File _service:download_files:0001-mm-6.3-add-maple-t... of Package linux-px

Overview Repositories Revisions Requests Users Attributes Meta

File _service:download_files:0001-mm-6.3-add-maple-tree-and-mglru-fixes.patch of Package linux-px (Revision 14bacb2120ed7924c64f4c0d4b5c7244)

Currently displaying revision 14bacb2120ed7924c64f4c0d4b5c7244 , Show latest

From fbd97d41eef4c97f357ade35fad79946cdc5bfe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Piotr Gorski <lucjan.lucjanov@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2023 14:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] mm-6.3: add maple tree and mglru fixes

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst
index 33e068830..0ae2a6d4d 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ Values Components
        verified on x86 varieties other than Intel and AMD. If it is
        disabled, the multi-gen LRU will suffer a negligible
        performance degradation.
+0x0008 Clearing the accessed bit in KVM page table entries in large
+       batches, when KVM MMU sets it (e.g., on x86_64). This can
+       improve the performance of guests when the host is under memory
+       pressure.
 [yYnN] Apply to all the components above.
 ====== ===============================================================
 
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ E.g.,
 
     echo y >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
     cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
-    0x0007
+    0x000f
     echo 5 >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
     cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
     0x0005
diff --git a/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst b/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst
index 5f1f6ecbb..52ed50920 100644
--- a/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst
+++ b/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ moving across tiers only involves atomic operations on
 ``folio->flags`` and therefore has a negligible cost. A feedback loop
 modeled after the PID controller monitors refaults over all the tiers
 from anon and file types and decides which tiers from which types to
-evict or protect.
+evict or protect. The desired effect is to balance refault percentages
+between anon and file types proportional to the swappiness level.
 
 There are two conceptually independent procedures: the aging and the
 eviction. They form a closed-loop system, i.e., the page reclaim.
@@ -156,6 +157,27 @@ This time-based approach has the following advantages:
    and memory sizes.
 2. It is more reliable because it is directly wired to the OOM killer.
 
+``mm_struct`` list
+------------------
+An ``mm_struct`` list is maintained for each memcg, and an
+``mm_struct`` follows its owner task to the new memcg when this task
+is migrated.
+
+A page table walker iterates ``lruvec_memcg()->mm_list`` and calls
+``walk_page_range()`` with each ``mm_struct`` on this list to scan
+PTEs. When multiple page table walkers iterate the same list, each of
+them gets a unique ``mm_struct``, and therefore they can run in
+parallel.
+
+Page table walkers ignore any misplaced pages, e.g., if an
+``mm_struct`` was migrated, pages left in the previous memcg will be
+ignored when the current memcg is under reclaim. Similarly, page table
+walkers will ignore pages from nodes other than the one under reclaim.
+
+This infrastructure also tracks the usage of ``mm_struct`` between
+context switches so that page table walkers can skip processes that
+have been sleeping since the last iteration.
+
 Rmap/PT walk feedback
 ---------------------
 Searching the rmap for PTEs mapping each page on an LRU list (to test
@@ -170,7 +192,7 @@ promotes hot pages. If the scan was done cacheline efficiently, it
 adds the PMD entry pointing to the PTE table to the Bloom filter. This
 forms a feedback loop between the eviction and the aging.
 
-Bloom Filters
+Bloom filters
 -------------
 Bloom filters are a space and memory efficient data structure for set
 membership test, i.e., test if an element is not in the set or may be
@@ -186,6 +208,18 @@ is false positive, the cost is an additional scan of a range of PTEs,
 which may yield hot pages anyway. Parameters of the filter itself can
 control the false positive rate in the limit.
 
+PID controller
+--------------
+A feedback loop modeled after the Proportional-Integral-Derivative
+(PID) controller monitors refaults over anon and file types and
+decides which type to evict when both types are available from the
+same generation.
+
+The PID controller uses generations rather than the wall clock as the
+time domain because a CPU can scan pages at different rates under
+varying memory pressure. It calculates a moving average for each new
+generation to avoid being permanently locked in a suboptimal state.
+
 Memcg LRU
 ---------
 An memcg LRU is a per-node LRU of memcgs. It is also an LRU of LRUs,
@@ -223,9 +257,9 @@ parts:
 
 * Generations
 * Rmap walks
-* Page table walks
-* Bloom filters
-* PID controller
+* Page table walks via ``mm_struct`` list
+* Bloom filters for rmap/PT walk feedback
+* PID controller for refault feedback
 
 The aging and the eviction form a producer-consumer model;
 specifically, the latter drives the former by the sliding window over
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 77d941ad3..5cc3c0a2c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1094,4 +1094,10 @@ static inline void kvm_hyp_reserve(void) { }
 void kvm_arm_vcpu_power_off(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 bool kvm_arm_vcpu_stopped(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 
+#define kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young
+static inline bool kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young(void)
+{
+	return cpu_has_hw_af() && !is_protected_kvm_enabled();
+}
+
 #endif /* __ARM64_KVM_HOST_H__ */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_pgtable.h
index 93bd0975b..ad7cae0d8 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_pgtable.h
@@ -44,6 +44,49 @@ typedef u64 kvm_pte_t;
 
 #define KVM_PHYS_INVALID		(-1ULL)
 
+#define KVM_PTE_TYPE			BIT(1)
+#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_BLOCK		0
+#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_PAGE		1
+#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_TABLE		1
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO		GENMASK(11, 2)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_ATTRIDX	GENMASK(4, 2)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP	GENMASK(7, 6)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP_RO	3
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP_RW	1
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_SH	GENMASK(9, 8)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_SH_IS	3
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AF	BIT(10)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_MEMATTR	GENMASK(5, 2)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_R	BIT(6)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_W	BIT(7)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_SH	GENMASK(9, 8)
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_SH_IS	3
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_AF	BIT(10)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI		GENMASK(63, 51)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_SW		GENMASK(58, 55)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S1_XN	BIT(54)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S2_XN	BIT(54)
+
+#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_S2_PERMS	(KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_R | \
+					 KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_W | \
+					 KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S2_XN)
+
+#define KVM_INVALID_PTE_OWNER_MASK	GENMASK(9, 2)
+#define KVM_MAX_OWNER_ID		1
+
+/*
+ * Used to indicate a pte for which a 'break-before-make' sequence is in
+ * progress.
+ */
+#define KVM_INVALID_PTE_LOCKED		BIT(10)
+
 static inline bool kvm_pte_valid(kvm_pte_t pte)
 {
 	return pte & KVM_PTE_VALID;
@@ -110,6 +153,7 @@ static inline bool kvm_level_supports_block_mapping(u32 level)
  * @put_page:			Decrement the refcount on a page. When the
  *				refcount reaches 0 the page is automatically
  *				freed.
+ * @put_page_rcu:		RCU variant of the above.
  * @page_count:			Return the refcount of a page.
  * @phys_to_virt:		Convert a physical address into a virtual
  *				address	mapped in the current context.
@@ -127,6 +171,7 @@ struct kvm_pgtable_mm_ops {
 	void		(*free_removed_table)(void *addr, u32 level);
 	void		(*get_page)(void *addr);
 	void		(*put_page)(void *addr);
+	void		(*put_page_rcu)(void *addr);
 	int		(*page_count)(void *addr);
 	void*		(*phys_to_virt)(phys_addr_t phys);
 	phys_addr_t	(*virt_to_phys)(void *addr);
@@ -224,6 +269,16 @@ static inline bool kvm_pgtable_walk_shared(const struct kvm_pgtable_visit_ctx *c
 	return ctx->flags & KVM_PGTABLE_WALK_SHARED;
 }
 
+static inline bool stage2_try_set_pte(const struct kvm_pgtable_visit_ctx *ctx, kvm_pte_t new)
+{
+	if (!kvm_pgtable_walk_shared(ctx)) {
+		WRITE_ONCE(*ctx->ptep, new);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return cmpxchg(ctx->ptep, ctx->old, new) == ctx->old;
+}
+
 /**
  * struct kvm_pgtable_walker - Hook into a page-table walk.
  * @cb:		Callback function to invoke during the walk.
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
index fbafcbbcc..438cc36f2 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ vm_fault_t kvm_arch_vcpu_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct vm_fault *vmf)
  */
 void kvm_arch_destroy_vm(struct kvm *kvm)
 {
+	kvm_free_stage2_pgd(&kvm->arch.mmu);
 	bitmap_free(kvm->arch.pmu_filter);
 	free_cpumask_var(kvm->arch.supported_cpus);
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c
index acd233e55..1d31ea48d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c
@@ -12,49 +12,6 @@
 #include <asm/stage2_pgtable.h>
 
 
-#define KVM_PTE_TYPE			BIT(1)
-#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_BLOCK		0
-#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_PAGE		1
-#define KVM_PTE_TYPE_TABLE		1
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO		GENMASK(11, 2)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_ATTRIDX	GENMASK(4, 2)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP	GENMASK(7, 6)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP_RO	3
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AP_RW	1
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_SH	GENMASK(9, 8)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_SH_IS	3
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S1_AF	BIT(10)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_MEMATTR	GENMASK(5, 2)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_R	BIT(6)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_W	BIT(7)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_SH	GENMASK(9, 8)
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_SH_IS	3
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_AF	BIT(10)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI		GENMASK(63, 51)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_SW		GENMASK(58, 55)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S1_XN	BIT(54)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S2_XN	BIT(54)
-
-#define KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_S2_PERMS	(KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_R | \
-					 KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_W | \
-					 KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S2_XN)
-
-#define KVM_INVALID_PTE_OWNER_MASK	GENMASK(9, 2)
-#define KVM_MAX_OWNER_ID		1
-
-/*
- * Used to indicate a pte for which a 'break-before-make' sequence is in
- * progress.
- */
-#define KVM_INVALID_PTE_LOCKED		BIT(10)
-
 struct kvm_pgtable_walk_data {
 	struct kvm_pgtable_walker	*walker;
 
@@ -715,16 +672,6 @@ static bool stage2_pte_is_locked(kvm_pte_t pte)
 	return !kvm_pte_valid(pte) && (pte & KVM_INVALID_PTE_LOCKED);
 }
 
-static bool stage2_try_set_pte(const struct kvm_pgtable_visit_ctx *ctx, kvm_pte_t new)
-{
-	if (!kvm_pgtable_walk_shared(ctx)) {
-		WRITE_ONCE(*ctx->ptep, new);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	return cmpxchg(ctx->ptep, ctx->old, new) == ctx->old;
-}
-
 /**
  * stage2_try_break_pte() - Invalidates a pte according to the
  *			    'break-before-make' requirements of the
@@ -1054,8 +1001,12 @@ static int stage2_unmap_walker(const struct kvm_pgtable_visit_ctx *ctx,
 		mm_ops->dcache_clean_inval_poc(kvm_pte_follow(ctx->old, mm_ops),
 					       kvm_granule_size(ctx->level));
 
-	if (childp)
-		mm_ops->put_page(childp);
+	if (childp) {
+		if (mm_ops->put_page_rcu)
+			mm_ops->put_page_rcu(childp);
+		else
+			mm_ops->put_page(childp);
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
index 3b9d4d24c..26a8d955b 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
@@ -172,6 +172,21 @@ static int kvm_host_page_count(void *addr)
 	return page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
 }
 
+static void kvm_s2_rcu_put_page(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	put_page(container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head));
+}
+
+static void kvm_s2_put_page_rcu(void *addr)
+{
+	struct page *page = virt_to_page(addr);
+
+	if (kvm_host_page_count(addr) == 1)
+		kvm_account_pgtable_pages(addr, -1);
+
+	call_rcu(&page->rcu_head, kvm_s2_rcu_put_page);
+}
+
 static phys_addr_t kvm_host_pa(void *addr)
 {
 	return __pa(addr);
@@ -704,6 +719,7 @@ static struct kvm_pgtable_mm_ops kvm_s2_mm_ops = {
 	.free_removed_table	= stage2_free_removed_table,
 	.get_page		= kvm_host_get_page,
 	.put_page		= kvm_s2_put_page,
+	.put_page_rcu		= kvm_s2_put_page_rcu,
 	.page_count		= kvm_host_page_count,
 	.phys_to_virt		= kvm_host_va,
 	.virt_to_phys		= kvm_host_pa,
@@ -1662,6 +1678,42 @@ bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 					   range->start << PAGE_SHIFT);
 }
 
