed through transactions which can be obtained through the DB.
+// All the functions on DB will return a ErrDatabaseNotOpen if accessed before Open() is called.
+type DB struct {
+	// When enabled, the database will perform a Check() after every commit.
+	// A panic is issued if the database is in an inconsistent state. This
+	// flag has a large performance impact so it should only be used for
+	// debugging purposes.
+	StrictMode bool
+
+	// Setting the NoSync flag will cause the database to skip fsync()
+	// calls after each commit. This can be useful when bulk loading data
+	// into a database and you can restart the bulk load in the event of
+	// a system failure or database corruption. Do not set this flag for
+	// normal use.
+	//
+	// If the package global IgnoreNoSync constant is true, this value is
+	// ignored.  See the comment on that constant for more details.
+	//
+	// THIS IS UNSAFE. PLEASE USE WITH CAUTION.
+	NoSync bool
+
+	// When true, skips syncing freelist to disk. This improves the database
+	// write performance under normal operation, but requires a full database
+	// re-sync during recovery.
+	NoFreelistSync bool
+
+	// FreelistType sets the backend freelist type. There are two options. Array which is simple but endures
+	// dramatic performance degradation if database is large and framentation in freelist is common.
+	// The alternative one is using hashmap, it is faster in almost all circumstances
+	// but it doesn't guarantee that it offers the smallest page id available. In normal case it is safe.
+	// The default type is array
+	FreelistType FreelistType
+
+	// When true, skips the truncate call when growing the database.
+	// Setting this to true is only safe on non-ext3/ext4 systems.
+	// Skipping truncation avoids preallocation of hard drive space and
+	// bypasses a truncate() and fsync() syscall on remapping.
+	//
+	// https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/issues/284
+	NoGrowSync bool
+
+	// If you want to read the entire database fast, you can set MmapFlag to
+	// syscall.MAP_POPULATE on Linux 2.6.23+ for sequential read-ahead.
+	MmapFlags int
+
+	// MaxBatchSize is the maximum size of a batch. Default value is
+	// copied from DefaultMaxBatchSize in Open.
+	//
+	// If <=0, disables batching.
+	//
+	// Do not change concurrently with calls to Batch.
+	MaxBatchSize int
+
+	// MaxBatchDelay is the maximum delay before a batch starts.
+	// Default value is copied from DefaultMaxBatchDelay in Open.
+	//
+	// If <=0, effectively disables batching.
+	//
+	// Do not change concurrently with calls to Batch.
+	MaxBatchDelay time.Duration
+
+	// AllocSize is the amount of space allocated when the database
+	// needs to create new pages. This is done to amortize the cost
+	// of truncate() and fsync() when growing the data file.
+	AllocSize int
+
+	path     string
+	file     *os.File
+	dataref  []byte // mmap'ed readonly, write throws SEGV
+	data     *[maxMapSize]byte
+	datasz   int
+	filesz   int // current on disk file size
+	meta0    *meta
+	meta1    *meta
+	pageSize int
+	opened   bool
+	rwtx     *Tx
+	txs      []*Tx
+	stats    Stats
+
+	freelist     *freelist
+	freelistLoad sync.Once
+
+	pagePool sync.Pool
+
+	batchMu sync.Mutex
+	batch   *batch
+
+	rwlock   sync.Mutex   // Allows only one writer at a time.
+	metalock sync.Mutex   // Protects meta page access.
+	mmaplock sync.RWMutex // Protects mmap access during remapping.
+	statlock sync.RWMutex // Protects stats access.
+
+	ops struct {
+		writeAt func(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error)
+	}
+
+	// Read only mode.
+	// When true, Update() and Begin(true) return ErrDatabaseReadOnly immediately.
+	readOnly bool
+}
+
+// Path returns the path to currently open database file.
+func (db *DB) Path() string {
+	return db.path
+}
+
+// GoString returns the Go string representation of the database.
+func (db *DB) GoString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("bolt.DB{path:%q}", db.path)
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the database.
+func (db *DB) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("DB<%q>", db.path)
+}
+
+// Open creates and opens a database at the given path.
+// If the file does not exist then it will be created automatically.
+// Passing in nil options will cause Bolt to open the database with the default options.
+func Open(path string, mode os.FileMode, options *Options) (*DB, error) {
+	db := &DB{
+		opened: true,
+	}
+	// Set default options if no options are provided.
+	if options == nil {
+		options = DefaultOptions
+	}
+	db.NoSync = options.NoSync
+	db.NoGrowSync = options.NoGrowSync
+	db.MmapFlags = options.MmapFlags
+	db.NoFreelistSync = options.NoFreelistSync
+	db.FreelistType = options.FreelistType
+
+	// Set default values for later DB operations.
+	db.MaxBatchSize = DefaultMaxBatchSize
+	db.MaxBatchDelay = DefaultMaxBatchDelay
+	db.AllocSize = DefaultAllocSize
+
+	flag := os.O_RDWR
+	if options.ReadOnly {
+		flag = os.O_RDONLY
+		db.readOnly = true
+	}
+
+	// Open data file and separate sync handler for metadata writes.
+	db.path = path
+	var err error
+	if db.file, err = os.OpenFile(db.path, flag|os.O_CREATE, mode); err != nil {
+		_ = db.close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Lock file so that other processes using Bolt in read-write mode cannot
+	// use the database  at the same time. This would cause corruption since
+	// the two processes would write meta pages and free pages separately.
+	// The database file is locked exclusively (only one process can grab the lock)
+	// if !options.ReadOnly.
+	// The database file is locked using the shared lock (more than one process may
+	// hold a lock at the same time) otherwise (options.ReadOnly is set).
+	if err := flock(db, !db.readOnly, options.Timeout); err != nil {
+		_ = db.close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Default values for test hooks
+	db.ops.writeAt = db.file.WriteAt
+
+	if db.pageSize = options.PageSize; db.pageSize == 0 {
+		// Set the default page size to the OS page size.
+		db.pageSize = defaultPageSize
+	}
+
+	// Initialize the database if it doesn't exist.
+	if info, err := db.file.Stat(); err != nil {
+		_ = db.close()
+		return nil, err
+	} else if info.Size() == 0 {
+		// Initialize new files with meta pages.
+		if err := db.init(); err != nil {
+			// clean up file descriptor on initialization fail
+			_ = db.close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Read the first meta page to determine the page size.
+		var buf [0x1000]byte
+		// If we can't read the page size, but can read a page, assume
+		// it's the same as the OS or one given -- since that's how the
+		// page size was chosen in the first place.
+		//
+		// If the first page is invalid and this OS uses a different
+		// page size than what the database was created with then we
+		// are out of luck and cannot access the database.
+		//
+		// TODO: scan for next page
+		if bw, err := db.file.ReadAt(buf[:], 0); err == nil && bw == len(buf) {
+			if m := db.pageInBuffer(buf[:], 0).meta(); m.validate() == nil {
+				db.pageSize = int(m.pageSize)
+			}
+		} else {
+			_ = db.close()
+			return nil, ErrInvalid
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Initialize page pool.
+	db.pagePool = sync.Pool{
+		New: func() interface{} {
+			return make([]byte, db.pageSize)
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Memory map the data file.
+	if err := db.mmap(options.InitialMmapSize); err != nil {
+		_ = db.close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return db, nil
+	}
+
+	db.loadFreelist()
+
+	// Flush freelist when transitioning from no sync to sync so
+	// NoFreelistSync unaware boltdb can open the db later.
+	if !db.NoFreelistSync && !db.hasSyncedFreelist() {
+		tx, err := db.Begin(true)
+		if tx != nil {
+			err = tx.Commit()
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = db.close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Mark the database as opened and return.
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+// loadFreelist reads the freelist if it is synced, or reconstructs it
+// by scanning the DB if it is not synced. It assumes there are no
+// concurrent accesses being made to the freelist.
+func (db *DB) loadFreelist() {
+	db.freelistLoad.Do(func() {
+		db.freelist = newFreelist(db.FreelistType)
+		if !db.hasSyncedFreelist() {
+			// Reconstruct free list by scanning the DB.
+			db.freelist.readIDs(db.freepages())
+		} else {
+			// Read free list from freelist page.
+			db.freelist.read(db.page(db.meta().freelist))
+		}
+		db.stats.FreePageN = db.freelist.free_count()
+	})
+}
+
+func (db *DB) hasSyncedFreelist() bool {
+	return db.meta().freelist != pgidNoFreelist
+}
+
+// mmap opens the underlying memory-mapped file and initializes the meta references.
+// minsz is the minimum size that the new mmap can be.
+func (db *DB) mmap(minsz int) error {
+	db.mmaplock.Lock()
+	defer db.mmaplock.Unlock()
+
+	info, err := db.file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mmap stat error: %s", err)
+	} else if int(info.Size()) < db.pageSize*2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("file size too small")
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the size is at least the minimum size.
+	var size = int(info.Size())
+	if size < minsz {
+		size = minsz
+	}
+	size, err = db.mmapSize(size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Dereference all mmap references before unmapping.
+	if db.rwtx != nil {
+		db.rwtx.root.dereference()
+	}
+
+	// Unmap existing data before continuing.
+	if err := db.munmap(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Memory-map the data file as a byte slice.
+	if err := mmap(db, size); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Save references to the meta pages.
+	db.meta0 = db.page(0).meta()
+	db.meta1 = db.page(1).meta()
+
+	// Validate the meta pages. We only return an error if both meta pages fail
+	// validation, since meta0 failing validation means that it wasn't saved
+	// properly -- but we can recover using meta1. And vice-versa.
+	err0 := db.meta0.validate()
+	err1 := db.meta1.validate()
+	if err0 != nil && err1 != nil {
+		return err0
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// munmap unmaps the data file from memory.
+func (db *DB) munmap() error {
+	if err := munmap(db); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unmap error: " + err.Error())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mmapSize determines the appropriate size for the mmap given the current size
+// of the database. The minimum size is 32KB and doubles until it reaches 1GB.
+// Returns an error if the new mmap size is greater than the max allowed.
+func (db *DB) mmapSize(size int) (int, error) {
+	// Double the size from 32KB until 1GB.
+	for i := uint(15); i <= 30; i++ {
+		if size <= 1<<i {
+			return 1 << i, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify the requested size is not above the maximum allowed.
+	if size > maxMapSize {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("mmap too large")
+	}
+
+	// If larger than 1GB then grow by 1GB at a time.
+	sz := int64(size)
+	if remainder := sz % int64(maxMmapStep); remainder > 0 {
+		sz += int64(maxMmapStep) - remainder
+	}
+
+	// Ensure that the mmap size is a multiple of the page size.
+	// This should always be true since we're incrementing in MBs.
+	pageSize := int64(db.pageSize)
+	if (sz % pageSize) != 0 {
+		sz = ((sz / pageSize) + 1) * pageSize
+	}
+
+	// If we've exceeded the max size then only grow up to the max size.
+	if sz > maxMapSize {
+		sz = maxMapSize
+	}
+
+	return int(sz), nil
+}
+
+// init creates a new database file and initializes its meta pages.
+func (db *DB) init() error {
+	// Create two meta pages on a buffer.
+	buf := make([]byte, db.pageSize*4)
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		p := db.pageInBuffer(buf[:], pgid(i))
+		p.id = pgid(i)
+		p.flags = metaPageFlag
+
+		// Initialize the meta page.
+		m := p.meta()
+		m.magic = magic
+		m.version = version
+		m.pageSize = uint32(db.pageSize)
+		m.freelist = 2
+		m.root = bucket{root: 3}
+		m.pgid = 4
+		m.txid = txid(i)
+		m.checksum = m.sum64()
+	}
+
+	// Write an empty freelist at page 3.
+	p := db.pageInBuffer(buf[:], pgid(2))
+	p.id = pgid(2)
+	p.flags = freelistPageFlag
+	p.count = 0
+
+	// Write an empty leaf page at page 4.
+	p = db.pageInBuffer(buf[:], pgid(3))
+	p.id = pgid(3)
+	p.flags = leafPageFlag
+	p.count = 0
+
+	// Write the buffer to our data file.