+static int stage2_test_clear_young(const struct kvm_pgtable_visit_ctx *ctx,
+				   enum kvm_pgtable_walk_flags flags)
+{
+	kvm_pte_t new = ctx->old & ~KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_AF;
+
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!page_count(virt_to_page(ctx->ptep)));
+
+	if (!kvm_pte_valid(new))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (new == ctx->old)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (kvm_should_clear_young(ctx->arg, ctx->addr / PAGE_SIZE))
+		stage2_try_set_pte(ctx, new);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+bool kvm_arch_test_clear_young(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+{
+	u64 start = range->start * PAGE_SIZE;
+	u64 end = range->end * PAGE_SIZE;
+	struct kvm_pgtable_walker walker = {
+		.cb	= stage2_test_clear_young,
+		.arg	= range,
+		.flags	= KVM_PGTABLE_WALK_LEAF | KVM_PGTABLE_WALK_SHARED,
+	};
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(is_hyp_code());
+
+	kvm_pgtable_walk(kvm->arch.mmu.pgt, start, end - start, &walker);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 phys_addr_t kvm_mmu_get_httbr(void)
 {
 	return __pa(hyp_pgtable->pgd);
@@ -1877,7 +1929,6 @@ void kvm_arch_memslots_updated(struct kvm *kvm, u64 gen)
 
 void kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all(struct kvm *kvm)
 {
-	kvm_free_stage2_pgd(&kvm->arch.mmu);
 }
 
 void kvm_arch_flush_shadow_memslot(struct kvm *kvm,
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 959f566a4..3822c1c25 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -883,4 +883,12 @@ static inline void kvm_arch_sched_in(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int cpu) {}
 static inline void kvm_arch_vcpu_blocking(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}
 static inline void kvm_arch_vcpu_unblocking(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}
 
+#define kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young
+static inline bool kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young(void)
+{
+	return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE) &&
+	       cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_HVMODE) && cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_ARCH_300) &&
+	       radix_enabled();
+}
+
 #endif /* __POWERPC_KVM_HOST_H__ */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
index 6bef23d6d..e420ed5dc 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ struct kvmppc_ops {
 	bool (*unmap_gfn_range)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 	bool (*age_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 	bool (*test_age_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
+	bool (*test_clear_young)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 	bool (*set_spte_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 	void (*free_memslot)(struct kvm_memory_slot *slot);
 	int (*init_vm)(struct kvm *kvm);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.c
index 57f4e7896..b03be0072 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.c
@@ -877,6 +877,12 @@ bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 	return kvm->arch.kvm_ops->test_age_gfn(kvm, range);
 }
 
+bool kvm_arch_test_clear_young(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+{
+	return !kvm->arch.kvm_ops->test_clear_young ||
+	       kvm->arch.kvm_ops->test_clear_young(kvm, range);
+}
+
 bool kvm_set_spte_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 {
 	return kvm->arch.kvm_ops->set_spte_gfn(kvm, range);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.h b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.h
index 58391b4b3..fa2659e21 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ extern void kvmppc_core_flush_memslot_hv(struct kvm *kvm,
 extern bool kvm_unmap_gfn_range_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 extern bool kvm_age_gfn_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 extern bool kvm_test_age_gfn_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
+extern bool kvm_test_clear_young_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 extern bool kvm_set_spte_gfn_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 
 extern int kvmppc_mmu_init_pr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_radix.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_radix.c
index 9d3743ca1..ff8393c4b 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_radix.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_radix.c
@@ -1083,6 +1083,65 @@ bool kvm_test_age_radix(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_memory_slot *memslot,
 	return ref;
 }
 
+bool kvm_test_clear_young_hv(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+{
+	bool err;
+	gfn_t gfn = range->start;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+
+	err = !kvm_is_radix(kvm);
+	if (err)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	/*
+	 * Case 1:  This function          kvmppc_switch_mmu_to_hpt()
+	 *
+	 *          rcu_read_lock()
+	 *          Test kvm_is_radix()    kvm->arch.radix = 0
+	 *          Use kvm->arch.pgtable  synchronize_rcu()
+	 *          rcu_read_unlock()
+	 *                                 kvmppc_free_radix()
+	 *
+	 *
+	 * Case 2:  This function          kvmppc_switch_mmu_to_radix()
+	 *
+	 *                                 kvmppc_init_vm_radix()
+	 *                                 smp_wmb()
+	 *          Test kvm_is_radix()    kvm->arch.radix = 1
+	 *          smp_rmb()
+	 *          Use kvm->arch.pgtable
+	 */
+	smp_rmb();
+
+	while (gfn < range->end) {
+		pte_t *ptep;
+		pte_t old, new;
+		unsigned int shift;
+
+		ptep = find_kvm_secondary_pte_unlocked(kvm, gfn * PAGE_SIZE, &shift);
+		if (!ptep)
+			goto next;
+
+		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!page_count(virt_to_page(ptep)));
+
+		old = READ_ONCE(*ptep);
+		if (!pte_present(old) || !pte_young(old))
+			goto next;
+
+		new = pte_mkold(old);
+
+		if (kvm_should_clear_young(range, gfn))
+			pte_xchg(ptep, old, new);
+next:
+		gfn += shift ? BIT(shift - PAGE_SHIFT) : 1;
+	}
+unlock:
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return err;
+}
+
 /* Returns the number of PAGE_SIZE pages that are dirty */
 static int kvm_radix_test_clear_dirty(struct kvm *kvm,
 				struct kvm_memory_slot *memslot, int pagenum)
@@ -1464,13 +1523,15 @@ int kvmppc_radix_init(void)
 {
 	unsigned long size = sizeof(void *) << RADIX_PTE_INDEX_SIZE;
 
-	kvm_pte_cache = kmem_cache_create("kvm-pte", size, size, 0, pte_ctor);
+	kvm_pte_cache = kmem_cache_create("kvm-pte", size, size,
+					  SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, pte_ctor);
 	if (!kvm_pte_cache)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	size = sizeof(void *) << RADIX_PMD_INDEX_SIZE;
 
-	kvm_pmd_cache = kmem_cache_create("kvm-pmd", size, size, 0, pmd_ctor);
+	kvm_pmd_cache = kmem_cache_create("kvm-pmd", size, size,
+					  SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, pmd_ctor);
 	if (!kvm_pmd_cache) {
 		kmem_cache_destroy(kvm_pte_cache);
 		return -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
index 6ba68dd61..b878d097e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
@@ -5242,6 +5242,8 @@ int kvmppc_switch_mmu_to_hpt(struct kvm *kvm)
 	spin_lock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
 	kvm->arch.radix = 0;
 	spin_unlock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
+	/* see the comments in kvm_test_clear_young_hv() */
+	synchronize_rcu();
 	kvmppc_free_radix(kvm);
 
 	lpcr = LPCR_VPM1;
@@ -5266,6 +5268,8 @@ int kvmppc_switch_mmu_to_radix(struct kvm *kvm)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	kvmppc_rmap_reset(kvm);
+	/* see the comments in kvm_test_clear_young_hv() */
+	smp_wmb();
 	/* Mutual exclusion with kvm_unmap_gfn_range etc. */
 	spin_lock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
 	kvm->arch.radix = 1;
@@ -6165,6 +6169,7 @@ static struct kvmppc_ops kvm_ops_hv = {
 	.unmap_gfn_range = kvm_unmap_gfn_range_hv,
 	.age_gfn = kvm_age_gfn_hv,
 	.test_age_gfn = kvm_test_age_gfn_hv,
+	.test_clear_young = kvm_test_clear_young_hv,
 	.set_spte_gfn = kvm_set_spte_gfn_hv,
 	.free_memslot = kvmppc_core_free_memslot_hv,
 	.init_vm =  kvmppc_core_init_vm_hv,
diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/hugetlbpage.c b/arch/s390/mm/hugetlbpage.c
index c299a1827..c718f2a0d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/hugetlbpage.c
+++ b/arch/s390/mm/hugetlbpage.c
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ static unsigned long hugetlb_get_unmapped_area_topdown(struct file *file,
 
 	info.flags = VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN;
 	info.length = len;
-	info.low_limit = max(PAGE_SIZE, mmap_min_addr);
+	info.low_limit = PAGE_SIZE;
 	info.high_limit = current->mm->mmap_base;
 	info.align_mask = PAGE_MASK & ~huge_page_mask(h);
 	info.align_offset = 0;
diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c
index 3327c47bc..fc9a7dc26 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ unsigned long arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown(struct file *filp, unsigned long ad
 
 	info.flags = VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN;
 	info.length = len;
-	info.low_limit = max(PAGE_SIZE, mmap_min_addr);
+	info.low_limit = PAGE_SIZE;
 	info.high_limit = mm->mmap_base;
 	if (filp || (flags & MAP_SHARED))
 		info.align_mask = MMAP_ALIGN_MASK << PAGE_SHIFT;
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 808c292ad..7b8567e5a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1783,6 +1783,7 @@ struct kvm_arch_async_pf {
 
 extern u32 __read_mostly kvm_nr_uret_msrs;
 extern u64 __read_mostly host_efer;
+extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_accessed_mask;
 extern bool __read_mostly allow_smaller_maxphyaddr;
 extern bool __read_mostly enable_apicv;
 extern struct kvm_x86_ops kvm_x86_ops;
@@ -1866,6 +1867,11 @@ void kvm_fire_mask_notifiers(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned irqchip, unsigned pin,
 			     bool mask);
 
 extern bool tdp_enabled;
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+extern bool tdp_mmu_enabled;
+#else
+#define tdp_mmu_enabled false
+#endif
 
 u64 vcpu_tsc_khz(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 
@@ -2204,4 +2210,11 @@ int memslot_rmap_alloc(struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, unsigned long npages);
 	 KVM_X86_QUIRK_FIX_HYPERCALL_INSN |	\
 	 KVM_X86_QUIRK_MWAIT_NEVER_UD_FAULTS)
 
+#define kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young
+static inline bool kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young(void)
+{
+	return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) &&
+	       (!IS_REACHABLE(CONFIG_KVM) || (tdp_mmu_enabled && shadow_accessed_mask));
+}
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_KVM_HOST_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
index 0f38b78ab..c59c7b56a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
@@ -253,12 +253,6 @@ static inline bool kvm_shadow_root_allocated(struct kvm *kvm)
 	return smp_load_acquire(&kvm->arch.shadow_root_allocated);
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
-extern bool tdp_mmu_enabled;
-#else
-#define tdp_mmu_enabled false
-#endif
-
 static inline bool kvm_memslots_have_rmaps(struct kvm *kvm)
 {
 	return !tdp_mmu_enabled || kvm_shadow_root_allocated(kvm);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
index 1279db2ea..a82c4fa1c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@ extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmu_writable_mask;
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_nx_mask;
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_x_mask; /* mutual exclusive with nx_mask */
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_user_mask;
-extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_accessed_mask;
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_dirty_mask;
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_value;
 extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_mask;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
index a8f10825e..e6435275e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
@@ -1299,6 +1299,40 @@ bool kvm_tdp_mmu_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 	return kvm_tdp_mmu_handle_gfn(kvm, range, test_age_gfn);
 }
 
+bool kvm_arch_test_clear_young(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+{
+	struct kvm_mmu_page *root;
+	int offset = ffs(shadow_accessed_mask) - 1;
+
+	if (kvm_shadow_root_allocated(kvm))
+		return true;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(root, &kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_roots, link) {
+		struct tdp_iter iter;
+
+		if (kvm_mmu_page_as_id(root) != range->slot->as_id)
+			continue;
+
+		tdp_root_for_each_leaf_pte(iter, root, range->start, range->end) {
+			u64 *sptep = rcu_dereference(iter.sptep);
+
+			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!page_count(virt_to_page(sptep)));
+
+			if (!(iter.old_spte & shadow_accessed_mask))
+				continue;
+
+			if (kvm_should_clear_young(range, iter.gfn))
+				clear_bit(offset, (unsigned long *)sptep);
+		}
+	}
+
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 static bool set_spte_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
 			 struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 {
diff --git a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
index 9062da6da..4bff10704 100644
--- a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ hugetlb_get_unmapped_area_topdown(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
 
 	info.flags = VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN;
 	info.length = len;
-	info.low_limit = max(PAGE_SIZE, mmap_min_addr);
+	info.low_limit = PAGE_SIZE;
 	info.high_limit = arch_get_mmap_base(addr, current->mm->mmap_base);
 	info.align_mask = PAGE_MASK & ~huge_page_mask(h);
 	info.align_offset = 0;
diff --git a/fs/userfaultfd.c b/fs/userfaultfd.c
index 40f9e1a2e..ee0ae3e98 100644
--- a/fs/userfaultfd.c
+++ b/fs/userfaultfd.c
@@ -827,31 +827,26 @@ static bool has_unmap_ctx(struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx, struct list_head *unmaps,
 	return false;
 }
 
-int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
+int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
 			   unsigned long end, struct list_head *unmaps)
 {
-	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, start);
-	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
-
-	for_each_vma_range(vmi, vma, end) {
-		struct userfaultfd_unmap_ctx *unmap_ctx;
-		struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx = vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx.ctx;
+	struct userfaultfd_unmap_ctx *unmap_ctx;
+	struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx = vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx.ctx;
 
-		if (!ctx || !(ctx->features & UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_UNMAP) ||
-		    has_unmap_ctx(ctx, unmaps, start, end))
-			continue;
+	if (!ctx || !(ctx->features & UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_UNMAP) ||
+	    has_unmap_ctx(ctx, unmaps, start, end))
+		return 0;
 
-		unmap_ctx = kzalloc(sizeof(*unmap_ctx), GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!unmap_ctx)
-			return -ENOMEM;
+	unmap_ctx = kzalloc(sizeof(*unmap_ctx), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!unmap_ctx)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
-		userfaultfd_ctx_get(ctx);
-		atomic_inc(&ctx->mmap_changing);
-		unmap_ctx->ctx = ctx;
-		unmap_ctx->start = start;
-		unmap_ctx->end = end;
-		list_add_tail(&unmap_ctx->list, unmaps);
-	}
+	userfaultfd_ctx_get(ctx);
+	atomic_inc(&ctx->mmap_changing);
+	unmap_ctx->ctx = ctx;
+	unmap_ctx->start = start;
+	unmap_ctx->end = end;
+	list_add_tail(&unmap_ctx->list, unmaps);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/kvm_host.h b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
index a9adf7534..1714f82a0 100644
--- a/include/linux/kvm_host.h
+++ b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ int kvm_async_pf_wakeup_all(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 #ifdef KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER
 struct kvm_gfn_range {
 	struct kvm_memory_slot *slot;
+	void *args;
 	gfn_t start;
 	gfn_t end;
 	pte_t pte;
@@ -267,6 +268,27 @@ bool kvm_unmap_gfn_range(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 bool kvm_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
 bool kvm_set_spte_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
+bool kvm_should_clear_young(struct kvm_gfn_range *range, gfn_t gfn);
+bool kvm_arch_test_clear_young(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Architectures that implement kvm_arch_test_clear_young() should override
+ * kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young().
+ *
+ * kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young() is allowed to return false positive, i.e., it
+ * can return true if kvm_arch_test_clear_young() is supported but disabled due
+ * to some runtime constraint. In this case, kvm_arch_test_clear_young() should
+ * return true; otherwise, it should return false.
+ *
+ * For each young KVM PTE, kvm_arch_test_clear_young() should call
+ * kvm_should_clear_young() to decide whether to clear the accessed bit.
+ */
+#ifndef kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young
+static inline bool kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young(void)
+{
+	return false;
+}
 #endif
 
 enum {
diff --git a/include/linux/maple_tree.h b/include/linux/maple_tree.h
index 1fadb5f59..6e5bd2c98 100644
--- a/include/linux/maple_tree.h
+++ b/include/linux/maple_tree.h
@@ -455,7 +455,9 @@ void *mas_erase(struct ma_state *mas);
 int mas_store_gfp(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
 void mas_store_prealloc(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry);
 void *mas_find(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
+void *mas_find_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
 void *mas_find_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min);
+void *mas_find_range_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
 int mas_preallocate(struct ma_state *mas, gfp_t gfp);
 bool mas_is_err(struct ma_state *mas);
 
@@ -466,10 +468,18 @@ void mas_destroy(struct ma_state *mas);
 int mas_expected_entries(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long nr_entries);
 
 void *mas_prev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min);
+void *mas_prev_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
 void *mas_next(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
+void *mas_next_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
 
 int mas_empty_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, unsigned long max,
 		   unsigned long size);
+/*
+ * This finds an empty area from the highest address to the lowest.
+ * AKA "Topdown" version,
+ */
+int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
+		       unsigned long max, unsigned long size);
 
 static inline void mas_init(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_tree *tree,
 			    unsigned long addr)
@@ -482,23 +492,17 @@ static inline void mas_init(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_tree *tree,
 }
 
 /* Checks if a mas has not found anything */
-static inline bool mas_is_none(struct ma_state *mas)
+static inline bool mas_is_none(const struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	return mas->node == MAS_NONE;
 }
 
 /* Checks if a mas has been paused */
-static inline bool mas_is_paused(struct ma_state *mas)
+static inline bool mas_is_paused(const struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	return mas->node == MAS_PAUSE;
 }
 
-/*
- * This finds an empty area from the highest address to the lowest.
- * AKA "Topdown" version,
- */
-int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
-		       unsigned long max, unsigned long size);
 /**
  * mas_reset() - Reset a Maple Tree operation state.
  * @mas: Maple Tree operation state.
@@ -528,7 +532,6 @@ static inline void mas_reset(struct ma_state *mas)
 #define mas_for_each(__mas, __entry, __max) \
 	while (((__entry) = mas_find((__mas), (__max))) != NULL)
 
-
 /**
  * mas_set_range() - Set up Maple Tree operation state for a different index.
  * @mas: Maple Tree operation state.
@@ -616,7 +619,7 @@ static inline void mt_clear_in_rcu(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		return;
 
 	if (mt_external_lock(mt)) {
-		BUG_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
+		WARN_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
 		mt->ma_flags &= ~MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
 	} else {
 		mtree_lock(mt);
@@ -635,7 +638,7 @@ static inline void mt_set_in_rcu(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		return;
 
 	if (mt_external_lock(mt)) {
-		BUG_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
+		WARN_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
 		mt->ma_flags |= MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
 	} else {
 		mtree_lock(mt);
@@ -659,10 +662,11 @@ void *mt_next(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long max);
  * mt_for_each - Iterate over each entry starting at index until max.
  * @__tree: The Maple Tree
  * @__entry: The current entry
- * @__index: The index to update to track the location in the tree
+ * @__index: The index to start the search from. Subsequently used as iterator.
  * @__max: The maximum limit for @index
  *
- * Note: Will not return the zero entry.
+ * This iterator skips all entries, which resolve to a NULL pointer,
+ * e.g. entries which has been reserved with XA_ZERO_ENTRY.
  */
 #define mt_for_each(__tree, __entry, __index, __max) \
 	for (__entry = mt_find(__tree, &(__index), __max); \
@@ -670,10 +674,17 @@ void *mt_next(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long max);
 
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
+enum mt_dump_format {
+	mt_dump_dec,
+	mt_dump_hex,
+};
+
 extern atomic_t maple_tree_tests_run;
 extern atomic_t maple_tree_tests_passed;
 
-void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt);
+void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt, enum mt_dump_format format);
+void mas_dump(const struct ma_state *mas);
+void mas_wr_dump(const struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas);
 void mt_validate(struct maple_tree *mt);
 void mt_cache_shrink(void);
 #define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x) do {					\
@@ -681,7 +692,23 @@ void mt_cache_shrink(void);
 	if (__x) {							\
 		pr_info("BUG at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
 		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
-		mt_dump(__tree);					\
+		mt_dump(__tree, mt_dump_hex);				\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+		dump_stack();						\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
+#define MAS_BUG_ON(__mas, __x) do {					\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (__x) {							\
+		pr_info("BUG at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		mas_dump(__mas);					\
+		mt_dump((__mas)->tree, mt_dump_hex);			\
 		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
 			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
 			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
@@ -690,8 +717,84 @@ void mt_cache_shrink(void);
 		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
 	}								\
 } while (0)
+
+#define MAS_WR_BUG_ON(__wrmas, __x) do {				\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (__x) {							\
+		pr_info("BUG at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		mas_wr_dump(__wrmas);					\
+		mas_dump((__wrmas)->mas);				\
+		mt_dump((__wrmas)->mas->tree, mt_dump_hex);		\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+		dump_stack();						\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
+#define MT_WARN_ON(__tree, __x)  ({					\
+	int ret = !!(__x);						\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (ret) {							\
+		pr_info("WARN at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		mt_dump(__tree, mt_dump_hex);				\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+		dump_stack();						\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+	unlikely(ret);							\
+})
+
+#define MAS_WARN_ON(__mas, __x) ({					\
+	int ret = !!(__x);						\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (ret) {							\
+		pr_info("WARN at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		mas_dump(__mas);					\
+		mt_dump((__mas)->tree, mt_dump_hex);			\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+		dump_stack();						\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+	unlikely(ret);							\
+})
+
+#define MAS_WR_WARN_ON(__wrmas, __x) ({					\
+	int ret = !!(__x);						\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (ret) {							\
+		pr_info("WARN at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		mas_wr_dump(__wrmas);					\
+		mas_dump((__wrmas)->mas);				\
+		mt_dump((__wrmas)->mas->tree, mt_dump_hex);		\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+		dump_stack();						\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+	unlikely(ret);							\
+})
 #else
-#define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x) BUG_ON(__x)
+#define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x)		BUG_ON(__x)
+#define MAS_BUG_ON(__mas, __x)		BUG_ON(__x)
+#define MAS_WR_BUG_ON(__mas, __x)	BUG_ON(__x)
+#define MT_WARN_ON(__tree, __x)		WARN_ON(__x)
+#define MAS_WARN_ON(__mas, __x)		WARN_ON(__x)
+#define MAS_WR_WARN_ON(__mas, __x)	WARN_ON(__x)
 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE */
 
 #endif /*_LINUX_MAPLE_TREE_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index ced82b9c1..fd0ff16e1 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -745,11 +745,24 @@ static inline struct vm_area_struct *vma_next(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
 	return mas_find(&vmi->mas, ULONG_MAX);
 }
 
+static inline
+struct vm_area_struct *vma_iter_next_range(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
+{
+	return mas_next_range(&vmi->mas, ULONG_MAX);
+}
+
+
 static inline struct vm_area_struct *vma_prev(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
 {
 	return mas_prev(&vmi->mas, 0);
 }
 
+static inline
+struct vm_area_struct *vma_iter_prev_range(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
+{
+	return mas_prev_range(&vmi->mas, 0);
+}
+
 static inline unsigned long vma_iter_addr(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
 {
 	return vmi->mas.index;
diff --git a/include/linux/mmdebug.h b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
index b8728d11c..7c3e7b0b0 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmdebug.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 struct page;
 struct vm_area_struct;
 struct mm_struct;
+struct vma_iterator;
 
 void dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason);
 void dump_vma(const struct vm_area_struct *vma);
 void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm);
+void vma_iter_dump_tree(const struct vma_iterator *vmi);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
 #define VM_BUG_ON(cond) BUG_ON(cond)
@@ -74,6 +76,17 @@ void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm);
 	}								\
 	unlikely(__ret_warn_once);					\
 })
+#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_MM(cond, mm)		({			\
+	static bool __section(".data.once") __warned;			\
+	int __ret_warn_once = !!(cond);					\
+									\
+	if (unlikely(__ret_warn_once && !__warned)) {			\
+		dump_mm(mm);						\
+		__warned = true;					\
+		WARN_ON(1);						\
+	}								\
+	unlikely(__ret_warn_once);					\
+})
 
 #define VM_WARN_ON(cond) (void)WARN_ON(cond)
 #define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(cond) (void)WARN_ON_ONCE(cond)
@@ -90,6 +103,7 @@ void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm);
 #define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(cond, page)  BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
 #define VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(cond, folio)  BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
 #define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(cond, folio)  BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
+#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_MM(cond, mm)  BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
 #define VM_WARN_ONCE(cond, format...) BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
 #define VM_WARN(cond, format...) BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(cond)
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
index 64a3e051c..748e5bddb 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ enum mmu_notifier_event {
 };
 
 #define MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_BLOCKABLE (1 << 0)
+#define MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_LOCKLESS	(1 << 1)
+#define MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_YOUNG	(1 << 2)
 
 struct mmu_notifier_ops {
 	/*
@@ -102,25 +104,9 @@ struct mmu_notifier_ops {
 				 unsigned long start,
 				 unsigned long end);
 
-	/*
-	 * clear_young is a lightweight version of clear_flush_young. Like the
-	 * latter, it is supposed to test-and-clear the young/accessed bitflag
-	 * in the secondary pte, but it may omit flushing the secondary tlb.
-	 */
-	int (*clear_young)(struct mmu_notifier *subscription,
-			   struct mm_struct *mm,
-			   unsigned long start,
-			   unsigned long end);
-
-	/*
-	 * test_young is called to check the young/accessed bitflag in
-	 * the secondary pte. This is used to know if the page is
-	 * frequently used without actually clearing the flag or tearing
-	 * down the secondary mapping on the page.
-	 */
-	int (*test_young)(struct mmu_notifier *subscription,
-			  struct mm_struct *mm,
-			  unsigned long address);
+	int (*test_clear_young)(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm,
+				unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+				bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap);
 