+	if _, err := db.ops.writeAt(buf, 0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := fdatasync(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Close releases all database resources.
+// It will block waiting for any open transactions to finish
+// before closing the database and returning.
+func (db *DB) Close() error {
+	db.rwlock.Lock()
+	defer db.rwlock.Unlock()
+
+	db.metalock.Lock()
+	defer db.metalock.Unlock()
+
+	db.mmaplock.Lock()
+	defer db.mmaplock.Unlock()
+
+	return db.close()
+}
+
+func (db *DB) close() error {
+	if !db.opened {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	db.opened = false
+
+	db.freelist = nil
+
+	// Clear ops.
+	db.ops.writeAt = nil
+
+	// Close the mmap.
+	if err := db.munmap(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Close file handles.
+	if db.file != nil {
+		// No need to unlock read-only file.
+		if !db.readOnly {
+			// Unlock the file.
+			if err := funlock(db); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("bolt.Close(): funlock error: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Close the file descriptor.
+		if err := db.file.Close(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("db file close: %s", err)
+		}
+		db.file = nil
+	}
+
+	db.path = ""
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Begin starts a new transaction.
+// Multiple read-only transactions can be used concurrently but only one
+// write transaction can be used at a time. Starting multiple write transactions
+// will cause the calls to block and be serialized until the current write
+// transaction finishes.
+//
+// Transactions should not be dependent on one another. Opening a read
+// transaction and a write transaction in the same goroutine can cause the
+// writer to deadlock because the database periodically needs to re-mmap itself
+// as it grows and it cannot do that while a read transaction is open.
+//
+// If a long running read transaction (for example, a snapshot transaction) is
+// needed, you might want to set DB.InitialMmapSize to a large enough value
+// to avoid potential blocking of write transaction.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: You must close read-only transactions after you are finished or
+// else the database will not reclaim old pages.
+func (db *DB) Begin(writable bool) (*Tx, error) {
+	if writable {
+		return db.beginRWTx()
+	}
+	return db.beginTx()
+}
+
+func (db *DB) beginTx() (*Tx, error) {
+	// Lock the meta pages while we initialize the transaction. We obtain
+	// the meta lock before the mmap lock because that's the order that the
+	// write transaction will obtain them.
+	db.metalock.Lock()
+
+	// Obtain a read-only lock on the mmap. When the mmap is remapped it will
+	// obtain a write lock so all transactions must finish before it can be
+	// remapped.
+	db.mmaplock.RLock()
+
+	// Exit if the database is not open yet.
+	if !db.opened {
+		db.mmaplock.RUnlock()
+		db.metalock.Unlock()
+		return nil, ErrDatabaseNotOpen
+	}
+
+	// Create a transaction associated with the database.
+	t := &Tx{}
+	t.init(db)
+
+	// Keep track of transaction until it closes.
+	db.txs = append(db.txs, t)
+	n := len(db.txs)
+
+	// Unlock the meta pages.
+	db.metalock.Unlock()
+
+	// Update the transaction stats.
+	db.statlock.Lock()
+	db.stats.TxN++
+	db.stats.OpenTxN = n
+	db.statlock.Unlock()
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+func (db *DB) beginRWTx() (*Tx, error) {
+	// If the database was opened with Options.ReadOnly, return an error.
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return nil, ErrDatabaseReadOnly
+	}
+
+	// Obtain writer lock. This is released by the transaction when it closes.
+	// This enforces only one writer transaction at a time.
+	db.rwlock.Lock()
+
+	// Once we have the writer lock then we can lock the meta pages so that
+	// we can set up the transaction.
+	db.metalock.Lock()
+	defer db.metalock.Unlock()
+
+	// Exit if the database is not open yet.
+	if !db.opened {
+		db.rwlock.Unlock()
+		return nil, ErrDatabaseNotOpen
+	}
+
+	// Create a transaction associated with the database.
+	t := &Tx{writable: true}
+	t.init(db)
+	db.rwtx = t
+	db.freePages()
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+// freePages releases any pages associated with closed read-only transactions.
+func (db *DB) freePages() {
+	// Free all pending pages prior to earliest open transaction.
+	sort.Sort(txsById(db.txs))
+	minid := txid(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+	if len(db.txs) > 0 {
+		minid = db.txs[0].meta.txid
+	}
+	if minid > 0 {
+		db.freelist.release(minid - 1)
+	}
+	// Release unused txid extents.
+	for _, t := range db.txs {
+		db.freelist.releaseRange(minid, t.meta.txid-1)
+		minid = t.meta.txid + 1
+	}
+	db.freelist.releaseRange(minid, txid(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
+	// Any page both allocated and freed in an extent is safe to release.
+}
+
+type txsById []*Tx
+
+func (t txsById) Len() int           { return len(t) }
+func (t txsById) Swap(i, j int)      { t[i], t[j] = t[j], t[i] }
+func (t txsById) Less(i, j int) bool { return t[i].meta.txid < t[j].meta.txid }
+
+// removeTx removes a transaction from the database.
+func (db *DB) removeTx(tx *Tx) {
+	// Release the read lock on the mmap.
+	db.mmaplock.RUnlock()
+
+	// Use the meta lock to restrict access to the DB object.
+	db.metalock.Lock()
+
+	// Remove the transaction.
+	for i, t := range db.txs {
+		if t == tx {
+			last := len(db.txs) - 1
+			db.txs[i] = db.txs[last]
+			db.txs[last] = nil
+			db.txs = db.txs[:last]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	n := len(db.txs)
+
+	// Unlock the meta pages.
+	db.metalock.Unlock()
+
+	// Merge statistics.
+	db.statlock.Lock()
+	db.stats.OpenTxN = n
+	db.stats.TxStats.add(&tx.stats)
+	db.statlock.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Update executes a function within the context of a read-write managed transaction.
+// If no error is returned from the function then the transaction is committed.
+// If an error is returned then the entire transaction is rolled back.
+// Any error that is returned from the function or returned from the commit is
+// returned from the Update() method.
+//
+// Attempting to manually commit or rollback within the function will cause a panic.
+func (db *DB) Update(fn func(*Tx) error) error {
+	t, err := db.Begin(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the transaction rolls back in the event of a panic.
+	defer func() {
+		if t.db != nil {
+			t.rollback()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Mark as a managed tx so that the inner function cannot manually commit.
+	t.managed = true
+
+	// If an error is returned from the function then rollback and return error.
+	err = fn(t)
+	t.managed = false
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = t.Rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return t.Commit()
+}
+
+// View executes a function within the context of a managed read-only transaction.
+// Any error that is returned from the function is returned from the View() method.
+//
+// Attempting to manually rollback within the function will cause a panic.
+func (db *DB) View(fn func(*Tx) error) error {
+	t, err := db.Begin(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the transaction rolls back in the event of a panic.
+	defer func() {
+		if t.db != nil {
+			t.rollback()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Mark as a managed tx so that the inner function cannot manually rollback.
+	t.managed = true
+
+	// If an error is returned from the function then pass it through.
+	err = fn(t)
+	t.managed = false
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = t.Rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return t.Rollback()
+}
+
+// Batch calls fn as part of a batch. It behaves similar to Update,
+// except:
+//
+// 1. concurrent Batch calls can be combined into a single Bolt
+// transaction.
+//
+// 2. the function passed to Batch may be called multiple times,
+// regardless of whether it returns error or not.
+//
+// This means that Batch function side effects must be idempotent and
+// take permanent effect only after a successful return is seen in
+// caller.
+//
+// The maximum batch size and delay can be adjusted with DB.MaxBatchSize
+// and DB.MaxBatchDelay, respectively.
+//
+// Batch is only useful when there are multiple goroutines calling it.
+func (db *DB) Batch(fn func(*Tx) error) error {
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+
+	db.batchMu.Lock()
+	if (db.batch == nil) || (db.batch != nil && len(db.batch.calls) >= db.MaxBatchSize) {
+		// There is no existing batch, or the existing batch is full; start a new one.
+		db.batch = &batch{
+			db: db,
+		}
+		db.batch.timer = time.AfterFunc(db.MaxBatchDelay, db.batch.trigger)
+	}
+	db.batch.calls = append(db.batch.calls, call{fn: fn, err: errCh})
+	if len(db.batch.calls) >= db.MaxBatchSize {
+		// wake up batch, it's ready to run
+		go db.batch.trigger()
+	}
+	db.batchMu.Unlock()
+
+	err := <-errCh
+	if err == trySolo {
+		err = db.Update(fn)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+type call struct {
+	fn  func(*Tx) error
+	err chan<- error
+}
+
+type batch struct {
+	db    *DB
+	timer *time.Timer
+	start sync.Once
+	calls []call
+}
+
+// trigger runs the batch if it hasn't already been run.
+func (b *batch) trigger() {
+	b.start.Do(b.run)
+}
+
+// run performs the transactions in the batch and communicates results
+// back to DB.Batch.
+func (b *batch) run() {
+	b.db.batchMu.Lock()
+	b.timer.Stop()
+	// Make sure no new work is added to this batch, but don't break
+	// other batches.
+	if b.db.batch == b {
+		b.db.batch = nil
+	}
+	b.db.batchMu.Unlock()
+
+retry:
+	for len(b.calls) > 0 {
+		var failIdx = -1
+		err := b.db.Update(func(tx *Tx) error {
+			for i, c := range b.calls {
+				if err := safelyCall(c.fn, tx); err != nil {
+					failIdx = i
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+
+		if failIdx >= 0 {
+			// take the failing transaction out of the batch. it's
+			// safe to shorten b.calls here because db.batch no longer
+			// points to us, and we hold the mutex anyway.
+			c := b.calls[failIdx]
+			b.calls[failIdx], b.calls = b.calls[len(b.calls)-1], b.calls[:len(b.calls)-1]
+			// tell the submitter re-run it solo, continue with the rest of the batch
+			c.err <- trySolo
+			continue retry
+		}
+
+		// pass success, or bolt internal errors, to all callers
+		for _, c := range b.calls {
+			c.err <- err
+		}
+		break retry
+	}
+}
+
+// trySolo is a special sentinel error value used for signaling that a
+// transaction function should be re-run. It should never be seen by
+// callers.
+var trySolo = errors.New("batch function returned an error and should be re-run solo")
+
+type panicked struct {
+	reason interface{}
+}
+
+func (p panicked) Error() string {
+	if err, ok := p.reason.(error); ok {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("panic: %v", p.reason)
+}
+
+func safelyCall(fn func(*Tx) error, tx *Tx) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if p := recover(); p != nil {
+			err = panicked{p}
+		}
+	}()
+	return fn(tx)
+}
+
+// Sync executes fdatasync() against the database file handle.
+//
+// This is not necessary under normal operation, however, if you use NoSync
+// then it allows you to force the database file to sync against the disk.
+func (db *DB) Sync() error { return fdatasync(db) }
+
+// Stats retrieves ongoing performance stats for the database.
+// This is only updated when a transaction closes.
+func (db *DB) Stats() Stats {
+	db.statlock.RLock()
+	defer db.statlock.RUnlock()
+	return db.stats
+}
+
+// This is for internal access to the raw data bytes from the C cursor, use
+// carefully, or not at all.
+func (db *DB) Info() *Info {
+	return &Info{uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&db.data[0])), db.pageSize}
+}
+
+// page retrieves a page reference from the mmap based on the current page size.
+func (db *DB) page(id pgid) *page {
+	pos := id * pgid(db.pageSize)
+	return (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&db.data[pos]))
+}
+
+// pageInBuffer retrieves a page reference from a given byte array based on the current page size.
+func (db *DB) pageInBuffer(b []byte, id pgid) *page {
+	return (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[id*pgid(db.pageSize)]))
+}
+
+// meta retrieves the current meta page reference.
+func (db *DB) meta() *meta {
+	// We have to return the meta with the highest txid which doesn't fail
+	// validation. Otherwise, we can cause errors when in fact the database is
+	// in a consistent state. metaA is the one with the higher txid.