 	/*
 	 * change_pte is called in cases that pte mapping to page is changed:
@@ -387,11 +373,9 @@ extern void __mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm);
 extern int __mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					  unsigned long start,
 					  unsigned long end);
-extern int __mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      unsigned long start,
-				      unsigned long end);
-extern int __mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				     unsigned long address);
+extern int __mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
+					   unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+					   bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap);
 extern void __mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm,
 				      unsigned long address, pte_t pte);
 extern int __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(struct mmu_notifier_range *r);
@@ -428,7 +412,7 @@ static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					   unsigned long end)
 {
 	if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
-		return __mmu_notifier_clear_young(mm, start, end);
+		return __mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(mm, start, end, true, NULL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -436,7 +420,36 @@ static inline int mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					  unsigned long address)
 {
 	if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
-		return __mmu_notifier_test_young(mm, address);
+		return __mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(mm, address, address + 1, false, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mmu_notifier_test_clear_young() returns nonzero if any of the KVM PTEs within
+ * a given range was young: MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_LOCKLESS if the fast path was
+ * successful, MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_YOUNG otherwise.
+ *
+ * The last parameter to the function is a bitmap and only the fast path
+ * supports it: if it is NULL, the function falls back to the slow path if the
+ * fast path was unsuccessful; otherwise, the function bails out.
+ *
+ * The bitmap has the following specifications:
+ * 1. The number of bits should be at least (end-start)/PAGE_SIZE.
+ * 2. The offset of each bit should be relative to the end, i.e., the offset
+ *    corresponding to addr should be (end-addr)/PAGE_SIZE-1. This is convenient
+ *    for batching while forward looping.
+ *
+ * When testing, this function sets the corresponding bit in the bitmap for each
+ * young KVM PTE. When clearing, this function clears the accessed bit for each
+ * young KVM PTE whose corresponding bit in the bitmap is set.
+ */
+static inline int mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
+						unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+						bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap)
+{
+	if (mm_has_notifiers(mm))
+		return __mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(mm, start, end, clear, bitmap);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -684,12 +697,26 @@ static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
+					   unsigned long start,
+					   unsigned long end)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline int mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					  unsigned long address)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
+						unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+						bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline void mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					   unsigned long address, pte_t pte)
 {
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 9fb1b03b8..73541a065 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -379,6 +379,7 @@ enum {
 	LRU_GEN_CORE,
 	LRU_GEN_MM_WALK,
 	LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG,
+	LRU_GEN_KVM_MMU_WALK,
 	NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS
 };
 
@@ -453,18 +454,14 @@ enum {
 struct lru_gen_mm_state {
 	/* set to max_seq after each iteration */
 	unsigned long seq;
-	/* where the current iteration continues (inclusive) */
+	/* where the current iteration continues after */
 	struct list_head *head;
-	/* where the last iteration ended (exclusive) */
+	/* where the last iteration ended before */
 	struct list_head *tail;
-	/* to wait for the last page table walker to finish */
-	struct wait_queue_head wait;
 	/* Bloom filters flip after each iteration */
 	unsigned long *filters[NR_BLOOM_FILTERS];
 	/* the mm stats for debugging */
 	unsigned long stats[NR_HIST_GENS][NR_MM_STATS];
-	/* the number of concurrent page table walkers */
-	int nr_walkers;
 };
 
 struct lru_gen_mm_walk {
@@ -485,7 +482,7 @@ struct lru_gen_mm_walk {
 };
 
 void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec);
-void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw);
+bool lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
 
@@ -573,8 +570,9 @@ static inline void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec)
 {
 }
 
-static inline void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
+static inline bool lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 {
+	return false;
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -1369,7 +1367,7 @@ typedef struct pglist_data {
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN
 	/* kswap mm walk data */
-	struct lru_gen_mm_walk	mm_walk;
+	struct lru_gen_mm_walk mm_walk;
 	/* lru_gen_folio list */
 	struct lru_gen_memcg memcg_lru;
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
index 3767f1811..a48a46fef 100644
--- a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
+++ b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ extern bool userfaultfd_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			       unsigned long start,
 			       unsigned long end);
 
-extern int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
-				  unsigned long end, struct list_head *uf);
+extern int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, struct list_head *uf);
 extern void userfaultfd_unmap_complete(struct mm_struct *mm,
 				       struct list_head *uf);
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ static inline bool userfaultfd_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	return true;
 }
 
-static inline int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct mm_struct *mm,
+static inline int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 					 unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 					 struct list_head *uf)
 {
diff --git a/include/trace/events/kvm.h b/include/trace/events/kvm.h
index 3bd31ea23..46c347e56 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/kvm.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/kvm.h
@@ -489,21 +489,6 @@ TRACE_EVENT(kvm_age_hva,
 		  __entry->start, __entry->end)
 );
 
-TRACE_EVENT(kvm_test_age_hva,
-	TP_PROTO(unsigned long hva),
-	TP_ARGS(hva),
-
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(	unsigned long,	hva		)
-	),
-
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->hva		= hva;
-	),
-
-	TP_printk("mmu notifier test age hva: %#016lx", __entry->hva)
-);
-
 #endif /* _TRACE_KVM_MAIN_H */
 
 /* This part must be outside protection */
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index 39d1d9316..7d24aee07 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -2271,9 +2271,13 @@ config TEST_XARRAY
 	tristate "Test the XArray code at runtime"
 
 config TEST_MAPLE_TREE
-	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
-	select DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
-	tristate "Test the Maple Tree code at runtime"
+	tristate "Test the Maple Tree code at runtime or module load"
+	help
+	  Enable this option to test the maple tree code functions at boot, or
+	  when the module is loaded. Enable "Debug Maple Trees" will enable
+	  more verbose output on failures.
+
+	  If unsure, say N.
 
 config TEST_RHASHTABLE
 	tristate "Perform selftest on resizable hash table"
diff --git a/lib/maple_tree.c b/lib/maple_tree.c
index a614129d4..e7b979239 100644
--- a/lib/maple_tree.c
+++ b/lib/maple_tree.c
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ static void mas_set_height(struct ma_state *mas)
 	unsigned int new_flags = mas->tree->ma_flags;
 
 	new_flags &= ~MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_MASK;
-	BUG_ON(mas->depth > MAPLE_HEIGHT_MAX);
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, mas->depth > MAPLE_HEIGHT_MAX);
 	new_flags |= mas->depth << MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_OFFSET;
 	mas->tree->ma_flags = new_flags;
 }
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ static inline void mas_set_err(struct ma_state *mas, long err)
 	mas->node = MA_ERROR(err);
 }
 
-static inline bool mas_is_ptr(struct ma_state *mas)
+static inline bool mas_is_ptr(const struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	return mas->node == MAS_ROOT;
 }
 
-static inline bool mas_is_start(struct ma_state *mas)
+static inline bool mas_is_start(const struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	return mas->node == MAS_START;
 }
@@ -425,28 +425,26 @@ static inline unsigned long mte_parent_slot_mask(unsigned long parent)
 }
 
 /*
- * mas_parent_enum() - Return the maple_type of the parent from the stored
+ * mas_parent_type() - Return the maple_type of the parent from the stored
  * parent type.
  * @mas: The maple state
- * @node: The maple_enode to extract the parent's enum
+ * @enode: The maple_enode to extract the parent's enum
  * Return: The node->parent maple_type
  */
 static inline
-enum maple_type mte_parent_enum(struct maple_enode *p_enode,
-				struct maple_tree *mt)
+enum maple_type mas_parent_type(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_enode *enode)
 {
 	unsigned long p_type;
 
-	p_type = (unsigned long)p_enode;
-	if (p_type & MAPLE_PARENT_ROOT)
-		return 0; /* Validated in the caller. */
+	p_type = (unsigned long)mte_to_node(enode)->parent;
+	if (WARN_ON(p_type & MAPLE_PARENT_ROOT))
+		return 0;
 
 	p_type &= MAPLE_NODE_MASK;
-	p_type = p_type & ~(MAPLE_PARENT_ROOT | mte_parent_slot_mask(p_type));
-
+	p_type &= ~mte_parent_slot_mask(p_type);
 	switch (p_type) {
 	case MAPLE_PARENT_RANGE64: /* or MAPLE_PARENT_ARANGE64 */
-		if (mt_is_alloc(mt))
+		if (mt_is_alloc(mas->tree))
 			return maple_arange_64;
 		return maple_range_64;
 	}
@@ -454,14 +452,8 @@ enum maple_type mte_parent_enum(struct maple_enode *p_enode,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline
-enum maple_type mas_parent_enum(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_enode *enode)
-{
-	return mte_parent_enum(ma_enode_ptr(mte_to_node(enode)->parent), mas->tree);
-}
-
 /*
- * mte_set_parent() - Set the parent node and encode the slot
+ * mas_set_parent() - Set the parent node and encode the slot
  * @enode: The encoded maple node.
  * @parent: The encoded maple node that is the parent of @enode.
  * @slot: The slot that @enode resides in @parent.
@@ -470,16 +462,16 @@ enum maple_type mas_parent_enum(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_enode *enode)
  * parent type.
  */
 static inline
-void mte_set_parent(struct maple_enode *enode, const struct maple_enode *parent,
-		    unsigned char slot)
+void mas_set_parent(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_enode *enode,
+		    const struct maple_enode *parent, unsigned char slot)
 {
 	unsigned long val = (unsigned long)parent;
 	unsigned long shift;
 	unsigned long type;
 	enum maple_type p_type = mte_node_type(parent);
 
-	BUG_ON(p_type == maple_dense);
-	BUG_ON(p_type == maple_leaf_64);
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, p_type == maple_dense);
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, p_type == maple_leaf_64);
 
 	switch (p_type) {
 	case maple_range_64:
@@ -671,22 +663,22 @@ static inline unsigned long *ma_gaps(struct maple_node *node,
 }
 
 /*
- * mte_pivot() - Get the pivot at @piv of the maple encoded node.
- * @mn: The maple encoded node.
+ * mas_pivot() - Get the pivot at @piv of the maple encoded node.
+ * @mas: The maple state.
  * @piv: The pivot.
  *
  * Return: the pivot at @piv of @mn.
  */
-static inline unsigned long mte_pivot(const struct maple_enode *mn,
-				 unsigned char piv)
+static inline unsigned long mas_pivot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char piv)
 {
-	struct maple_node *node = mte_to_node(mn);
-	enum maple_type type = mte_node_type(mn);
+	struct maple_node *node = mas_mn(mas);
+	enum maple_type type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 
-	if (piv >= mt_pivots[type]) {
-		WARN_ON(1);
+	if (MAS_WARN_ON(mas, piv >= mt_pivots[type])) {
+		mas_set_err(mas, -EIO);
 		return 0;
 	}
+
 	switch (type) {
 	case maple_arange_64:
 		return node->ma64.pivot[piv];
@@ -971,8 +963,6 @@ static inline unsigned char ma_meta_end(struct maple_node *mn,
 static inline unsigned char ma_meta_gap(struct maple_node *mn,
 					enum maple_type mt)
 {
-	BUG_ON(mt != maple_arange_64);
-
 	return mn->ma64.meta.gap;
 }
 
@@ -1111,7 +1101,6 @@ static int mas_ascend(struct ma_state *mas)
 	enum maple_type a_type;
 	unsigned long min, max;
 	unsigned long *pivots;
-	unsigned char offset;
 	bool set_max = false, set_min = false;
 
 	a_node = mas_mn(mas);
@@ -1123,8 +1112,9 @@ static int mas_ascend(struct ma_state *mas)
 	p_node = mte_parent(mas->node);
 	if (unlikely(a_node == p_node))
 		return 1;
-	a_type = mas_parent_enum(mas, mas->node);
-	offset = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
+
+	a_type = mas_parent_type(mas, mas->node);
+	mas->offset = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
 	a_enode = mt_mk_node(p_node, a_type);
 