+	metaA := db.meta0
+	metaB := db.meta1
+	if db.meta1.txid > db.meta0.txid {
+		metaA = db.meta1
+		metaB = db.meta0
+	}
+
+	// Use higher meta page if valid. Otherwise fallback to previous, if valid.
+	if err := metaA.validate(); err == nil {
+		return metaA
+	} else if err := metaB.validate(); err == nil {
+		return metaB
+	}
+
+	// This should never be reached, because both meta1 and meta0 were validated
+	// on mmap() and we do fsync() on every write.
+	panic("bolt.DB.meta(): invalid meta pages")
+}
+
+// allocate returns a contiguous block of memory starting at a given page.
+func (db *DB) allocate(txid txid, count int) (*page, error) {
+	// Allocate a temporary buffer for the page.
+	var buf []byte
+	if count == 1 {
+		buf = db.pagePool.Get().([]byte)
+	} else {
+		buf = make([]byte, count*db.pageSize)
+	}
+	p := (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+	p.overflow = uint32(count - 1)
+
+	// Use pages from the freelist if they are available.
+	if p.id = db.freelist.allocate(txid, count); p.id != 0 {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+
+	// Resize mmap() if we're at the end.
+	p.id = db.rwtx.meta.pgid
+	var minsz = int((p.id+pgid(count))+1) * db.pageSize
+	if minsz >= db.datasz {
+		if err := db.mmap(minsz); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mmap allocate error: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Move the page id high water mark.
+	db.rwtx.meta.pgid += pgid(count)
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+// grow grows the size of the database to the given sz.
+func (db *DB) grow(sz int) error {
+	// Ignore if the new size is less than available file size.
+	if sz <= db.filesz {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If the data is smaller than the alloc size then only allocate what's needed.
+	// Once it goes over the allocation size then allocate in chunks.
+	if db.datasz < db.AllocSize {
+		sz = db.datasz
+	} else {
+		sz += db.AllocSize
+	}
+
+	// Truncate and fsync to ensure file size metadata is flushed.
+	// https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/issues/284
+	if !db.NoGrowSync && !db.readOnly {
+		if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+			if err := db.file.Truncate(int64(sz)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("file resize error: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := db.file.Sync(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("file sync error: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	db.filesz = sz
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *DB) IsReadOnly() bool {
+	return db.readOnly
+}
+
+func (db *DB) freepages() []pgid {
+	tx, err := db.beginTx()
+	defer func() {
+		err = tx.Rollback()
+		if err != nil {
+			panic("freepages: failed to rollback tx")
+		}
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("freepages: failed to open read only tx")
+	}
+
+	reachable := make(map[pgid]*page)
+	nofreed := make(map[pgid]bool)
+	ech := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		for e := range ech {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("freepages: failed to get all reachable pages (%v)", e))
+		}
+	}()
+	tx.checkBucket(&tx.root, reachable, nofreed, ech)
+	close(ech)
+
+	var fids []pgid
+	for i := pgid(2); i < db.meta().pgid; i++ {
+		if _, ok := reachable[i]; !ok {
+			fids = append(fids, i)
+		}
+	}
+	return fids
+}
+
+// Options represents the options that can be set when opening a database.
+type Options struct {
+	// Timeout is the amount of time to wait to obtain a file lock.
+	// When set to zero it will wait indefinitely. This option is only
+	// available on Darwin and Linux.
+	Timeout time.Duration
+
+	// Sets the DB.NoGrowSync flag before memory mapping the file.
+	NoGrowSync bool
+
+	// Do not sync freelist to disk. This improves the database write performance
+	// under normal operation, but requires a full database re-sync during recovery.
+	NoFreelistSync bool
+
+	// FreelistType sets the backend freelist type. There are two options. Array which is simple but endures
+	// dramatic performance degradation if database is large and framentation in freelist is common.
+	// The alternative one is using hashmap, it is faster in almost all circumstances
+	// but it doesn't guarantee that it offers the smallest page id available. In normal case it is safe.
+	// The default type is array
+	FreelistType FreelistType
+
+	// Open database in read-only mode. Uses flock(..., LOCK_SH |LOCK_NB) to
+	// grab a shared lock (UNIX).
+	ReadOnly bool
+
+	// Sets the DB.MmapFlags flag before memory mapping the file.
+	MmapFlags int
+
+	// InitialMmapSize is the initial mmap size of the database
+	// in bytes. Read transactions won't block write transaction
+	// if the InitialMmapSize is large enough to hold database mmap
+	// size. (See DB.Begin for more information)
+	//
+	// If <=0, the initial map size is 0.
+	// If initialMmapSize is smaller than the previous database size,
+	// it takes no effect.
+	InitialMmapSize int
+
+	// PageSize overrides the default OS page size.
+	PageSize int
+
+	// NoSync sets the initial value of DB.NoSync. Normally this can just be
+	// set directly on the DB itself when returned from Open(), but this option
+	// is useful in APIs which expose Options but not the underlying DB.
+	NoSync bool
+}
+
+// DefaultOptions represent the options used if nil options are passed into Open().
+// No timeout is used which will cause Bolt to wait indefinitely for a lock.
+var DefaultOptions = &Options{
+	Timeout:      0,
+	NoGrowSync:   false,
+	FreelistType: FreelistArrayType,
+}
+
+// Stats represents statistics about the database.
+type Stats struct {
+	// Freelist stats
+	FreePageN     int // total number of free pages on the freelist
+	PendingPageN  int // total number of pending pages on the freelist
+	FreeAlloc     int // total bytes allocated in free pages
+	FreelistInuse int // total bytes used by the freelist
+
+	// Transaction stats
+	TxN     int // total number of started read transactions
+	OpenTxN int // number of currently open read transactions
+
+	TxStats TxStats // global, ongoing stats.
+}
+
+// Sub calculates and returns the difference between two sets of database stats.
+// This is useful when obtaining stats at two different points and time and
+// you need the performance counters that occurred within that time span.
+func (s *Stats) Sub(other *Stats) Stats {
+	if other == nil {
+		return *s
+	}
+	var diff Stats
+	diff.FreePageN = s.FreePageN
+	diff.PendingPageN = s.PendingPageN
+	diff.FreeAlloc = s.FreeAlloc
+	diff.FreelistInuse = s.FreelistInuse
+	diff.TxN = s.TxN - other.TxN
+	diff.TxStats = s.TxStats.Sub(&other.TxStats)
+	return diff
+}
+
+type Info struct {
+	Data     uintptr
+	PageSize int
+}
+
+type meta struct {
+	magic    uint32
+	version  uint32
+	pageSize uint32
+	flags    uint32
+	root     bucket
+	freelist pgid
+	pgid     pgid
+	txid     txid
+	checksum uint64
+}
+
+// validate checks the marker bytes and version of the meta page to ensure it matches this binary.
+func (m *meta) validate() error {
+	if m.magic != magic {
+		return ErrInvalid
+	} else if m.version != version {
+		return ErrVersionMismatch
+	} else if m.checksum != 0 && m.checksum != m.sum64() {
+		return ErrChecksum
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// copy copies one meta object to another.
+func (m *meta) copy(dest *meta) {
+	*dest = *m
+}
+
+// write writes the meta onto a page.
+func (m *meta) write(p *page) {
+	if m.root.root >= m.pgid {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("root bucket pgid (%d) above high water mark (%d)", m.root.root, m.pgid))
+	} else if m.freelist >= m.pgid && m.freelist != pgidNoFreelist {
+		// TODO: reject pgidNoFreeList if !NoFreelistSync
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("freelist pgid (%d) above high water mark (%d)", m.freelist, m.pgid))
+	}
+
+	// Page id is either going to be 0 or 1 which we can determine by the transaction ID.
+	p.id = pgid(m.txid % 2)
+	p.flags |= metaPageFlag
+
+	// Calculate the checksum.
+	m.checksum = m.sum64()
+
+	m.copy(p.meta())
+}
+
+// generates the checksum for the meta.
+func (m *meta) sum64() uint64 {
+	var h = fnv.New64a()
+	_, _ = h.Write((*[unsafe.Offsetof(meta{}.checksum)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(m))[:])
+	return h.Sum64()
+}
+
+// _assert will panic with a given formatted message if the given condition is false.
+func _assert(condition bool, msg string, v ...interface{}) {
+	if !condition {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("assertion failed: "+msg, v...))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/doc.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95f25f01c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+package bbolt implements a low-level key/value store in pure Go. It supports
+fully serializable transactions, ACID semantics, and lock-free MVCC with
+multiple readers and a single writer. Bolt can be used for projects that
+want a simple data store without the need to add large dependencies such as
+Postgres or MySQL.
+
+Bolt is a single-level, zero-copy, B+tree data store. This means that Bolt is
+optimized for fast read access and does not require recovery in the event of a
+system crash. Transactions which have not finished committing will simply be
+rolled back in the event of a crash.
+
+The design of Bolt is based on Howard Chu's LMDB database project.
+
+Bolt currently works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
+
+
+Basics
+
+There are only a few types in Bolt: DB, Bucket, Tx, and Cursor. The DB is
+a collection of buckets and is represented by a single file on disk. A bucket is
+a collection of unique keys that are associated with values.
+
+Transactions provide either read-only or read-write access to the database.
+Read-only transactions can retrieve key/value pairs and can use Cursors to
+iterate over the dataset sequentially. Read-write transactions can create and
+delete buckets and can insert and remove keys. Only one read-write transaction
+is allowed at a time.
+
+
+Caveats
+
+The database uses a read-only, memory-mapped data file to ensure that
+applications cannot corrupt the database, however, this means that keys and
+values returned from Bolt cannot be changed. Writing to a read-only byte slice
+will cause Go to panic.
+
+Keys and values retrieved from the database are only valid for the life of
+the transaction. When used outside the transaction, these byte slices can
+point to different data or can point to invalid memory which will cause a panic.
+
+
+*/
+package bbolt
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/errors.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/errors.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48758ca57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/errors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import "errors"
+
+// These errors can be returned when opening or calling methods on a DB.
+var (
+	// ErrDatabaseNotOpen is returned when a DB instance is accessed before it
+	// is opened or after it is closed.
+	ErrDatabaseNotOpen = errors.New("database not open")
+
+	// ErrDatabaseOpen is returned when opening a database that is
+	// already open.
+	ErrDatabaseOpen = errors.New("database already open")
+
+	// ErrInvalid is returned when both meta pages on a database are invalid.
+	// This typically occurs when a file is not a bolt database.
+	ErrInvalid = errors.New("invalid database")
+
+	// ErrVersionMismatch is returned when the data file was created with a
+	// different version of Bolt.
+	ErrVersionMismatch = errors.New("version mismatch")
+
+	// ErrChecksum is returned when either meta page checksum does not match.
+	ErrChecksum = errors.New("checksum error")
+
+	// ErrTimeout is returned when a database cannot obtain an exclusive lock
+	// on the data file after the timeout passed to Open().
+	ErrTimeout = errors.New("timeout")
+)
+
+// These errors can occur when beginning or committing a Tx.
+var (
+	// ErrTxNotWritable is returned when performing a write operation on a
+	// read-only transaction.
+	ErrTxNotWritable = errors.New("tx not writable")
+
+	// ErrTxClosed is returned when committing or rolling back a transaction
+	// that has already been committed or rolled back.
+	ErrTxClosed = errors.New("tx closed")
+
+	// ErrDatabaseReadOnly is returned when a mutating transaction is started on a
+	// read-only database.
+	ErrDatabaseReadOnly = errors.New("database is in read-only mode")
+)
+
+// These errors can occur when putting or deleting a value or a bucket.
+var (
+	// ErrBucketNotFound is returned when trying to access a bucket that has
+	// not been created yet.
+	ErrBucketNotFound = errors.New("bucket not found")
+
+	// ErrBucketExists is returned when creating a bucket that already exists.
+	ErrBucketExists = errors.New("bucket already exists")
+
+	// ErrBucketNameRequired is returned when creating a bucket with a blank name.
+	ErrBucketNameRequired = errors.New("bucket name required")
+
+	// ErrKeyRequired is returned when inserting a zero-length key.
+	ErrKeyRequired = errors.New("key required")
+
+	// ErrKeyTooLarge is returned when inserting a key that is larger than MaxKeySize.
+	ErrKeyTooLarge = errors.New("key too large")
+
+	// ErrValueTooLarge is returned when inserting a value that is larger than MaxValueSize.
+	ErrValueTooLarge = errors.New("value too large")
+
+	// ErrIncompatibleValue is returned when trying create or delete a bucket
+	// on an existing non-bucket key or when trying to create or delete a
+	// non-bucket key on an existing bucket key.
+	ErrIncompatibleValue = errors.New("incompatible value")
+)
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93fd85d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist.go
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// txPending holds a list of pgids and corresponding allocation txns
+// that are pending to be freed.
+type txPending struct {
+	ids              []pgid
+	alloctx          []txid // txids allocating the ids
+	lastReleaseBegin txid   // beginning txid of last matching releaseRange
+}
+
+// pidSet holds the set of starting pgids which have the same span size
+type pidSet map[pgid]struct{}
+
+// freelist represents a list of all pages that are available for allocation.
+// It also tracks pages that have been freed but are still in use by open transactions.
+type freelist struct {
+	freelistType   FreelistType                // freelist type
+	ids            []pgid                      // all free and available free page ids.
+	allocs         map[pgid]txid               // mapping of txid that allocated a pgid.
+	pending        map[txid]*txPending         // mapping of soon-to-be free page ids by tx.
+	cache          map[pgid]bool               // fast lookup of all free and pending page ids.
+	freemaps       map[uint64]pidSet           // key is the size of continuous pages(span), value is a set which contains the starting pgids of same size
+	forwardMap     map[pgid]uint64             // key is start pgid, value is its span size
+	backwardMap    map[pgid]uint64             // key is end pgid, value is its span size
+	allocate       func(txid txid, n int) pgid // the freelist allocate func
+	free_count     func() int                  // the function which gives you free page number
+	mergeSpans     func(ids pgids)             // the mergeSpan func
+	getFreePageIDs func() []pgid               // get free pgids func
+	readIDs        func(pgids []pgid)          // readIDs func reads list of pages and init the freelist
+}
+
+// newFreelist returns an empty, initialized freelist.
+func newFreelist(freelistType FreelistType) *freelist {
+	f := &freelist{
+		freelistType: freelistType,
+		allocs:       make(map[pgid]txid),
+		pending:      make(map[txid]*txPending),
+		cache:        make(map[pgid]bool),
+		freemaps:     make(map[uint64]pidSet),
+		forwardMap:   make(map[pgid]uint64),
+		backwardMap:  make(map[pgid]uint64),
+	}
+
+	if freelistType == FreelistMapType {
+		f.allocate = f.hashmapAllocate
+		f.free_count = f.hashmapFreeCount
+		f.mergeSpans = f.hashmapMergeSpans
+		f.getFreePageIDs = f.hashmapGetFreePageIDs
+		f.readIDs = f.hashmapReadIDs
+	} else {
+		f.allocate = f.arrayAllocate
+		f.free_count = f.arrayFreeCount
+		f.mergeSpans = f.arrayMergeSpans
+		f.getFreePageIDs = f.arrayGetFreePageIDs
+		f.readIDs = f.arrayReadIDs
+	}
+
+	return f
+}
+
+// size returns the size of the page after serialization.
+func (f *freelist) size() int {
+	n := f.count()
+	if n >= 0xFFFF {
+		// The first element will be used to store the count. See freelist.write.
+		n++
+	}
+	return pageHeaderSize + (int(unsafe.Sizeof(pgid(0))) * n)
+}
+
+// count returns count of pages on the freelist
+func (f *freelist) count() int {
+	return f.free_count() + f.pending_count()
+}
+
+// arrayFreeCount returns count of free pages(array version)
+func (f *freelist) arrayFreeCount() int {
+	return len(f.ids)
+}
+
+// pending_count returns count of pending pages
+func (f *freelist) pending_count() int {
+	var count int
+	for _, txp := range f.pending {
+		count += len(txp.ids)
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// copyall copies into dst a list of all free ids and all pending ids in one sorted list.
+// f.count returns the minimum length required for dst.
+func (f *freelist) copyall(dst []pgid) {
+	m := make(pgids, 0, f.pending_count())
+	for _, txp := range f.pending {
+		m = append(m, txp.ids...)
+	}
+	sort.Sort(m)
+	mergepgids(dst, f.getFreePageIDs(), m)
+}
+
+// arrayAllocate returns the starting page id of a contiguous list of pages of a given size.
+// If a contiguous block cannot be found then 0 is returned.
+func (f *freelist) arrayAllocate(txid txid, n int) pgid {
+	if len(f.ids) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	var initial, previd pgid
+	for i, id := range f.ids {
+		if id <= 1 {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid page allocation: %d", id))
+		}
+
+		// Reset initial page if this is not contiguous.
+		if previd == 0 || id-previd != 1 {
+			initial = id
+		}
+
+		// If we found a contiguous block then remove it and return it.
+		if (id-initial)+1 == pgid(n) {
+			// If we're allocating off the beginning then take the fast path
+			// and just adjust the existing slice. This will use extra memory
+			// temporarily but the append() in free() will realloc the slice
+			// as is necessary.
+			if (i + 1) == n {
+				f.ids = f.ids[i+1:]
+			} else {
+				copy(f.ids[i-n+1:], f.ids[i+1:])
+				f.ids = f.ids[:len(f.ids)-n]
+			}
+
+			// Remove from the free cache.
+			for i := pgid(0); i < pgid(n); i++ {
+				delete(f.cache, initial+i)
+			}
+			f.allocs[initial] = txid
+			return initial
+		}
+
+		previd = id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// free releases a page and its overflow for a given transaction id.
+// If the page is already free then a panic will occur.
+func (f *freelist) free(txid txid, p *page) {
+	if p.id <= 1 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot free page 0 or 1: %d", p.id))
+	}
+
+	// Free page and all its overflow pages.
+	txp := f.pending[txid]
+	if txp == nil {
+		txp = &txPending{}
+		f.pending[txid] = txp
+	}
+	allocTxid, ok := f.allocs[p.id]
+	if ok {
+		delete(f.allocs, p.id)
+	} else if (p.flags & freelistPageFlag) != 0 {
+		// Freelist is always allocated by prior tx.
+		allocTxid = txid - 1
+	}
+
+	for id := p.id; id <= p.id+pgid(p.overflow); id++ {
+		// Verify that page is not already free.
+		if f.cache[id] {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("page %d already freed", id))
+		}
+		// Add to the freelist and cache.
+		txp.ids = append(txp.ids, id)
+		txp.alloctx = append(txp.alloctx, allocTxid)
+		f.cache[id] = true
+	}
+}
+
+// release moves all page ids for a transaction id (or older) to the freelist.
+func (f *freelist) release(txid txid) {
+	m := make(pgids, 0)
+	for tid, txp := range f.pending {
+		if tid <= txid {
+			// Move transaction's pending pages to the available freelist.
+			// Don't remove from the cache since the page is still free.
+			m = append(m, txp.ids...)
+			delete(f.pending, tid)
+		}
+	}
+	f.mergeSpans(m)
+}
+
+// releaseRange moves pending pages allocated within an extent [begin,end] to the free list.
+func (f *freelist) releaseRange(begin, end txid) {
+	if begin > end {
+		return
+	}
+	var m pgids
+	for tid, txp := range f.pending {
+		if tid < begin || tid > end {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Don't recompute freed pages if ranges haven't updated.
+		if txp.lastReleaseBegin == begin {
+			continue
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < len(txp.ids); i++ {
+			if atx := txp.alloctx[i]; atx < begin || atx > end {
+				continue
+			}
+			m = append(m, txp.ids[i])
+			txp.ids[i] = txp.ids[len(txp.ids)-1]
+			txp.ids = txp.ids[:len(txp.ids)-1]
+			txp.alloctx[i] = txp.alloctx[len(txp.alloctx)-1]
+			txp.alloctx = txp.alloctx[:len(txp.alloctx)-1]
+			i--
+		}
+		txp.lastReleaseBegin = begin
+		if len(txp.ids) == 0 {
+			delete(f.pending, tid)
+		}
+	}
+	f.mergeSpans(m)
+}
+
+// rollback removes the pages from a given pending tx.
+func (f *freelist) rollback(txid txid) {
+	// Remove page ids from cache.
+	txp := f.pending[txid]
+	if txp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var m pgids
+	for i, pgid := range txp.ids {
+		delete(f.cache, pgid)
+		tx := txp.alloctx[i]
+		if tx == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if tx != txid {
+			// Pending free aborted; restore page back to alloc list.
+			f.allocs[pgid] = tx
+		} else {
+			// Freed page was allocated by this txn; OK to throw away.
+			m = append(m, pgid)
+		}
+	}
+	// Remove pages from pending list and mark as free if allocated by txid.
+	delete(f.pending, txid)
+	f.mergeSpans(m)
+}
+
+// freed returns whether a given page is in the free list.
+func (f *freelist) freed(pgid pgid) bool {
+	return f.cache[pgid]
+}
+
+// read initializes the freelist from a freelist page.
+func (f *freelist) read(p *page) {
+	if (p.flags & freelistPageFlag) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid freelist page: %d, page type is %s", p.id, p.typ()))
+	}
+	// If the page.count is at the max uint16 value (64k) then it's considered
+	// an overflow and the size of the freelist is stored as the first element.
+	idx, count := 0, int(p.count)
+	if count == 0xFFFF {
+		idx = 1
+		count = int(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[0])
+	}
+
+	// Copy the list of page ids from the freelist.
+	if count == 0 {
+		f.ids = nil
+	} else {
+		ids := ((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[idx : idx+count]
+
+		// copy the ids, so we don't modify on the freelist page directly
+		idsCopy := make([]pgid, count)
+		copy(idsCopy, ids)
+		// Make sure they're sorted.
+		sort.Sort(pgids(idsCopy))
+
+		f.readIDs(idsCopy)
+	}
+}
+
+// arrayReadIDs initializes the freelist from a given list of ids.
+func (f *freelist) arrayReadIDs(ids []pgid) {
+	f.ids = ids
+	f.reindex()
+}
+
+func (f *freelist) arrayGetFreePageIDs() []pgid {
+	return f.ids
+}
+
+// write writes the page ids onto a freelist page. All free and pending ids are
+// saved to disk since in the event of a program crash, all pending ids will
+// become free.
+func (f *freelist) write(p *page) error {
+	// Combine the old free pgids and pgids waiting on an open transaction.
+
+	// Update the header flag.
+	p.flags |= freelistPageFlag
+
+	// The page.count can only hold up to 64k elements so if we overflow that
+	// number then we handle it by putting the size in the first element.
+	lenids := f.count()
+	if lenids == 0 {
+		p.count = uint16(lenids)
+	} else if lenids < 0xFFFF {
+		p.count = uint16(lenids)
+		f.copyall(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[:])
+	} else {
+		p.count = 0xFFFF
+		((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[0] = pgid(lenids)
+		f.copyall(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[1:])
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// reload reads the freelist from a page and filters out pending items.
+func (f *freelist) reload(p *page) {
+	f.read(p)
+
+	// Build a cache of only pending pages.
+	pcache := make(map[pgid]bool)
+	for _, txp := range f.pending {
+		for _, pendingID := range txp.ids {
+			pcache[pendingID] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check each page in the freelist and build a new available freelist
+	// with any pages not in the pending lists.
+	var a []pgid
+	for _, id := range f.getFreePageIDs() {
+		if !pcache[id] {
+			a = append(a, id)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.readIDs(a)
+}
+
+// reindex rebuilds the free cache based on available and pending free lists.