 	/* Check to make sure all parent information is still accurate */
@@ -1132,7 +1122,6 @@ static int mas_ascend(struct ma_state *mas)
 		return 1;
 
 	mas->node = a_enode;
-	mas->offset = offset;
 
 	if (mte_is_root(a_enode)) {
 		mas->max = ULONG_MAX;
@@ -1140,11 +1129,17 @@ static int mas_ascend(struct ma_state *mas)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!mas->min)
+		set_min = true;
+
+	if (mas->max == ULONG_MAX)
+		set_max = true;
+
 	min = 0;
 	max = ULONG_MAX;
 	do {
 		p_enode = a_enode;
-		a_type = mas_parent_enum(mas, p_enode);
+		a_type = mas_parent_type(mas, p_enode);
 		a_node = mte_parent(p_enode);
 		a_slot = mte_parent_slot(p_enode);
 		a_enode = mt_mk_node(a_node, a_type);
@@ -1401,9 +1396,9 @@ static inline struct maple_enode *mas_start(struct ma_state *mas)
 
 		mas->min = 0;
 		mas->max = ULONG_MAX;
-		mas->depth = 0;
 
 retry:
+		mas->depth = 0;
 		root = mas_root(mas);
 		/* Tree with nodes */
 		if (likely(xa_is_node(root))) {
@@ -1631,6 +1626,7 @@ static inline unsigned long mas_max_gap(struct ma_state *mas)
 		return mas_leaf_max_gap(mas);
 
 	node = mas_mn(mas);
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, mt != maple_arange_64);
 	offset = ma_meta_gap(node, mt);
 	if (offset == MAPLE_ARANGE64_META_MAX)
 		return 0;
@@ -1659,11 +1655,12 @@ static inline void mas_parent_gap(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char offset,
 	enum maple_type pmt;
 
 	pnode = mte_parent(mas->node);
-	pmt = mas_parent_enum(mas, mas->node);
+	pmt = mas_parent_type(mas, mas->node);
 	penode = mt_mk_node(pnode, pmt);
 	pgaps = ma_gaps(pnode, pmt);
 
 ascend:
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, pmt != maple_arange_64);
 	meta_offset = ma_meta_gap(pnode, pmt);
 	if (meta_offset == MAPLE_ARANGE64_META_MAX)
 		meta_gap = 0;
@@ -1691,7 +1688,7 @@ static inline void mas_parent_gap(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char offset,
 
 	/* Go to the parent node. */
 	pnode = mte_parent(penode);
-	pmt = mas_parent_enum(mas, penode);
+	pmt = mas_parent_type(mas, penode);
 	pgaps = ma_gaps(pnode, pmt);
 	offset = mte_parent_slot(penode);
 	penode = mt_mk_node(pnode, pmt);
@@ -1718,7 +1715,7 @@ static inline void mas_update_gap(struct ma_state *mas)
 
 	pslot = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
 	p_gap = ma_gaps(mte_parent(mas->node),
-			mas_parent_enum(mas, mas->node))[pslot];
+			mas_parent_type(mas, mas->node))[pslot];
 
 	if (p_gap != max_gap)
 		mas_parent_gap(mas, pslot, max_gap);
@@ -1743,7 +1740,7 @@ static inline void mas_adopt_children(struct ma_state *mas,
 	offset = ma_data_end(node, type, pivots, mas->max);
 	do {
 		child = mas_slot_locked(mas, slots, offset);
-		mte_set_parent(child, parent, offset);
+		mas_set_parent(mas, child, parent, offset);
 	} while (offset--);
 }
 
@@ -1755,7 +1752,7 @@ static inline void mas_adopt_children(struct ma_state *mas,
  * leave the node (true) and handle the adoption and free elsewhere.
  */
 static inline void mas_replace(struct ma_state *mas, bool advanced)
-	__must_hold(mas->tree->lock)
+	__must_hold(mas->tree->ma_lock)
 {
 	struct maple_node *mn = mas_mn(mas);
 	struct maple_enode *old_enode;
@@ -1767,7 +1764,7 @@ static inline void mas_replace(struct ma_state *mas, bool advanced)
 	} else {
 		offset = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
 		slots = ma_slots(mte_parent(mas->node),
-				 mas_parent_enum(mas, mas->node));
+				 mas_parent_type(mas, mas->node));
 		old_enode = mas_slot_locked(mas, slots, offset);
 	}
 
@@ -1795,7 +1792,7 @@ static inline void mas_replace(struct ma_state *mas, bool advanced)
  * @child: the maple state to store the child.
  */
 static inline bool mas_new_child(struct ma_state *mas, struct ma_state *child)
-	__must_hold(mas->tree->lock)
+	__must_hold(mas->tree->ma_lock)
 {
 	enum maple_type mt;
 	unsigned char offset;
@@ -1943,8 +1940,9 @@ static inline int mab_calc_split(struct ma_state *mas,
 		 * causes one node to be deficient.
 		 * NOTE: mt_min_slots is 1 based, b_end and split are zero.
 		 */
-		while (((bn->pivot[split] - min) < slot_count - 1) &&
-		       (split < slot_count - 1) && (b_end - split > slot_min))
+		while ((split < slot_count - 1) &&
+		       ((bn->pivot[split] - min) < slot_count - 1) &&
+		       (b_end - split > slot_min))
 			split++;
 	}
 
@@ -2312,9 +2310,7 @@ static inline struct maple_enode *mte_node_or_none(struct maple_enode *enode)
 static inline void mas_wr_node_walk(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
-	unsigned char count;
-	unsigned char offset;
-	unsigned long index, min, max;
+	unsigned char count, offset;
 
 	if (unlikely(ma_is_dense(wr_mas->type))) {
 		wr_mas->r_max = wr_mas->r_min = mas->index;
@@ -2327,34 +2323,12 @@ static inline void mas_wr_node_walk(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 	count = wr_mas->node_end = ma_data_end(wr_mas->node, wr_mas->type,
 					       wr_mas->pivots, mas->max);
 	offset = mas->offset;
-	min = mas_safe_min(mas, wr_mas->pivots, offset);
-	if (unlikely(offset == count))
-		goto max;
-
-	max = wr_mas->pivots[offset];
-	index = mas->index;
-	if (unlikely(index <= max))
-		goto done;
 
-	if (unlikely(!max && offset))
-		goto max;
-
-	min = max + 1;
-	while (++offset < count) {
-		max = wr_mas->pivots[offset];
-		if (index <= max)
-			goto done;
-		else if (unlikely(!max))
-			break;
-
-		min = max + 1;
-	}
+	while (offset < count && mas->index > wr_mas->pivots[offset])
+		offset++;
 
-max:
-	max = mas->max;
-done:
-	wr_mas->r_max = max;
-	wr_mas->r_min = min;
+	wr_mas->r_max = offset < count ? wr_mas->pivots[offset] : mas->max;
+	wr_mas->r_min = mas_safe_min(mas, wr_mas->pivots, offset);
 	wr_mas->offset_end = mas->offset = offset;
 }
 
@@ -2371,7 +2345,8 @@ static inline void mas_topiary_range(struct ma_state *mas,
 	void __rcu **slots;
 	unsigned char offset;
 
-	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, mte_is_leaf(mas->node));
+	MAS_BUG_ON(mas, mte_is_leaf(mas->node));
+
 	slots = ma_slots(mas_mn(mas), mte_node_type(mas->node));
 	for (offset = start; offset <= end; offset++) {
 		struct maple_enode *enode = mas_slot_locked(mas, slots, offset);
@@ -2731,9 +2706,9 @@ static inline void mas_set_split_parent(struct ma_state *mas,
 		return;
 
 	if ((*slot) <= split)
-		mte_set_parent(mas->node, left, *slot);
+		mas_set_parent(mas, mas->node, left, *slot);
 	else if (right)
-		mte_set_parent(mas->node, right, (*slot) - split - 1);
+		mas_set_parent(mas, mas->node, right, (*slot) - split - 1);
 
 	(*slot)++;
 }
@@ -3130,12 +3105,12 @@ static int mas_spanning_rebalance(struct ma_state *mas,
 				mte_node_type(mast->orig_l->node));
 	mast->orig_l->depth++;
 	mab_mas_cp(mast->bn, 0, mt_slots[mast->bn->type] - 1, &l_mas, true);
-	mte_set_parent(left, l_mas.node, slot);
+	mas_set_parent(mas, left, l_mas.node, slot);
 	if (middle)
-		mte_set_parent(middle, l_mas.node, ++slot);
+		mas_set_parent(mas, middle, l_mas.node, ++slot);
 
 	if (right)
-		mte_set_parent(right, l_mas.node, ++slot);
+		mas_set_parent(mas, right, l_mas.node, ++slot);
 
 	if (mas_is_root_limits(mast->l)) {
 new_root:
@@ -3274,7 +3249,7 @@ static inline void mas_destroy_rebalance(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char end
 	l_mas.max = l_pivs[split];
 	mas->min = l_mas.max + 1;
 	eparent = mt_mk_node(mte_parent(l_mas.node),
-			     mas_parent_enum(&l_mas, l_mas.node));
+			     mas_parent_type(&l_mas, l_mas.node));
 	tmp += end;
 	if (!in_rcu) {
 		unsigned char max_p = mt_pivots[mt];
@@ -3282,7 +3257,7 @@ static inline void mas_destroy_rebalance(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char end
 
 		if (tmp < max_p)
 			memset(pivs + tmp, 0,
-			       sizeof(unsigned long *) * (max_p - tmp));
+			       sizeof(unsigned long) * (max_p - tmp));
 
 		if (tmp < mt_slots[mt])
 			memset(slots + tmp, 0, sizeof(void *) * (max_s - tmp));
@@ -3317,7 +3292,7 @@ static inline void mas_destroy_rebalance(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned char end
 
 	/* replace parent. */
 	offset = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
-	mt = mas_parent_enum(&l_mas, l_mas.node);
+	mt = mas_parent_type(&l_mas, l_mas.node);
 	parent = mas_pop_node(mas);
 	slots = ma_slots(parent, mt);
 	pivs = ma_pivots(parent, mt);
@@ -3362,8 +3337,8 @@ static inline bool mas_split_final_node(struct maple_subtree_state *mast,
 	 * The Big_node data should just fit in a single node.
 	 */
 	ancestor = mas_new_ma_node(mas, mast->bn);
-	mte_set_parent(mast->l->node, ancestor, mast->l->offset);
-	mte_set_parent(mast->r->node, ancestor, mast->r->offset);
+	mas_set_parent(mas, mast->l->node, ancestor, mast->l->offset);
+	mas_set_parent(mas, mast->r->node, ancestor, mast->r->offset);
 	mte_to_node(ancestor)->parent = mas_mn(mas)->parent;
 
 	mast->l->node = ancestor;
@@ -3753,43 +3728,31 @@ static inline void mas_store_root(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry)
  */
 static bool mas_is_span_wr(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
-	unsigned long max;
+	unsigned long max = wr_mas->r_max;
 	unsigned long last = wr_mas->mas->last;
-	unsigned long piv = wr_mas->r_max;
 	enum maple_type type = wr_mas->type;
 	void *entry = wr_mas->entry;
 
-	/* Contained in this pivot */
-	if (piv > last)
+	/* Contained in this pivot, fast path */
+	if (last < max)
 		return false;
 
-	max = wr_mas->mas->max;
-	if (unlikely(ma_is_leaf(type))) {
-		/* Fits in the node, but may span slots. */
+	if (ma_is_leaf(type)) {
+		max = wr_mas->mas->max;
 		if (last < max)
 			return false;
+	}
 
-		/* Writes to the end of the node but not null. */
-		if ((last == max) && entry)
-			return false;
-
+	if (last == max) {
 		/*
-		 * Writing ULONG_MAX is not a spanning write regardless of the
-		 * value being written as long as the range fits in the node.
+		 * The last entry of leaf node cannot be NULL unless it is the
+		 * rightmost node (writing ULONG_MAX), otherwise it spans slots.
 		 */
-		if ((last == ULONG_MAX) && (last == max))
-			return false;
-	} else if (piv == last) {
-		if (entry)
-			return false;
-
-		/* Detect spanning store wr walk */
-		if (last == ULONG_MAX)
+		if (entry || last == ULONG_MAX)
 			return false;
 	}
 
-	trace_ma_write(__func__, wr_mas->mas, piv, entry);
-
+	trace_ma_write(__func__, wr_mas->mas, wr_mas->r_max, entry);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -4111,52 +4074,27 @@ static inline int mas_wr_spanning_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
  *
  * Return: True if stored, false otherwise
  */
-static inline bool mas_wr_node_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
+static inline bool mas_wr_node_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas,
+				     unsigned char new_end)
 {
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
 	void __rcu **dst_slots;
 	unsigned long *dst_pivots;
-	unsigned char dst_offset;
-	unsigned char new_end = wr_mas->node_end;
-	unsigned char offset;
-	unsigned char node_slots = mt_slots[wr_mas->type];
+	unsigned char dst_offset, offset_end = wr_mas->offset_end;
 	struct maple_node reuse, *newnode;
-	unsigned char copy_size, max_piv = mt_pivots[wr_mas->type];
+	unsigned char copy_size, node_pivots = mt_pivots[wr_mas->type];
 	bool in_rcu = mt_in_rcu(mas->tree);
 