+func (f *freelist) reindex() {
+	ids := f.getFreePageIDs()
+	f.cache = make(map[pgid]bool, len(ids))
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		f.cache[id] = true
+	}
+	for _, txp := range f.pending {
+		for _, pendingID := range txp.ids {
+			f.cache[pendingID] = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// arrayMergeSpans try to merge list of pages(represented by pgids) with existing spans but using array
+func (f *freelist) arrayMergeSpans(ids pgids) {
+	sort.Sort(ids)
+	f.ids = pgids(f.ids).merge(ids)
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist_hmap.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist_hmap.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a03a6c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/freelist_hmap.go
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import "sort"
+
+// hashmapFreeCount returns count of free pages(hashmap version)
+func (f *freelist) hashmapFreeCount() int {
+	// use the forwardmap to get the total count
+	count := 0
+	for _, size := range f.forwardMap {
+		count += int(size)
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// hashmapAllocate serves the same purpose as arrayAllocate, but use hashmap as backend
+func (f *freelist) hashmapAllocate(txid txid, n int) pgid {
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	// if we have a exact size match just return short path
+	if bm, ok := f.freemaps[uint64(n)]; ok {
+		for pid := range bm {
+			// remove the span
+			f.delSpan(pid, uint64(n))
+
+			f.allocs[pid] = txid
+
+			for i := pgid(0); i < pgid(n); i++ {
+				delete(f.cache, pid+pgid(i))
+			}
+			return pid
+		}
+	}
+
+	// lookup the map to find larger span
+	for size, bm := range f.freemaps {
+		if size < uint64(n) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for pid := range bm {
+			// remove the initial
+			f.delSpan(pid, uint64(size))
+
+			f.allocs[pid] = txid
+
+			remain := size - uint64(n)
+
+			// add remain span
+			f.addSpan(pid+pgid(n), remain)
+
+			for i := pgid(0); i < pgid(n); i++ {
+				delete(f.cache, pid+pgid(i))
+			}
+			return pid
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+// hashmapReadIDs reads pgids as input an initial the freelist(hashmap version)
+func (f *freelist) hashmapReadIDs(pgids []pgid) {
+	f.init(pgids)
+
+	// Rebuild the page cache.
+	f.reindex()
+}
+
+// hashmapGetFreePageIDs returns the sorted free page ids
+func (f *freelist) hashmapGetFreePageIDs() []pgid {
+	count := f.free_count()
+	if count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	m := make([]pgid, 0, count)
+	for start, size := range f.forwardMap {
+		for i := 0; i < int(size); i++ {
+			m = append(m, start+pgid(i))
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Sort(pgids(m))
+
+	return m
+}
+
+// hashmapMergeSpans try to merge list of pages(represented by pgids) with existing spans
+func (f *freelist) hashmapMergeSpans(ids pgids) {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		// try to see if we can merge and update
+		f.mergeWithExistingSpan(id)
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeWithExistingSpan merges pid to the existing free spans, try to merge it backward and forward
+func (f *freelist) mergeWithExistingSpan(pid pgid) {
+	prev := pid - 1
+	next := pid + 1
+
+	preSize, mergeWithPrev := f.backwardMap[prev]
+	nextSize, mergeWithNext := f.forwardMap[next]
+	newStart := pid
+	newSize := uint64(1)
+
+	if mergeWithPrev {
+		//merge with previous span
+		start := prev + 1 - pgid(preSize)
+		f.delSpan(start, preSize)
+
+		newStart -= pgid(preSize)
+		newSize += preSize
+	}
+
+	if mergeWithNext {
+		// merge with next span
+		f.delSpan(next, nextSize)
+		newSize += nextSize
+	}
+
+	f.addSpan(newStart, newSize)
+}
+
+func (f *freelist) addSpan(start pgid, size uint64) {
+	f.backwardMap[start-1+pgid(size)] = size
+	f.forwardMap[start] = size
+	if _, ok := f.freemaps[size]; !ok {
+		f.freemaps[size] = make(map[pgid]struct{})
+	}
+
+	f.freemaps[size][start] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+func (f *freelist) delSpan(start pgid, size uint64) {
+	delete(f.forwardMap, start)
+	delete(f.backwardMap, start+pgid(size-1))
+	delete(f.freemaps[size], start)
+	if len(f.freemaps[size]) == 0 {
+		delete(f.freemaps, size)
+	}
+}
+
+// initial from pgids using when use hashmap version
+// pgids must be sorted
+func (f *freelist) init(pgids []pgid) {
+	if len(pgids) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	size := uint64(1)
+	start := pgids[0]
+
+	if !sort.SliceIsSorted([]pgid(pgids), func(i, j int) bool { return pgids[i] < pgids[j] }) {
+		panic("pgids not sorted")
+	}
+
+	f.freemaps = make(map[uint64]pidSet)
+	f.forwardMap = make(map[pgid]uint64)
+	f.backwardMap = make(map[pgid]uint64)
+
+	for i := 1; i < len(pgids); i++ {
+		// continuous page
+		if pgids[i] == pgids[i-1]+1 {
+			size++
+		} else {
+			f.addSpan(start, size)
+
+			size = 1
+			start = pgids[i]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// init the tail
+	if size != 0 && start != 0 {
+		f.addSpan(start, size)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/node.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/node.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c3fa553e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/node.go
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// node represents an in-memory, deserialized page.
+type node struct {
+	bucket     *Bucket
+	isLeaf     bool
+	unbalanced bool
+	spilled    bool
+	key        []byte
+	pgid       pgid
+	parent     *node
+	children   nodes
+	inodes     inodes
+}
+
+// root returns the top-level node this node is attached to.
+func (n *node) root() *node {
+	if n.parent == nil {
+		return n
+	}
+	return n.parent.root()
+}
+
+// minKeys returns the minimum number of inodes this node should have.
+func (n *node) minKeys() int {
+	if n.isLeaf {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 2
+}
+
+// size returns the size of the node after serialization.
+func (n *node) size() int {
+	sz, elsz := pageHeaderSize, n.pageElementSize()
+	for i := 0; i < len(n.inodes); i++ {
+		item := &n.inodes[i]
+		sz += elsz + len(item.key) + len(item.value)
+	}
+	return sz
+}
+
+// sizeLessThan returns true if the node is less than a given size.
+// This is an optimization to avoid calculating a large node when we only need
+// to know if it fits inside a certain page size.
+func (n *node) sizeLessThan(v int) bool {
+	sz, elsz := pageHeaderSize, n.pageElementSize()
+	for i := 0; i < len(n.inodes); i++ {
+		item := &n.inodes[i]
+		sz += elsz + len(item.key) + len(item.value)
+		if sz >= v {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// pageElementSize returns the size of each page element based on the type of node.
+func (n *node) pageElementSize() int {
+	if n.isLeaf {
+		return leafPageElementSize
+	}
+	return branchPageElementSize
+}
+
+// childAt returns the child node at a given index.
+func (n *node) childAt(index int) *node {
+	if n.isLeaf {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid childAt(%d) on a leaf node", index))
+	}
+	return n.bucket.node(n.inodes[index].pgid, n)
+}
+
+// childIndex returns the index of a given child node.
+func (n *node) childIndex(child *node) int {
+	index := sort.Search(len(n.inodes), func(i int) bool { return bytes.Compare(n.inodes[i].key, child.key) != -1 })
+	return index
+}
+
+// numChildren returns the number of children.
+func (n *node) numChildren() int {
+	return len(n.inodes)
+}
+
+// nextSibling returns the next node with the same parent.
+func (n *node) nextSibling() *node {
+	if n.parent == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	index := n.parent.childIndex(n)
+	if index >= n.parent.numChildren()-1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.parent.childAt(index + 1)
+}
+
+// prevSibling returns the previous node with the same parent.
+func (n *node) prevSibling() *node {
+	if n.parent == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	index := n.parent.childIndex(n)
+	if index == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.parent.childAt(index - 1)
+}
+
+// put inserts a key/value.
+func (n *node) put(oldKey, newKey, value []byte, pgid pgid, flags uint32) {
+	if pgid >= n.bucket.tx.meta.pgid {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pgid (%d) above high water mark (%d)", pgid, n.bucket.tx.meta.pgid))
+	} else if len(oldKey) <= 0 {
+		panic("put: zero-length old key")
+	} else if len(newKey) <= 0 {
+		panic("put: zero-length new key")
+	}
+
+	// Find insertion index.
+	index := sort.Search(len(n.inodes), func(i int) bool { return bytes.Compare(n.inodes[i].key, oldKey) != -1 })
+
+	// Add capacity and shift nodes if we don't have an exact match and need to insert.
+	exact := (len(n.inodes) > 0 && index < len(n.inodes) && bytes.Equal(n.inodes[index].key, oldKey))
+	if !exact {
+		n.inodes = append(n.inodes, inode{})
+		copy(n.inodes[index+1:], n.inodes[index:])
+	}
+
+	inode := &n.inodes[index]
+	inode.flags = flags
+	inode.key = newKey
+	inode.value = value
+	inode.pgid = pgid
+	_assert(len(inode.key) > 0, "put: zero-length inode key")
+}
+
+// del removes a key from the node.
+func (n *node) del(key []byte) {
+	// Find index of key.
+	index := sort.Search(len(n.inodes), func(i int) bool { return bytes.Compare(n.inodes[i].key, key) != -1 })
+
+	// Exit if the key isn't found.
+	if index >= len(n.inodes) || !bytes.Equal(n.inodes[index].key, key) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Delete inode from the node.
+	n.inodes = append(n.inodes[:index], n.inodes[index+1:]...)
+
+	// Mark the node as needing rebalancing.
+	n.unbalanced = true
+}
+
+// read initializes the node from a page.
+func (n *node) read(p *page) {
+	n.pgid = p.id
+	n.isLeaf = ((p.flags & leafPageFlag) != 0)
+	n.inodes = make(inodes, int(p.count))
+
+	for i := 0; i < int(p.count); i++ {
+		inode := &n.inodes[i]
+		if n.isLeaf {
+			elem := p.leafPageElement(uint16(i))
+			inode.flags = elem.flags
+			inode.key = elem.key()
+			inode.value = elem.value()
+		} else {
+			elem := p.branchPageElement(uint16(i))
+			inode.pgid = elem.pgid
+			inode.key = elem.key()
+		}
+		_assert(len(inode.key) > 0, "read: zero-length inode key")
+	}
+
+	// Save first key so we can find the node in the parent when we spill.
+	if len(n.inodes) > 0 {
+		n.key = n.inodes[0].key
+		_assert(len(n.key) > 0, "read: zero-length node key")
+	} else {
+		n.key = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// write writes the items onto one or more pages.
+func (n *node) write(p *page) {
+	// Initialize page.
+	if n.isLeaf {
+		p.flags |= leafPageFlag
+	} else {
+		p.flags |= branchPageFlag
+	}
+
+	if len(n.inodes) >= 0xFFFF {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("inode overflow: %d (pgid=%d)", len(n.inodes), p.id))
+	}
+	p.count = uint16(len(n.inodes))
+
+	// Stop here if there are no items to write.
+	if p.count == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Loop over each item and write it to the page.
+	b := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr))[n.pageElementSize()*len(n.inodes):]
+	for i, item := range n.inodes {
+		_assert(len(item.key) > 0, "write: zero-length inode key")
+
+		// Write the page element.
+		if n.isLeaf {
+			elem := p.leafPageElement(uint16(i))
+			elem.pos = uint32(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])) - uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(elem)))
+			elem.flags = item.flags
+			elem.ksize = uint32(len(item.key))
+			elem.vsize = uint32(len(item.value))
+		} else {
+			elem := p.branchPageElement(uint16(i))
+			elem.pos = uint32(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])) - uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(elem)))
+			elem.ksize = uint32(len(item.key))
+			elem.pgid = item.pgid
+			_assert(elem.pgid != p.id, "write: circular dependency occurred")
+		}
+
+		// If the length of key+value is larger than the max allocation size
+		// then we need to reallocate the byte array pointer.
+		//
+		// See: https://github.com/boltdb/bolt/pull/335
+		klen, vlen := len(item.key), len(item.value)
+		if len(b) < klen+vlen {
+			b = (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]))[:]
+		}
+
+		// Write data for the element to the end of the page.
+		copy(b[0:], item.key)
+		b = b[klen:]
+		copy(b[0:], item.value)
+		b = b[vlen:]
+	}
+
+	// DEBUG ONLY: n.dump()
+}
+
+// split breaks up a node into multiple smaller nodes, if appropriate.
+// This should only be called from the spill() function.
+func (n *node) split(pageSize int) []*node {
+	var nodes []*node
+
+	node := n
+	for {
+		// Split node into two.
+		a, b := node.splitTwo(pageSize)
+		nodes = append(nodes, a)
+
+		// If we can't split then exit the loop.
+		if b == nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Set node to b so it gets split on the next iteration.
+		node = b
+	}
+
+	return nodes
+}
+
+// splitTwo breaks up a node into two smaller nodes, if appropriate.
+// This should only be called from the split() function.
+func (n *node) splitTwo(pageSize int) (*node, *node) {
+	// Ignore the split if the page doesn't have at least enough nodes for
+	// two pages or if the nodes can fit in a single page.
+	if len(n.inodes) <= (minKeysPerPage*2) || n.sizeLessThan(pageSize) {
+		return n, nil
+	}
+
+	// Determine the threshold before starting a new node.
+	var fillPercent = n.bucket.FillPercent
+	if fillPercent < minFillPercent {
+		fillPercent = minFillPercent
+	} else if fillPercent > maxFillPercent {
+		fillPercent = maxFillPercent
+	}
+	threshold := int(float64(pageSize) * fillPercent)
+
+	// Determine split position and sizes of the two pages.
+	splitIndex, _ := n.splitIndex(threshold)
+
+	// Split node into two separate nodes.
+	// If there's no parent then we'll need to create one.
+	if n.parent == nil {
+		n.parent = &node{bucket: n.bucket, children: []*node{n}}
+	}
+
+	// Create a new node and add it to the parent.
+	next := &node{bucket: n.bucket, isLeaf: n.isLeaf, parent: n.parent}
+	n.parent.children = append(n.parent.children, next)
+
+	// Split inodes across two nodes.
+	next.inodes = n.inodes[splitIndex:]
+	n.inodes = n.inodes[:splitIndex]
+
+	// Update the statistics.
+	n.bucket.tx.stats.Split++
+
+	return n, next
+}
+
+// splitIndex finds the position where a page will fill a given threshold.
+// It returns the index as well as the size of the first page.
+// This is only be called from split().
+func (n *node) splitIndex(threshold int) (index, sz int) {
+	sz = pageHeaderSize
+
+	// Loop until we only have the minimum number of keys required for the second page.
+	for i := 0; i < len(n.inodes)-minKeysPerPage; i++ {
+		index = i
+		inode := n.inodes[i]
+		elsize := n.pageElementSize() + len(inode.key) + len(inode.value)
+
+		// If we have at least the minimum number of keys and adding another
+		// node would put us over the threshold then exit and return.
+		if i >= minKeysPerPage && sz+elsize > threshold {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Add the element size to the total size.
+		sz += elsize
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// spill writes the nodes to dirty pages and splits nodes as it goes.
+// Returns an error if dirty pages cannot be allocated.
+func (n *node) spill() error {
+	var tx = n.bucket.tx
+	if n.spilled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Spill child nodes first. Child nodes can materialize sibling nodes in
+	// the case of split-merge so we cannot use a range loop. We have to check
+	// the children size on every loop iteration.
+	sort.Sort(n.children)
+	for i := 0; i < len(n.children); i++ {
+		if err := n.children[i].spill(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We no longer need the child list because it's only used for spill tracking.
+	n.children = nil
+
+	// Split nodes into appropriate sizes. The first node will always be n.
+	var nodes = n.split(tx.db.pageSize)
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		// Add node's page to the freelist if it's not new.
+		if node.pgid > 0 {
+			tx.db.freelist.free(tx.meta.txid, tx.page(node.pgid))
+			node.pgid = 0
+		}
+
+		// Allocate contiguous space for the node.
+		p, err := tx.allocate((node.size() + tx.db.pageSize - 1) / tx.db.pageSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Write the node.
+		if p.id >= tx.meta.pgid {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("pgid (%d) above high water mark (%d)", p.id, tx.meta.pgid))
+		}
+		node.pgid = p.id
+		node.write(p)
+		node.spilled = true
+
+		// Insert into parent inodes.
+		if node.parent != nil {
+			var key = node.key
+			if key == nil {
+				key = node.inodes[0].key
+			}
+
+			node.parent.put(key, node.inodes[0].key, nil, node.pgid, 0)
+			node.key = node.inodes[0].key
+			_assert(len(node.key) > 0, "spill: zero-length node key")
+		}
+
+		// Update the statistics.
+		tx.stats.Spill++
+	}
+
+	// If the root node split and created a new root then we need to spill that
+	// as well. We'll clear out the children to make sure it doesn't try to respill.
+	if n.parent != nil && n.parent.pgid == 0 {
+		n.children = nil
+		return n.parent.spill()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rebalance attempts to combine the node with sibling nodes if the node fill
+// size is below a threshold or if there are not enough keys.
+func (n *node) rebalance() {
+	if !n.unbalanced {
+		return
+	}
+	n.unbalanced = false
+
+	// Update statistics.
+	n.bucket.tx.stats.Rebalance++
+
+	// Ignore if node is above threshold (25%) and has enough keys.
+	var threshold = n.bucket.tx.db.pageSize / 4
+	if n.size() > threshold && len(n.inodes) > n.minKeys() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Root node has special handling.
+	if n.parent == nil {
+		// If root node is a branch and only has one node then collapse it.
+		if !n.isLeaf && len(n.inodes) == 1 {
+			// Move root's child up.
+			child := n.bucket.node(n.inodes[0].pgid, n)
+			n.isLeaf = child.isLeaf
+			n.inodes = child.inodes[:]
+			n.children = child.children
+
+			// Reparent all child nodes being moved.
+			for _, inode := range n.inodes {
+				if child, ok := n.bucket.nodes[inode.pgid]; ok {
+					child.parent = n
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Remove old child.
+			child.parent = nil
+			delete(n.bucket.nodes, child.pgid)
+			child.free()
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// If node has no keys then just remove it.
+	if n.numChildren() == 0 {
+		n.parent.del(n.key)
+		n.parent.removeChild(n)
+		delete(n.bucket.nodes, n.pgid)
+		n.free()
+		n.parent.rebalance()
+		return
+	}
+
+	_assert(n.parent.numChildren() > 1, "parent must have at least 2 children")
+
+	// Destination node is right sibling if idx == 0, otherwise left sibling.
+	var target *node
+	var useNextSibling = (n.parent.childIndex(n) == 0)
+	if useNextSibling {
+		target = n.nextSibling()
+	} else {
+		target = n.prevSibling()
+	}
+
+	// If both this node and the target node are too small then merge them.
+	if useNextSibling {
+		// Reparent all child nodes being moved.
+		for _, inode := range target.inodes {
+			if child, ok := n.bucket.nodes[inode.pgid]; ok {
+				child.parent.removeChild(child)
+				child.parent = n
+				child.parent.children = append(child.parent.children, child)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Copy over inodes from target and remove target.
+		n.inodes = append(n.inodes, target.inodes...)
+		n.parent.del(target.key)
+		n.parent.removeChild(target)
+		delete(n.bucket.nodes, target.pgid)
+		target.free()
+	} else {
+		// Reparent all child nodes being moved.
+		for _, inode := range n.inodes {
+			if child, ok := n.bucket.nodes[inode.pgid]; ok {
+				child.parent.removeChild(child)
+				child.parent = target
+				child.parent.children = append(child.parent.children, child)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Copy over inodes to target and remove node.
+		target.inodes = append(target.inodes, n.inodes...)
+		n.parent.del(n.key)
+		n.parent.removeChild(n)
+		delete(n.bucket.nodes, n.pgid)
+		n.free()
+	}
+
+	// Either this node or the target node was deleted from the parent so rebalance it.
+	n.parent.rebalance()
+}
+
+// removes a node from the list of in-memory children.
+// This does not affect the inodes.
+func (n *node) removeChild(target *node) {
+	for i, child := range n.children {
+		if child == target {
+			n.children = append(n.children[:i], n.children[i+1:]...)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// dereference causes the node to copy all its inode key/value references to heap memory.
+// This is required when the mmap is reallocated so inodes are not pointing to stale data.
+func (n *node) dereference() {
+	if n.key != nil {
+		key := make([]byte, len(n.key))
+		copy(key, n.key)
+		n.key = key
+		_assert(n.pgid == 0 || len(n.key) > 0, "dereference: zero-length node key on existing node")
+	}
+
+	for i := range n.inodes {
+		inode := &n.inodes[i]
+
+		key := make([]byte, len(inode.key))
+		copy(key, inode.key)
+		inode.key = key
+		_assert(len(inode.key) > 0, "dereference: zero-length inode key")
+
+		value := make([]byte, len(inode.value))
+		copy(value, inode.value)
+		inode.value = value
+	}
+
+	// Recursively dereference children.
+	for _, child := range n.children {
+		child.dereference()
+	}
+
+	// Update statistics.
+	n.bucket.tx.stats.NodeDeref++
+}
+
+// free adds the node's underlying page to the freelist.
+func (n *node) free() {
+	if n.pgid != 0 {
+		n.bucket.tx.db.freelist.free(n.bucket.tx.meta.txid, n.bucket.tx.page(n.pgid))
+		n.pgid = 0
+	}
+}
+
+// dump writes the contents of the node to STDERR for debugging purposes.
+/*
+func (n *node) dump() {
+	// Write node header.
+	var typ = "branch"
+	if n.isLeaf {
+		typ = "leaf"
+	}
+	warnf("[NODE %d {type=%s count=%d}]", n.pgid, typ, len(n.inodes))
+
+	// Write out abbreviated version of each item.
+	for _, item := range n.inodes {
+		if n.isLeaf {
+			if item.flags&bucketLeafFlag != 0 {
+				bucket := (*bucket)(unsafe.Pointer(&item.value[0]))
+				warnf("+L %08x -> (bucket root=%d)", trunc(item.key, 4), bucket.root)
+			} else {
+				warnf("+L %08x -> %08x", trunc(item.key, 4), trunc(item.value, 4))
+			}
+		} else {
+			warnf("+B %08x -> pgid=%d", trunc(item.key, 4), item.pgid)
+		}
+	}
+	warn("")
+}
+*/
+
+type nodes []*node
+
+func (s nodes) Len() int           { return len(s) }
+func (s nodes) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
+func (s nodes) Less(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(s[i].inodes[0].key, s[j].inodes[0].key) == -1 }
+
+// inode represents an internal node inside of a node.
+// It can be used to point to elements in a page or point
+// to an element which hasn't been added to a page yet.
+type inode struct {
+	flags uint32
+	pgid  pgid
+	key   []byte
+	value []byte
+}
+
+type inodes []inode
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/page.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/page.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bca9615f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/page.go
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const pageHeaderSize = int(unsafe.Offsetof(((*page)(nil)).ptr))
+
+const minKeysPerPage = 2
+
+const branchPageElementSize = int(unsafe.Sizeof(branchPageElement{}))
+const leafPageElementSize = int(unsafe.Sizeof(leafPageElement{}))
+
+const (
+	branchPageFlag   = 0x01
+	leafPageFlag     = 0x02
+	metaPageFlag     = 0x04
+	freelistPageFlag = 0x10
+)
+
+const (
+	bucketLeafFlag = 0x01
+)
+
+type pgid uint64
+
+type page struct {
+	id       pgid
+	flags    uint16
+	count    uint16
+	overflow uint32
+	ptr      uintptr
+}
+
+// typ returns a human readable page type string used for debugging.
+func (p *page) typ() string {
+	if (p.flags & branchPageFlag) != 0 {
+		return "branch"
+	} else if (p.flags & leafPageFlag) != 0 {
+		return "leaf"
+	} else if (p.flags & metaPageFlag) != 0 {
+		return "meta"
+	} else if (p.flags & freelistPageFlag) != 0 {
+		return "freelist"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("unknown<%02x>", p.flags)
+}
+
+// meta returns a pointer to the metadata section of the page.