-	offset = mas->offset;
-	if (mas->last == wr_mas->r_max) {
-		/* runs right to the end of the node */
-		if (mas->last == mas->max)
-			new_end = offset;
-		/* don't copy this offset */
-		wr_mas->offset_end++;
-	} else if (mas->last < wr_mas->r_max) {
-		/* new range ends in this range */
-		if (unlikely(wr_mas->r_max == ULONG_MAX))
-			mas_bulk_rebalance(mas, wr_mas->node_end, wr_mas->type);
-
-		new_end++;
-	} else {
-		if (wr_mas->end_piv == mas->last)
-			wr_mas->offset_end++;
-
-		new_end -= wr_mas->offset_end - offset - 1;
-	}
-
-	/* new range starts within a range */
-	if (wr_mas->r_min < mas->index)
-		new_end++;
-
-	/* Not enough room */
-	if (new_end >= node_slots)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Not enough data. */
+	/* Check if there is enough data. The room is enough. */
 	if (!mte_is_root(mas->node) && (new_end <= mt_min_slots[wr_mas->type]) &&
 	    !(mas->mas_flags & MA_STATE_BULK))
 		return false;
 
+	if (mas->last == wr_mas->end_piv)
+		offset_end++; /* don't copy this offset */
+	else if (unlikely(wr_mas->r_max == ULONG_MAX))
+		mas_bulk_rebalance(mas, wr_mas->node_end, wr_mas->type);
+
 	/* set up node. */
 	if (in_rcu) {
 		mas_node_count(mas, 1);
@@ -4173,47 +4111,36 @@ static inline bool mas_wr_node_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 	dst_pivots = ma_pivots(newnode, wr_mas->type);
 	dst_slots = ma_slots(newnode, wr_mas->type);
 	/* Copy from start to insert point */
-	memcpy(dst_pivots, wr_mas->pivots, sizeof(unsigned long) * (offset + 1));
-	memcpy(dst_slots, wr_mas->slots, sizeof(void *) * (offset + 1));
-	dst_offset = offset;
+	memcpy(dst_pivots, wr_mas->pivots, sizeof(unsigned long) * mas->offset);
+	memcpy(dst_slots, wr_mas->slots, sizeof(void *) * mas->offset);
 
 	/* Handle insert of new range starting after old range */
 	if (wr_mas->r_min < mas->index) {
-		mas->offset++;
-		rcu_assign_pointer(dst_slots[dst_offset], wr_mas->content);
-		dst_pivots[dst_offset++] = mas->index - 1;
+		rcu_assign_pointer(dst_slots[mas->offset], wr_mas->content);
+		dst_pivots[mas->offset++] = mas->index - 1;
 	}
 
 	/* Store the new entry and range end. */
-	if (dst_offset < max_piv)
-		dst_pivots[dst_offset] = mas->last;
-	mas->offset = dst_offset;
-	rcu_assign_pointer(dst_slots[dst_offset], wr_mas->entry);
+	if (mas->offset < node_pivots)
+		dst_pivots[mas->offset] = mas->last;
+	rcu_assign_pointer(dst_slots[mas->offset], wr_mas->entry);
 
 	/*
 	 * this range wrote to the end of the node or it overwrote the rest of
 	 * the data
 	 */
-	if (wr_mas->offset_end > wr_mas->node_end || mas->last >= mas->max) {
-		new_end = dst_offset;
+	if (offset_end > wr_mas->node_end)
 		goto done;
-	}
 
-	dst_offset++;
+	dst_offset = mas->offset + 1;
 	/* Copy to the end of node if necessary. */
-	copy_size = wr_mas->node_end - wr_mas->offset_end + 1;
-	memcpy(dst_slots + dst_offset, wr_mas->slots + wr_mas->offset_end,
+	copy_size = wr_mas->node_end - offset_end + 1;
+	memcpy(dst_slots + dst_offset, wr_mas->slots + offset_end,
 	       sizeof(void *) * copy_size);
-	if (dst_offset < max_piv) {
-		if (copy_size > max_piv - dst_offset)
-			copy_size = max_piv - dst_offset;
-
-		memcpy(dst_pivots + dst_offset,
-		       wr_mas->pivots + wr_mas->offset_end,
-		       sizeof(unsigned long) * copy_size);
-	}
+	memcpy(dst_pivots + dst_offset, wr_mas->pivots + offset_end,
+	       sizeof(unsigned long) * (copy_size - 1));
 
-	if ((wr_mas->node_end == node_slots - 1) && (new_end < node_slots - 1))
+	if (new_end < node_pivots)
 		dst_pivots[new_end] = mas->max;
 
 done:
@@ -4239,59 +4166,58 @@ static inline bool mas_wr_node_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 static inline bool mas_wr_slot_store(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
-	unsigned long lmax; /* Logical max. */
 	unsigned char offset = mas->offset;
+	void __rcu **slots = wr_mas->slots;
+	bool gap = false;
 
-	if ((wr_mas->r_max > mas->last) && ((wr_mas->r_min != mas->index) ||
-				  (offset != wr_mas->node_end)))
-		return false;
-
-	if (offset == wr_mas->node_end - 1)
-		lmax = mas->max;
-	else
-		lmax = wr_mas->pivots[offset + 1];
+	gap |= !mt_slot_locked(mas->tree, slots, offset);
+	gap |= !mt_slot_locked(mas->tree, slots, offset + 1);
 
-	/* going to overwrite too many slots. */
-	if (lmax < mas->last)
+	if (wr_mas->offset_end - offset == 1) {
+		if (mas->index == wr_mas->r_min) {
+			/* Overwriting the range and a part of the next one */
+			rcu_assign_pointer(slots[offset], wr_mas->entry);
+			wr_mas->pivots[offset] = mas->last;
+		} else {
+			/* Overwriting a part of the range and the next one */
+			rcu_assign_pointer(slots[offset + 1], wr_mas->entry);
+			wr_mas->pivots[offset] = mas->index - 1;
+			mas->offset++; /* Keep mas accurate. */
+		}
+	} else if (!mt_in_rcu(mas->tree)) {
+		/*
+		 * Expand the range, only partially overwriting the previous and
+		 * next ranges
+		 */
+		gap |= !mt_slot_locked(mas->tree, slots, offset + 2);
+		rcu_assign_pointer(slots[offset + 1], wr_mas->entry);
+		wr_mas->pivots[offset] = mas->index - 1;
+		wr_mas->pivots[offset + 1] = mas->last;
+		mas->offset++; /* Keep mas accurate. */
+	} else {
 		return false;
-
-	if (wr_mas->r_min == mas->index) {
-		/* overwriting two or more ranges with one. */
-		if (lmax == mas->last)
-			return false;
-
-		/* Overwriting all of offset and a portion of offset + 1. */
-		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[offset], wr_mas->entry);
-		wr_mas->pivots[offset] = mas->last;
-		goto done;
 	}
 
-	/* Doesn't end on the next range end. */
-	if (lmax != mas->last)
-		return false;
-
-	/* Overwriting a portion of offset and all of offset + 1 */
-	if ((offset + 1 < mt_pivots[wr_mas->type]) &&
-	    (wr_mas->entry || wr_mas->pivots[offset + 1]))
-		wr_mas->pivots[offset + 1] = mas->last;
-
-	rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[offset + 1], wr_mas->entry);
-	wr_mas->pivots[offset] = mas->index - 1;
-	mas->offset++; /* Keep mas accurate. */
-
-done:
 	trace_ma_write(__func__, mas, 0, wr_mas->entry);
-	mas_update_gap(mas);
+	/*
+	 * Only update gap when the new entry is empty or there is an empty
+	 * entry in the original two ranges.
+	 */
+	if (!wr_mas->entry || gap)
+		mas_update_gap(mas);
+
 	return true;
 }
 
 static inline void mas_wr_end_piv(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
-	while ((wr_mas->mas->last > wr_mas->end_piv) &&
-	       (wr_mas->offset_end < wr_mas->node_end))
-		wr_mas->end_piv = wr_mas->pivots[++wr_mas->offset_end];
+	while ((wr_mas->offset_end < wr_mas->node_end) &&
+	       (wr_mas->mas->last > wr_mas->pivots[wr_mas->offset_end]))
+		wr_mas->offset_end++;
 
-	if (wr_mas->mas->last > wr_mas->end_piv)
+	if (wr_mas->offset_end < wr_mas->node_end)
+		wr_mas->end_piv = wr_mas->pivots[wr_mas->offset_end];
+	else
 		wr_mas->end_piv = wr_mas->mas->max;
 }
 
@@ -4299,19 +4225,21 @@ static inline void mas_wr_extend_null(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
 
-	if (mas->last < wr_mas->end_piv && !wr_mas->slots[wr_mas->offset_end])
+	if (!wr_mas->slots[wr_mas->offset_end]) {
+		/* If this one is null, the next and prev are not */
 		mas->last = wr_mas->end_piv;
-
-	/* Check next slot(s) if we are overwriting the end */
-	if ((mas->last == wr_mas->end_piv) &&
-	    (wr_mas->node_end != wr_mas->offset_end) &&
-	    !wr_mas->slots[wr_mas->offset_end + 1]) {
-		wr_mas->offset_end++;
-		if (wr_mas->offset_end == wr_mas->node_end)
-			mas->last = mas->max;
-		else
-			mas->last = wr_mas->pivots[wr_mas->offset_end];
-		wr_mas->end_piv = mas->last;
+	} else {
+		/* Check next slot(s) if we are overwriting the end */
+		if ((mas->last == wr_mas->end_piv) &&
+		    (wr_mas->node_end != wr_mas->offset_end) &&
+		    !wr_mas->slots[wr_mas->offset_end + 1]) {
+			wr_mas->offset_end++;
+			if (wr_mas->offset_end == wr_mas->node_end)
+				mas->last = mas->max;
+			else
+				mas->last = wr_mas->pivots[wr_mas->offset_end];
+			wr_mas->end_piv = mas->last;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (!wr_mas->content) {
@@ -4329,41 +4257,69 @@ static inline void mas_wr_extend_null(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 	}
 }
 
-static inline bool mas_wr_append(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
+static inline unsigned char mas_wr_new_end(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
-	unsigned char end = wr_mas->node_end;
-	unsigned char new_end = end + 1;
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
-	unsigned char node_pivots = mt_pivots[wr_mas->type];
+	unsigned char new_end = wr_mas->node_end + 2;
 
-	if ((mas->index != wr_mas->r_min) && (mas->last == wr_mas->r_max)) {
-		if (new_end < node_pivots)
-			wr_mas->pivots[new_end] = wr_mas->pivots[end];
+	new_end -= wr_mas->offset_end - mas->offset;
+	if (wr_mas->r_min == mas->index)
+		new_end--;
 
-		if (new_end < node_pivots)
-			ma_set_meta(wr_mas->node, maple_leaf_64, 0, new_end);
+	if (wr_mas->end_piv == mas->last)
+		new_end--;
 
-		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[new_end], wr_mas->entry);
-		mas->offset = new_end;
-		wr_mas->pivots[end] = mas->index - 1;
+	return new_end;
+}
 
-		return true;
-	}
+/*
+ * mas_wr_append: Attempt to append
+ * @wr_mas: the maple write state
+ *
+ * Return: True if appended, false otherwise
+ */
+static inline bool mas_wr_append(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas,
+				 unsigned char new_end)
+{
+	unsigned char end = wr_mas->node_end;
+	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
+	unsigned char node_pivots = mt_pivots[wr_mas->type];
 
-	if ((mas->index == wr_mas->r_min) && (mas->last < wr_mas->r_max)) {
-		if (new_end < node_pivots)
-			wr_mas->pivots[new_end] = wr_mas->pivots[end];
+	if (mas->offset != wr_mas->node_end)
+		return false;
 
-		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[new_end], wr_mas->content);
-		if (new_end < node_pivots)
-			ma_set_meta(wr_mas->node, maple_leaf_64, 0, new_end);
+	if (new_end < node_pivots) {
+		wr_mas->pivots[new_end] = wr_mas->pivots[end];
+		ma_set_meta(wr_mas->node, maple_leaf_64, 0, new_end);
+	}
 
-		wr_mas->pivots[end] = mas->last;
-		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[end], wr_mas->entry);
-		return true;
+	if (new_end == wr_mas->node_end + 1) {
+		if (mas->last == wr_mas->r_max) {
+			/* Append to end of range */
+			rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[new_end],
+					   wr_mas->entry);
+			wr_mas->pivots[end] = mas->index - 1;
+			mas->offset = new_end;
+		} else {
+			/* Append to start of range */
+			rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[new_end],
+					   wr_mas->content);
+			wr_mas->pivots[end] = mas->last;
+			rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[end], wr_mas->entry);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Append to the range without touching any boundaries. */
+		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[new_end], wr_mas->content);
+		wr_mas->pivots[end + 1] = mas->last;
+		rcu_assign_pointer(wr_mas->slots[end + 1], wr_mas->entry);
+		wr_mas->pivots[end] = mas->index - 1;
+		mas->offset = end + 1;
 	}
 