+func (p *page) meta() *meta {
+	return (*meta)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr))
+}
+
+// leafPageElement retrieves the leaf node by index
+func (p *page) leafPageElement(index uint16) *leafPageElement {
+	n := &((*[0x7FFFFFF]leafPageElement)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[index]
+	return n
+}
+
+// leafPageElements retrieves a list of leaf nodes.
+func (p *page) leafPageElements() []leafPageElement {
+	if p.count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return ((*[0x7FFFFFF]leafPageElement)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[:]
+}
+
+// branchPageElement retrieves the branch node by index
+func (p *page) branchPageElement(index uint16) *branchPageElement {
+	return &((*[0x7FFFFFF]branchPageElement)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[index]
+}
+
+// branchPageElements retrieves a list of branch nodes.
+func (p *page) branchPageElements() []branchPageElement {
+	if p.count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return ((*[0x7FFFFFF]branchPageElement)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[:]
+}
+
+// dump writes n bytes of the page to STDERR as hex output.
+func (p *page) hexdump(n int) {
+	buf := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(p))[:n]
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%x\n", buf)
+}
+
+type pages []*page
+
+func (s pages) Len() int           { return len(s) }
+func (s pages) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
+func (s pages) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i].id < s[j].id }
+
+// branchPageElement represents a node on a branch page.
+type branchPageElement struct {
+	pos   uint32
+	ksize uint32
+	pgid  pgid
+}
+
+// key returns a byte slice of the node key.
+func (n *branchPageElement) key() []byte {
+	buf := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(n))
+	return (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[n.pos]))[:n.ksize]
+}
+
+// leafPageElement represents a node on a leaf page.
+type leafPageElement struct {
+	flags uint32
+	pos   uint32
+	ksize uint32
+	vsize uint32
+}
+
+// key returns a byte slice of the node key.
+func (n *leafPageElement) key() []byte {
+	buf := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(n))
+	return (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[n.pos]))[:n.ksize:n.ksize]
+}
+
+// value returns a byte slice of the node value.
+func (n *leafPageElement) value() []byte {
+	buf := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(n))
+	return (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[n.pos+n.ksize]))[:n.vsize:n.vsize]
+}
+
+// PageInfo represents human readable information about a page.
+type PageInfo struct {
+	ID            int
+	Type          string
+	Count         int
+	OverflowCount int
+}
+
+type pgids []pgid
+
+func (s pgids) Len() int           { return len(s) }
+func (s pgids) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
+func (s pgids) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i] < s[j] }
+
+// merge returns the sorted union of a and b.
+func (a pgids) merge(b pgids) pgids {
+	// Return the opposite slice if one is nil.
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return b
+	}
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return a
+	}
+	merged := make(pgids, len(a)+len(b))
+	mergepgids(merged, a, b)
+	return merged
+}
+
+// mergepgids copies the sorted union of a and b into dst.
+// If dst is too small, it panics.
+func mergepgids(dst, a, b pgids) {
+	if len(dst) < len(a)+len(b) {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mergepgids bad len %d < %d + %d", len(dst), len(a), len(b)))
+	}
+	// Copy in the opposite slice if one is nil.
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		copy(dst, b)
+		return
+	}
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		copy(dst, a)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Merged will hold all elements from both lists.
+	merged := dst[:0]
+
+	// Assign lead to the slice with a lower starting value, follow to the higher value.
+	lead, follow := a, b
+	if b[0] < a[0] {
+		lead, follow = b, a
+	}
+
+	// Continue while there are elements in the lead.
+	for len(lead) > 0 {
+		// Merge largest prefix of lead that is ahead of follow[0].
+		n := sort.Search(len(lead), func(i int) bool { return lead[i] > follow[0] })
+		merged = append(merged, lead[:n]...)
+		if n >= len(lead) {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Swap lead and follow.
+		lead, follow = follow, lead[n:]
+	}
+
+	// Append what's left in follow.
+	_ = append(merged, follow...)
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/tx.go b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/tx.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f50864142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/tx.go
@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+package bbolt
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// txid represents the internal transaction identifier.
+type txid uint64
+
+// Tx represents a read-only or read/write transaction on the database.
+// Read-only transactions can be used for retrieving values for keys and creating cursors.
+// Read/write transactions can create and remove buckets and create and remove keys.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: You must commit or rollback transactions when you are done with
+// them. Pages can not be reclaimed by the writer until no more transactions
+// are using them. A long running read transaction can cause the database to
+// quickly grow.
+type Tx struct {
+	writable       bool
+	managed        bool
+	db             *DB
+	meta           *meta
+	root           Bucket
+	pages          map[pgid]*page
+	stats          TxStats
+	commitHandlers []func()
+
+	// WriteFlag specifies the flag for write-related methods like WriteTo().
+	// Tx opens the database file with the specified flag to copy the data.
+	//
+	// By default, the flag is unset, which works well for mostly in-memory
+	// workloads. For databases that are much larger than available RAM,
+	// set the flag to syscall.O_DIRECT to avoid trashing the page cache.
+	WriteFlag int
+}
+
+// init initializes the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) init(db *DB) {
+	tx.db = db
+	tx.pages = nil
+
+	// Copy the meta page since it can be changed by the writer.
+	tx.meta = &meta{}
+	db.meta().copy(tx.meta)
+
+	// Copy over the root bucket.
+	tx.root = newBucket(tx)
+	tx.root.bucket = &bucket{}
+	*tx.root.bucket = tx.meta.root
+
+	// Increment the transaction id and add a page cache for writable transactions.
+	if tx.writable {
+		tx.pages = make(map[pgid]*page)
+		tx.meta.txid += txid(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// ID returns the transaction id.
+func (tx *Tx) ID() int {
+	return int(tx.meta.txid)
+}
+
+// DB returns a reference to the database that created the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) DB() *DB {
+	return tx.db
+}
+
+// Size returns current database size in bytes as seen by this transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Size() int64 {
+	return int64(tx.meta.pgid) * int64(tx.db.pageSize)
+}
+
+// Writable returns whether the transaction can perform write operations.
+func (tx *Tx) Writable() bool {
+	return tx.writable
+}
+
+// Cursor creates a cursor associated with the root bucket.
+// All items in the cursor will return a nil value because all root bucket keys point to buckets.
+// The cursor is only valid as long as the transaction is open.
+// Do not use a cursor after the transaction is closed.
+func (tx *Tx) Cursor() *Cursor {
+	return tx.root.Cursor()
+}
+
+// Stats retrieves a copy of the current transaction statistics.
+func (tx *Tx) Stats() TxStats {
+	return tx.stats
+}
+
+// Bucket retrieves a bucket by name.
+// Returns nil if the bucket does not exist.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Bucket(name []byte) *Bucket {
+	return tx.root.Bucket(name)
+}
+
+// CreateBucket creates a new bucket.
+// Returns an error if the bucket already exists, if the bucket name is blank, or if the bucket name is too long.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) CreateBucket(name []byte) (*Bucket, error) {
+	return tx.root.CreateBucket(name)
+}
+
+// CreateBucketIfNotExists creates a new bucket if it doesn't already exist.
+// Returns an error if the bucket name is blank, or if the bucket name is too long.
+// The bucket instance is only valid for the lifetime of the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) CreateBucketIfNotExists(name []byte) (*Bucket, error) {
+	return tx.root.CreateBucketIfNotExists(name)
+}
+
+// DeleteBucket deletes a bucket.
+// Returns an error if the bucket cannot be found or if the key represents a non-bucket value.
+func (tx *Tx) DeleteBucket(name []byte) error {
+	return tx.root.DeleteBucket(name)
+}
+
+// ForEach executes a function for each bucket in the root.
+// If the provided function returns an error then the iteration is stopped and
+// the error is returned to the caller.
+func (tx *Tx) ForEach(fn func(name []byte, b *Bucket) error) error {
+	return tx.root.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error {
+		return fn(k, tx.root.Bucket(k))
+	})
+}
+
+// OnCommit adds a handler function to be executed after the transaction successfully commits.
+func (tx *Tx) OnCommit(fn func()) {
+	tx.commitHandlers = append(tx.commitHandlers, fn)
+}
+
+// Commit writes all changes to disk and updates the meta page.
+// Returns an error if a disk write error occurs, or if Commit is
+// called on a read-only transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Commit() error {
+	_assert(!tx.managed, "managed tx commit not allowed")
+	if tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	} else if !tx.writable {
+		return ErrTxNotWritable
+	}
+
+	// TODO(benbjohnson): Use vectorized I/O to write out dirty pages.
+
+	// Rebalance nodes which have had deletions.
+	var startTime = time.Now()
+	tx.root.rebalance()
+	if tx.stats.Rebalance > 0 {
+		tx.stats.RebalanceTime += time.Since(startTime)
+	}
+
+	// spill data onto dirty pages.
+	startTime = time.Now()
+	if err := tx.root.spill(); err != nil {
+		tx.rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+	tx.stats.SpillTime += time.Since(startTime)
+
+	// Free the old root bucket.
+	tx.meta.root.root = tx.root.root
+
+	// Free the old freelist because commit writes out a fresh freelist.
+	if tx.meta.freelist != pgidNoFreelist {
+		tx.db.freelist.free(tx.meta.txid, tx.db.page(tx.meta.freelist))
+	}
+
+	if !tx.db.NoFreelistSync {
+		err := tx.commitFreelist()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		tx.meta.freelist = pgidNoFreelist
+	}
+
+	// Write dirty pages to disk.
+	startTime = time.Now()
+	if err := tx.write(); err != nil {
+		tx.rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// If strict mode is enabled then perform a consistency check.
+	// Only the first consistency error is reported in the panic.
+	if tx.db.StrictMode {
+		ch := tx.Check()
+		var errs []string
+		for {
+			err, ok := <-ch
+			if !ok {
+				break
+			}
+			errs = append(errs, err.Error())
+		}
+		if len(errs) > 0 {
+			panic("check fail: " + strings.Join(errs, "\n"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write meta to disk.
+	if err := tx.writeMeta(); err != nil {
+		tx.rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+	tx.stats.WriteTime += time.Since(startTime)
+
+	// Finalize the transaction.
+	tx.close()
+
+	// Execute commit handlers now that the locks have been removed.
+	for _, fn := range tx.commitHandlers {
+		fn()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) commitFreelist() error {
+	// Allocate new pages for the new free list. This will overestimate
+	// the size of the freelist but not underestimate the size (which would be bad).
+	opgid := tx.meta.pgid
+	p, err := tx.allocate((tx.db.freelist.size() / tx.db.pageSize) + 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		tx.rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tx.db.freelist.write(p); err != nil {
+		tx.rollback()
+		return err
+	}
+	tx.meta.freelist = p.id
+	// If the high water mark has moved up then attempt to grow the database.
+	if tx.meta.pgid > opgid {
+		if err := tx.db.grow(int(tx.meta.pgid+1) * tx.db.pageSize); err != nil {
+			tx.rollback()
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Rollback closes the transaction and ignores all previous updates. Read-only
+// transactions must be rolled back and not committed.
+func (tx *Tx) Rollback() error {
+	_assert(!tx.managed, "managed tx rollback not allowed")
+	if tx.db == nil {
+		return ErrTxClosed
+	}
+	tx.rollback()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) rollback() {
+	if tx.db == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if tx.writable {
+		tx.db.freelist.rollback(tx.meta.txid)
+		tx.db.freelist.reload(tx.db.page(tx.db.meta().freelist))
+	}
+	tx.close()
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) close() {
+	if tx.db == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if tx.writable {
+		// Grab freelist stats.
+		var freelistFreeN = tx.db.freelist.free_count()
+		var freelistPendingN = tx.db.freelist.pending_count()
+		var freelistAlloc = tx.db.freelist.size()
+
+		// Remove transaction ref & writer lock.
+		tx.db.rwtx = nil
+		tx.db.rwlock.Unlock()
+
+		// Merge statistics.