-	return false;
+	if (!wr_mas->content || !wr_mas->entry)
+		mas_update_gap(mas);
+
+	return  true;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4384,9 +4340,8 @@ static void mas_wr_bnode(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 
 static inline void mas_wr_modify(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 {
-	unsigned char node_slots;
-	unsigned char node_size;
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
+	unsigned char new_end;
 
 	/* Direct replacement */
 	if (wr_mas->r_min == mas->index && wr_mas->r_max == mas->last) {
@@ -4396,26 +4351,22 @@ static inline void mas_wr_modify(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/* Attempt to append */
-	node_slots = mt_slots[wr_mas->type];
-	node_size = wr_mas->node_end - wr_mas->offset_end + mas->offset + 2;
-	if (mas->max == ULONG_MAX)
-		node_size++;
-
-	/* slot and node store will not fit, go to the slow path */
-	if (unlikely(node_size >= node_slots))
+	/*
+	 * new_end exceeds the size of the maple node and cannot enter the fast
+	 * path.
+	 */
+	new_end = mas_wr_new_end(wr_mas);
+	if (new_end >= mt_slots[wr_mas->type])
 		goto slow_path;
 
-	if (wr_mas->entry && (wr_mas->node_end < node_slots - 1) &&
-	    (mas->offset == wr_mas->node_end) && mas_wr_append(wr_mas)) {
-		if (!wr_mas->content || !wr_mas->entry)
-			mas_update_gap(mas);
+	/* Attempt to append */
+	if (mas_wr_append(wr_mas, new_end))
 		return;
-	}
 
-	if ((wr_mas->offset_end - mas->offset <= 1) && mas_wr_slot_store(wr_mas))
+	if (new_end == wr_mas->node_end && mas_wr_slot_store(wr_mas))
 		return;
-	else if (mas_wr_node_store(wr_mas))
+
+	if (mas_wr_node_store(wr_mas, new_end))
 		return;
 
 	if (mas_is_err(mas))
@@ -4448,7 +4399,6 @@ static inline void *mas_wr_store_entry(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 	}
 
 	/* At this point, we are at the leaf node that needs to be altered. */
-	wr_mas->end_piv = wr_mas->r_max;
 	mas_wr_end_piv(wr_mas);
 
 	if (!wr_mas->entry)
@@ -4522,6 +4472,25 @@ static inline void *mas_insert(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry)
 
 }
 
+static inline void mas_rewalk(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index)
+{
+retry:
+	mas_set(mas, index);
+	mas_state_walk(mas);
+	if (mas_is_start(mas))
+		goto retry;
+}
+
+static inline bool mas_rewalk_if_dead(struct ma_state *mas,
+		struct maple_node *node, const unsigned long index)
+{
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node))) {
+		mas_rewalk(mas, index);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * mas_prev_node() - Find the prev non-null entry at the same level in the
  * tree.  The prev value will be mas->node[mas->offset] or MAS_NONE.
@@ -4537,15 +4506,19 @@ static inline int mas_prev_node(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 	int offset, level;
 	void __rcu **slots;
 	struct maple_node *node;
-	struct maple_enode *enode;
 	unsigned long *pivots;
+	unsigned long max;
 
-	if (mas_is_none(mas))
-		return 0;
+	node = mas_mn(mas);
+	if (!mas->min)
+		goto no_entry;
+
+	max = mas->min - 1;
+	if (max < min)
+		goto no_entry;
 
 	level = 0;
 	do {
-		node = mas_mn(mas);
 		if (ma_is_root(node))
 			goto no_entry;
 
@@ -4554,64 +4527,41 @@ static inline int mas_prev_node(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 			return 1;
 		offset = mas->offset;
 		level++;
+		node = mas_mn(mas);
 	} while (!offset);
 
 	offset--;
 	mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
-	node = mas_mn(mas);
-	slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
-	pivots = ma_pivots(node, mt);
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
-		return 1;
-
-	mas->max = pivots[offset];
-	if (offset)
-		mas->min = pivots[offset - 1] + 1;
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
-		return 1;
-
-	if (mas->max < min)
-		goto no_entry_min;
-
 	while (level > 1) {
 		level--;
-		enode = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
+		slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
+		mas->node = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
 		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 			return 1;
 
-		mas->node = enode;
 		mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 		node = mas_mn(mas);
-		slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
 		pivots = ma_pivots(node, mt);
-		offset = ma_data_end(node, mt, pivots, mas->max);
+		offset = ma_data_end(node, mt, pivots, max);
 		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 			return 1;
-
-		if (offset)
-			mas->min = pivots[offset - 1] + 1;
-
-		if (offset < mt_pivots[mt])
-			mas->max = pivots[offset];
-
-		if (mas->max < min)
-			goto no_entry;
 	}
 
+	slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
 	mas->node = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
+	pivots = ma_pivots(node, mt);
 	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 		return 1;
 
+	if (likely(offset))
+		mas->min = pivots[offset - 1] + 1;
+	mas->max = max;
 	mas->offset = mas_data_end(mas);
 	if (unlikely(mte_dead_node(mas->node)))
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
 
-no_entry_min:
-	mas->offset = offset;
-	if (offset)
-		mas->min = pivots[offset - 1] + 1;
 no_entry:
 	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 		return 1;
@@ -4620,6 +4570,76 @@ static inline int mas_prev_node(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * mas_prev_slot() - Get the entry in the previous slot
+ *
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @max: The minimum starting range
+ *
+ * Return: The entry in the previous slot which is possibly NULL
+ */
+static void *mas_prev_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, bool empty)
+{
+	void *entry;
+	void __rcu **slots;
+	unsigned long pivot;
+	enum maple_type type;
+	unsigned long *pivots;
+	struct maple_node *node;
+	unsigned long save_point = mas->index;
+
+retry:
+	node = mas_mn(mas);
+	type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
+	pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
+	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+		goto retry;
+
+again:
+	if (mas->min <= min) {
+		pivot = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, mas->offset);
+
+		if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+			goto retry;
+
+		if (pivot <= min)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (likely(mas->offset)) {
+		mas->offset--;
+		mas->last = mas->index - 1;
+		mas->index = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, mas->offset);
+	} else  {
+		if (mas_prev_node(mas, min)) {
+			mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
+			goto retry;
+		}
+
+		if (mas_is_none(mas))
+			return NULL;
+
+		mas->last = mas->max;
+		node = mas_mn(mas);
+		type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
+		pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
+		mas->index = pivots[mas->offset - 1] + 1;
+	}
+
+	slots = ma_slots(node, type);
+	entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, mas->offset);
+	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+		goto retry;
+
+	if (likely(entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	if (!empty)
+		goto again;
+
+	return entry;
+}
+
 /*
  * mas_next_node() - Get the next node at the same level in the tree.
  * @mas: The maple state
@@ -4631,11 +4651,10 @@ static inline int mas_prev_node(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 static inline int mas_next_node(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *node,
 				unsigned long max)
 {
-	unsigned long min, pivot;
+	unsigned long min;
 	unsigned long *pivots;
 	struct maple_enode *enode;
 	int level = 0;
-	unsigned char offset;
 	unsigned char node_end;
 	enum maple_type mt;
 	void __rcu **slots;
@@ -4643,19 +4662,16 @@ static inline int mas_next_node(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *node,
 	if (mas->max >= max)
 		goto no_entry;
 
+	min = mas->max + 1;
 	level = 0;
 	do {
 		if (ma_is_root(node))
 			goto no_entry;
 
-		min = mas->max + 1;
-		if (min > max)
-			goto no_entry;
-
+		/* Walk up. */
 		if (unlikely(mas_ascend(mas)))
 			return 1;
 
-		offset = mas->offset;
 		level++;
 		node = mas_mn(mas);
 		mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
@@ -4664,36 +4680,37 @@ static inline int mas_next_node(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *node,
 		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 			return 1;
 
-	} while (unlikely(offset == node_end));
+	} while (unlikely(mas->offset == node_end));
 
 	slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
-	pivot = mas_safe_pivot(mas, pivots, ++offset, mt);
-	while (unlikely(level > 1)) {
-		/* Descend, if necessary */
-		enode = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
-		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
-			return 1;
+	mas->offset++;
+	enode = mas_slot(mas, slots, mas->offset);
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+		return 1;
 
-		mas->node = enode;
+	if (level > 1)
+		mas->offset = 0;
+
+	while (unlikely(level > 1)) {
 		level--;
+		mas->node = enode;
 		node = mas_mn(mas);
 		mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 		slots = ma_slots(node, mt);
-		pivots = ma_pivots(node, mt);
+		enode = mas_slot(mas, slots, 0);
 		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 			return 1;
-
-		offset = 0;
-		pivot = pivots[0];
 	}
 
-	enode = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
+	if (!mas->offset)
+		pivots = ma_pivots(node, mt);
+
+	mas->max = mas_safe_pivot(mas, pivots, mas->offset, mt);
 	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
 		return 1;
 
 	mas->node = enode;
 	mas->min = min;
-	mas->max = pivot;
 	return 0;
 
 no_entry:
@@ -4705,92 +4722,88 @@ static inline int mas_next_node(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *node,
 }
 
 /*
- * mas_next_nentry() - Get the next node entry
- * @mas: The maple state
- * @max: The maximum value to check
- * @*range_start: Pointer to store the start of the range.
+ * mas_next_slot() - Get the entry in the next slot
  *
- * Sets @mas->offset to the offset of the next node entry, @mas->last to the
- * pivot of the entry.
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @max: The maximum starting range
+ * @empty: Can be empty
  *
- * Return: The next entry, %NULL otherwise
+ * Return: The entry in the next slot which is possibly NULL
  */
-static inline void *mas_next_nentry(struct ma_state *mas,
-	    struct maple_node *node, unsigned long max, enum maple_type type)
+static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 {
-	unsigned char count;
-	unsigned long pivot;
-	unsigned long *pivots;
 	void __rcu **slots;
+	unsigned long *pivots;
+	unsigned long pivot;
+	enum maple_type type;
+	struct maple_node *node;
+	unsigned char data_end;
+	unsigned long save_point = mas->last;
 	void *entry;
 
-	if (mas->last == mas->max) {
-		mas->index = mas->max;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	slots = ma_slots(node, type);
+retry:
+	node = mas_mn(mas);
+	type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 	pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
-	count = ma_data_end(node, type, pivots, mas->max);
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
-		return NULL;
-
-	mas->index = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, mas->offset);
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (mas->index > max)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (mas->offset > count)
-		return NULL;
+	data_end = ma_data_end(node, type, pivots, mas->max);
+	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+		goto retry;
 
-	while (mas->offset < count) {
-		pivot = pivots[mas->offset];
-		entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, mas->offset);
-		if (ma_dead_node(node))
-			return NULL;
+again:
+	if (mas->max >= max) {
+		if (likely(mas->offset < data_end))
+			pivot = pivots[mas->offset];
+		else
+			return NULL; /* must be mas->max */
 
-		if (entry)
-			goto found;
+		if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+			goto retry;
 
 		if (pivot >= max)
 			return NULL;
+	}
 
-		mas->index = pivot + 1;
+	if (likely(mas->offset < data_end)) {
+		mas->index = pivots[mas->offset] + 1;
 		mas->offset++;
-	}
+		if (likely(mas->offset < data_end))
+			mas->last = pivots[mas->offset];
+		else
+			mas->last = mas->max;
+	} else  {
+		if (mas_next_node(mas, node, max)) {
+			mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
+			goto retry;
+		}
 
-	if (mas->index > mas->max) {
-		mas->index = mas->last;
-		return NULL;
+		if (mas_is_none(mas))
+			return NULL;
+
+		mas->offset = 0;
+		mas->index = mas->min;
+		node = mas_mn(mas);
+		type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
+		pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
+		mas->last = pivots[0];
 	}
 
-	pivot = mas_safe_pivot(mas, pivots, mas->offset, type);
-	entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, mas->offset);
-	if (ma_dead_node(node))
-		return NULL;
+	slots = ma_slots(node, type);
+	entry = mt_slot(mas->tree, slots, mas->offset);
+	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
+		goto retry;
 
-	if (!pivot)
-		return NULL;
+	if (entry)
+		return entry;
 