+		tx.db.statlock.Lock()
+		tx.db.stats.FreePageN = freelistFreeN
+		tx.db.stats.PendingPageN = freelistPendingN
+		tx.db.stats.FreeAlloc = (freelistFreeN + freelistPendingN) * tx.db.pageSize
+		tx.db.stats.FreelistInuse = freelistAlloc
+		tx.db.stats.TxStats.add(&tx.stats)
+		tx.db.statlock.Unlock()
+	} else {
+		tx.db.removeTx(tx)
+	}
+
+	// Clear all references.
+	tx.db = nil
+	tx.meta = nil
+	tx.root = Bucket{tx: tx}
+	tx.pages = nil
+}
+
+// Copy writes the entire database to a writer.
+// This function exists for backwards compatibility.
+//
+// Deprecated; Use WriteTo() instead.
+func (tx *Tx) Copy(w io.Writer) error {
+	_, err := tx.WriteTo(w)
+	return err
+}
+
+// WriteTo writes the entire database to a writer.
+// If err == nil then exactly tx.Size() bytes will be written into the writer.
+func (tx *Tx) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
+	// Attempt to open reader with WriteFlag
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(tx.db.path, os.O_RDONLY|tx.WriteFlag, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Generate a meta page. We use the same page data for both meta pages.
+	buf := make([]byte, tx.db.pageSize)
+	page := (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+	page.flags = metaPageFlag
+	*page.meta() = *tx.meta
+
+	// Write meta 0.
+	page.id = 0
+	page.meta().checksum = page.meta().sum64()
+	nn, err := w.Write(buf)
+	n += int64(nn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return n, fmt.Errorf("meta 0 copy: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write meta 1 with a lower transaction id.
+	page.id = 1
+	page.meta().txid -= 1
+	page.meta().checksum = page.meta().sum64()
+	nn, err = w.Write(buf)
+	n += int64(nn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return n, fmt.Errorf("meta 1 copy: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Move past the meta pages in the file.
+	if _, err := f.Seek(int64(tx.db.pageSize*2), io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return n, fmt.Errorf("seek: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Copy data pages.
+	wn, err := io.CopyN(w, f, tx.Size()-int64(tx.db.pageSize*2))
+	n += wn
+	if err != nil {
+		return n, err
+	}
+
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// CopyFile copies the entire database to file at the given path.
+// A reader transaction is maintained during the copy so it is safe to continue
+// using the database while a copy is in progress.
+func (tx *Tx) CopyFile(path string, mode os.FileMode) error {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Copy(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	return f.Close()
+}
+
+// Check performs several consistency checks on the database for this transaction.
+// An error is returned if any inconsistency is found.
+//
+// It can be safely run concurrently on a writable transaction. However, this
+// incurs a high cost for large databases and databases with a lot of subbuckets
+// because of caching. This overhead can be removed if running on a read-only
+// transaction, however, it is not safe to execute other writer transactions at
+// the same time.
+func (tx *Tx) Check() <-chan error {
+	ch := make(chan error)
+	go tx.check(ch)
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) check(ch chan error) {
+	// Force loading free list if opened in ReadOnly mode.
+	tx.db.loadFreelist()
+
+	// Check if any pages are double freed.
+	freed := make(map[pgid]bool)
+	all := make([]pgid, tx.db.freelist.count())
+	tx.db.freelist.copyall(all)
+	for _, id := range all {
+		if freed[id] {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: already freed", id)
+		}
+		freed[id] = true
+	}
+
+	// Track every reachable page.
+	reachable := make(map[pgid]*page)
+	reachable[0] = tx.page(0) // meta0
+	reachable[1] = tx.page(1) // meta1
+	if tx.meta.freelist != pgidNoFreelist {
+		for i := uint32(0); i <= tx.page(tx.meta.freelist).overflow; i++ {
+			reachable[tx.meta.freelist+pgid(i)] = tx.page(tx.meta.freelist)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Recursively check buckets.
+	tx.checkBucket(&tx.root, reachable, freed, ch)
+
+	// Ensure all pages below high water mark are either reachable or freed.
+	for i := pgid(0); i < tx.meta.pgid; i++ {
+		_, isReachable := reachable[i]
+		if !isReachable && !freed[i] {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: unreachable unfreed", int(i))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Close the channel to signal completion.
+	close(ch)
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) checkBucket(b *Bucket, reachable map[pgid]*page, freed map[pgid]bool, ch chan error) {
+	// Ignore inline buckets.
+	if b.root == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check every page used by this bucket.
+	b.tx.forEachPage(b.root, 0, func(p *page, _ int) {
+		if p.id > tx.meta.pgid {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: out of bounds: %d", int(p.id), int(b.tx.meta.pgid))
+		}
+
+		// Ensure each page is only referenced once.
+		for i := pgid(0); i <= pgid(p.overflow); i++ {
+			var id = p.id + i
+			if _, ok := reachable[id]; ok {
+				ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: multiple references", int(id))
+			}
+			reachable[id] = p
+		}
+
+		// We should only encounter un-freed leaf and branch pages.
+		if freed[p.id] {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: reachable freed", int(p.id))
+		} else if (p.flags&branchPageFlag) == 0 && (p.flags&leafPageFlag) == 0 {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("page %d: invalid type: %s", int(p.id), p.typ())
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Check each bucket within this bucket.
+	_ = b.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error {
+		if child := b.Bucket(k); child != nil {
+			tx.checkBucket(child, reachable, freed, ch)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// allocate returns a contiguous block of memory starting at a given page.
+func (tx *Tx) allocate(count int) (*page, error) {
+	p, err := tx.db.allocate(tx.meta.txid, count)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Save to our page cache.
+	tx.pages[p.id] = p
+
+	// Update statistics.
+	tx.stats.PageCount += count
+	tx.stats.PageAlloc += count * tx.db.pageSize
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+// write writes any dirty pages to disk.
+func (tx *Tx) write() error {
+	// Sort pages by id.
+	pages := make(pages, 0, len(tx.pages))
+	for _, p := range tx.pages {
+		pages = append(pages, p)
+	}
+	// Clear out page cache early.
+	tx.pages = make(map[pgid]*page)
+	sort.Sort(pages)
+
+	// Write pages to disk in order.
+	for _, p := range pages {
+		size := (int(p.overflow) + 1) * tx.db.pageSize
+		offset := int64(p.id) * int64(tx.db.pageSize)
+
+		// Write out page in "max allocation" sized chunks.
+		ptr := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(p))
+		for {
+			// Limit our write to our max allocation size.
+			sz := size
+			if sz > maxAllocSize-1 {
+				sz = maxAllocSize - 1
+			}
+
+			// Write chunk to disk.
+			buf := ptr[:sz]
+			if _, err := tx.db.ops.writeAt(buf, offset); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Update statistics.
+			tx.stats.Write++
+
+			// Exit inner for loop if we've written all the chunks.
+			size -= sz
+			if size == 0 {
+				break
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise move offset forward and move pointer to next chunk.
+			offset += int64(sz)
+			ptr = (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&ptr[sz]))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Ignore file sync if flag is set on DB.
+	if !tx.db.NoSync || IgnoreNoSync {
+		if err := fdatasync(tx.db); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Put small pages back to page pool.
+	for _, p := range pages {
+		// Ignore page sizes over 1 page.
+		// These are allocated using make() instead of the page pool.
+		if int(p.overflow) != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		buf := (*[maxAllocSize]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(p))[:tx.db.pageSize]
+
+		// See https://go.googlesource.com/go/+/f03c9202c43e0abb130669852082117ca50aa9b1
+		for i := range buf {
+			buf[i] = 0
+		}
+		tx.db.pagePool.Put(buf)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// writeMeta writes the meta to the disk.
+func (tx *Tx) writeMeta() error {
+	// Create a temporary buffer for the meta page.
+	buf := make([]byte, tx.db.pageSize)
+	p := tx.db.pageInBuffer(buf, 0)
+	tx.meta.write(p)
+
+	// Write the meta page to file.
+	if _, err := tx.db.ops.writeAt(buf, int64(p.id)*int64(tx.db.pageSize)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !tx.db.NoSync || IgnoreNoSync {
+		if err := fdatasync(tx.db); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Update statistics.
+	tx.stats.Write++
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// page returns a reference to the page with a given id.
+// If page has been written to then a temporary buffered page is returned.
+func (tx *Tx) page(id pgid) *page {
+	// Check the dirty pages first.
+	if tx.pages != nil {
+		if p, ok := tx.pages[id]; ok {
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise return directly from the mmap.
+	return tx.db.page(id)
+}
+
+// forEachPage iterates over every page within a given page and executes a function.
+func (tx *Tx) forEachPage(pgid pgid, depth int, fn func(*page, int)) {
+	p := tx.page(pgid)
+
+	// Execute function.
+	fn(p, depth)
+
+	// Recursively loop over children.
+	if (p.flags & branchPageFlag) != 0 {
+		for i := 0; i < int(p.count); i++ {
+			elem := p.branchPageElement(uint16(i))
+			tx.forEachPage(elem.pgid, depth+1, fn)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Page returns page information for a given page number.
+// This is only safe for concurrent use when used by a writable transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Page(id int) (*PageInfo, error) {
+	if tx.db == nil {
+		return nil, ErrTxClosed
+	} else if pgid(id) >= tx.meta.pgid {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Build the page info.
+	p := tx.db.page(pgid(id))
+	info := &PageInfo{
+		ID:            id,
+		Count:         int(p.count),
+		OverflowCount: int(p.overflow),
+	}
+
+	// Determine the type (or if it's free).
+	if tx.db.freelist.freed(pgid(id)) {
+		info.Type = "free"
+	} else {
+		info.Type = p.typ()
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+// TxStats represents statistics about the actions performed by the transaction.
+type TxStats struct {
+	// Page statistics.
+	PageCount int // number of page allocations
+	PageAlloc int // total bytes allocated
+
+	// Cursor statistics.
+	CursorCount int // number of cursors created
+
+	// Node statistics
+	NodeCount int // number of node allocations
+	NodeDeref int // number of node dereferences
+
+	// Rebalance statistics.
+	Rebalance     int           // number of node rebalances
+	RebalanceTime time.Duration // total time spent rebalancing
+
+	// Split/Spill statistics.
+	Split     int           // number of nodes split
+	Spill     int           // number of nodes spilled
+	SpillTime time.Duration // total time spent spilling
+
+	// Write statistics.
+	Write     int           // number of writes performed
+	WriteTime time.Duration // total time spent writing to disk
+}
+
+func (s *TxStats) add(other *TxStats) {
+	s.PageCount += other.PageCount
+	s.PageAlloc += other.PageAlloc
+	s.CursorCount += other.CursorCount
+	s.NodeCount += other.NodeCount
+	s.NodeDeref += other.NodeDeref
+	s.Rebalance += other.Rebalance
+	s.RebalanceTime += other.RebalanceTime
+	s.Split += other.Split
+	s.Spill += other.Spill
+	s.SpillTime += other.SpillTime
+	s.Write += other.Write
+	s.WriteTime += other.WriteTime
+}
+
+// Sub calculates and returns the difference between two sets of transaction stats.
+// This is useful when obtaining stats at two different points and time and
+// you need the performance counters that occurred within that time span.
+func (s *TxStats) Sub(other *TxStats) TxStats {
+	var diff TxStats
+	diff.PageCount = s.PageCount - other.PageCount
+	diff.PageAlloc = s.PageAlloc - other.PageAlloc
+	diff.CursorCount = s.CursorCount - other.CursorCount
+	diff.NodeCount = s.NodeCount - other.NodeCount
+	diff.NodeDeref = s.NodeDeref - other.NodeDeref
+	diff.Rebalance = s.Rebalance - other.Rebalance
+	diff.RebalanceTime = s.RebalanceTime - other.RebalanceTime
+	diff.Split = s.Split - other.Split
+	diff.Spill = s.Spill - other.Spill
+	diff.SpillTime = s.SpillTime - other.SpillTime
+	diff.Write = s.Write - other.Write
+	diff.WriteTime = s.WriteTime - other.WriteTime
+	return diff
+}
-- 
2.21.0

Places

File registry-mirror.patch of Package cri-o (Revision 110b923fa6b2c5c75345dc478503a105)

Places