-	if (!entry)
-		return NULL;
+	if (!empty) {
+		if (!mas->offset)
+			data_end = 2;
+		goto again;
+	}
 
-found:
-	mas->last = pivot;
 	return entry;
 }
 
-static inline void mas_rewalk(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index)
-{
-retry:
-	mas_set(mas, index);
-	mas_state_walk(mas);
-	if (mas_is_start(mas))
-		goto retry;
-}
-
 /*
  * mas_next_entry() - Internal function to get the next entry.
  * @mas: The maple state
@@ -4805,155 +4818,10 @@ static inline void mas_rewalk(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index)
  */
 static inline void *mas_next_entry(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long limit)
 {
-	void *entry = NULL;
-	struct maple_enode *prev_node;
-	struct maple_node *node;
-	unsigned char offset;
-	unsigned long last;
-	enum maple_type mt;
-
-	if (mas->index > limit) {
-		mas->index = mas->last = limit;
-		mas_pause(mas);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	last = mas->last;
-retry:
-	offset = mas->offset;
-	prev_node = mas->node;
-	node = mas_mn(mas);
-	mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
-	mas->offset++;
-	if (unlikely(mas->offset >= mt_slots[mt])) {
-		mas->offset = mt_slots[mt] - 1;
-		goto next_node;
-	}
-
-	while (!mas_is_none(mas)) {
-		entry = mas_next_nentry(mas, node, limit, mt);
-		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node))) {
-			mas_rewalk(mas, last);
-			goto retry;
-		}
-
-		if (likely(entry))
-			return entry;
-
-		if (unlikely((mas->index > limit)))
-			break;
-
-next_node:
-		prev_node = mas->node;
-		offset = mas->offset;
-		if (unlikely(mas_next_node(mas, node, limit))) {
-			mas_rewalk(mas, last);
-			goto retry;
-		}
-		mas->offset = 0;
-		node = mas_mn(mas);
-		mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
-	}
-
-	mas->index = mas->last = limit;
-	mas->offset = offset;
-	mas->node = prev_node;
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * mas_prev_nentry() - Get the previous node entry.
- * @mas: The maple state.
- * @limit: The lower limit to check for a value.
- *
- * Return: the entry, %NULL otherwise.
- */
-static inline void *mas_prev_nentry(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long limit,
-				    unsigned long index)
-{
-	unsigned long pivot, min;
-	unsigned char offset;
-	struct maple_node *mn;
-	enum maple_type mt;
-	unsigned long *pivots;
-	void __rcu **slots;
-	void *entry;
-
-retry:
-	if (!mas->offset)
+	if (mas->last >= limit)
 		return NULL;
 
-	mn = mas_mn(mas);
-	mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
-	offset = mas->offset - 1;
-	if (offset >= mt_slots[mt])
-		offset = mt_slots[mt] - 1;
-
-	slots = ma_slots(mn, mt);
-	pivots = ma_pivots(mn, mt);
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(mn))) {
-		mas_rewalk(mas, index);
-		goto retry;
-	}
-
-	if (offset == mt_pivots[mt])
-		pivot = mas->max;
-	else
-		pivot = pivots[offset];
-
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(mn))) {
-		mas_rewalk(mas, index);
-		goto retry;
-	}
-
-	while (offset && ((!mas_slot(mas, slots, offset) && pivot >= limit) ||
-	       !pivot))
-		pivot = pivots[--offset];
-
-	min = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, offset);
-	entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, offset);
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(mn))) {
-		mas_rewalk(mas, index);
-		goto retry;
-	}
-
-	if (likely(entry)) {
-		mas->offset = offset;
-		mas->last = pivot;
-		mas->index = min;
-	}
-	return entry;
-}
-
-static inline void *mas_prev_entry(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
-{
-	void *entry;
-
-	if (mas->index < min) {
-		mas->index = mas->last = min;
-		mas->node = MAS_NONE;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-retry:
-	while (likely(!mas_is_none(mas))) {
-		entry = mas_prev_nentry(mas, min, mas->index);
-		if (unlikely(mas->last < min))
-			goto not_found;
-
-		if (likely(entry))
-			return entry;
-
-		if (unlikely(mas_prev_node(mas, min))) {
-			mas_rewalk(mas, mas->index);
-			goto retry;
-		}
-
-		mas->offset++;
-	}
-
-	mas->offset--;
-not_found:
-	mas->index = mas->last = min;
-	return NULL;
+	return mas_next_slot(mas, limit, false);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5129,24 +4997,25 @@ void *mas_walk(struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	void *entry;
 
+	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_paused(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas))
+		mas->node = MAS_START;
 retry:
 	entry = mas_state_walk(mas);
-	if (mas_is_start(mas))
+	if (mas_is_start(mas)) {
 		goto retry;
-
-	if (mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
+	} else if (mas_is_none(mas)) {
+		mas->index = 0;
+		mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+	} else if (mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
 		if (!mas->index) {
 			mas->last = 0;
-		} else {
-			mas->index = 1;
-			mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+			return entry;
 		}
-		return entry;
-	}
 
-	if (mas_is_none(mas)) {
-		mas->index = 0;
+		mas->index = 1;
 		mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+		mas->node = MAS_NONE;
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	return entry;
@@ -5225,46 +5094,6 @@ static inline void mas_awalk(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long size)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * mas_fill_gap() - Fill a located gap with @entry.
- * @mas: The maple state
- * @entry: The value to store
- * @slot: The offset into the node to store the @entry
- * @size: The size of the entry
- * @index: The start location
- */
-static inline void mas_fill_gap(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry,
-		unsigned char slot, unsigned long size, unsigned long *index)
-{
-	MA_WR_STATE(wr_mas, mas, entry);
-	unsigned char pslot = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
-	struct maple_enode *mn = mas->node;
-	unsigned long *pivots;
-	enum maple_type ptype;
-	/*
-	 * mas->index is the start address for the search
-	 *  which may no longer be needed.
-	 * mas->last is the end address for the search
-	 */
-
-	*index = mas->index;
-	mas->last = mas->index + size - 1;
-
-	/*
-	 * It is possible that using mas->max and mas->min to correctly
-	 * calculate the index and last will cause an issue in the gap
-	 * calculation, so fix the ma_state here
-	 */
-	mas_ascend(mas);
-	ptype = mte_node_type(mas->node);
-	pivots = ma_pivots(mas_mn(mas), ptype);
-	mas->max = mas_safe_pivot(mas, pivots, pslot, ptype);
-	mas->min = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, pslot);
-	mas->node = mn;
-	mas->offset = slot;
-	mas_wr_store_entry(&wr_mas);
-}
-
 /*
  * mas_sparse_area() - Internal function.  Return upper or lower limit when
  * searching for a gap in an empty tree.
@@ -5274,25 +5103,28 @@ static inline void mas_fill_gap(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry,
  * @size: The size of the gap
  * @fwd: Searching forward or back
  */
-static inline void mas_sparse_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
+static inline int mas_sparse_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 				unsigned long max, unsigned long size, bool fwd)
 {
-	unsigned long start = 0;
-
-	if (!unlikely(mas_is_none(mas)))
-		start++;
+	if (!unlikely(mas_is_none(mas)) && min == 0) {
+		min++;
+		/*
+		 * At this time, min is increased, we need to recheck whether
+		 * the size is satisfied.
+		 */
+		if (min > max || max - min + 1 < size)
+			return -EBUSY;
+	}
 	/* mas_is_ptr */
 
-	if (start < min)
-		start = min;
-
 	if (fwd) {
-		mas->index = start;
-		mas->last = start + size - 1;
-		return;
+		mas->index = min;
+		mas->last = min + size - 1;
+	} else {
+		mas->last = max;
+		mas->index = max - size + 1;
 	}
-
-	mas->index = max;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5310,7 +5142,10 @@ int mas_empty_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 	unsigned long *pivots;
 	enum maple_type mt;
 
-	if (min >= max)
+	if (min > max)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (size == 0 || max - min < size - 1)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (mas_is_start(mas))
@@ -5321,10 +5156,8 @@ int mas_empty_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	/* Empty set */
-	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
-		mas_sparse_area(mas, min, max, size, true);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas))
+		return mas_sparse_area(mas, min, max, size, true);
 
 	/* The start of the window can only be within these values */
 	mas->index = min;
@@ -5361,7 +5194,10 @@ int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 {
 	struct maple_enode *last = mas->node;
 
-	if (min >= max)
+	if (min > max)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (size == 0 || max - min < size - 1)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (mas_is_start(mas)) {
@@ -5374,10 +5210,8 @@ int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 	}
 
 	/* Empty set. */
-	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
-		mas_sparse_area(mas, min, max, size, false);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas))
+		return mas_sparse_area(mas, min, max, size, false);
 
 	/* The start of the window can only be within these values. */
 	mas->index = min;
@@ -5399,7 +5233,7 @@ int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	/* Trim the upper limit to the max. */
-	if (max <= mas->last)
+	if (max < mas->last)
 		mas->last = max;
 
 	mas->index = mas->last - size + 1;
@@ -5407,71 +5241,6 @@ int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_empty_area_rev);
 
-static inline int mas_alloc(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry,
-		unsigned long size, unsigned long *index)
-{
-	unsigned long min;
-
-	mas_start(mas);
-	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
-		mas_root_expand(mas, entry);
-		if (mas_is_err(mas))
-			return xa_err(mas->node);
-
-		if (!mas->index)
-			return mte_pivot(mas->node, 0);
-		return mte_pivot(mas->node, 1);
-	}
-
-	/* Must be walking a tree. */
-	mas_awalk(mas, size);
-	if (mas_is_err(mas))
-		return xa_err(mas->node);
-
-	if (mas->offset == MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS)
-		goto no_gap;
-
-	/*
-	 * At this point, mas->node points to the right node and we have an
-	 * offset that has a sufficient gap.
-	 */
-	min = mas->min;
-	if (mas->offset)
-		min = mte_pivot(mas->node, mas->offset - 1) + 1;
-
-	if (mas->index < min)
-		mas->index = min;
-
-	mas_fill_gap(mas, entry, mas->offset, size, index);
-	return 0;
-
-no_gap:
-	return -EBUSY;
-}
-
-static inline int mas_rev_alloc(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
-				unsigned long max, void *entry,
-				unsigned long size, unsigned long *index)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	ret = mas_empty_area_rev(mas, min, max, size);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (mas_is_err(mas))
-		return xa_err(mas->node);
-
-	if (mas->offset == MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS)
-		goto no_gap;
-
-	mas_fill_gap(mas, entry, mas->offset, size, index);
-	return 0;
-
-no_gap:
-	return -EBUSY;
-}
-
 /*
  * mte_dead_leaves() - Mark all leaves of a node as dead.
  * @mas: The maple state
@@ -5719,9 +5488,9 @@ void *mas_store(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry)
 
 	trace_ma_write(__func__, mas, 0, entry);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
-	if (mas->index > mas->last)
-		pr_err("Error %lu > %lu %p\n", mas->index, mas->last, entry);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, mas->index > mas->last);
+	if (MAS_WARN_ON(mas, mas->index > mas->last))
+		pr_err("Error %lX > %lX %p\n", mas->index, mas->last, entry);
+
 	if (mas->index > mas->last) {
 		mas_set_err(mas, -EINVAL);
 		return NULL;
@@ -5781,7 +5550,7 @@ void mas_store_prealloc(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry)
 	mas_wr_store_setup(&wr_mas);
 	trace_ma_write(__func__, mas, 0, entry);
 	mas_wr_store_entry(&wr_mas);
-	BUG_ON(mas_is_err(mas));
+	MAS_WR_BUG_ON(&wr_mas, mas_is_err(mas));
 	mas_destroy(mas);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_store_prealloc);
@@ -5809,6 +5578,7 @@ int mas_preallocate(struct ma_state *mas, gfp_t gfp)
 	mas_reset(mas);
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_preallocate);
 
 /*
  * mas_destroy() - destroy a maple state.
@@ -5832,9 +5602,7 @@ void mas_destroy(struct ma_state *mas)
 	if (mas->mas_flags & MA_STATE_REBALANCE) {
 		unsigned char end;
 
-		if (mas_is_start(mas))
-			mas_start(mas);
-
+		mas_start(mas);
 		mtree_range_walk(mas);
 		end = mas_data_end(mas) + 1;
 		if (end < mt_min_slot_count(mas->node) - 1)
@@ -5924,6 +5692,34 @@ int mas_expected_entries(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long nr_entries)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_expected_entries);
 
+static inline bool mas_next_setup(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max,
+		void **entry)
+{
+	bool was_none = mas_is_none(mas);
+
+	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_paused(mas))
+		mas->node = MAS_START;
+
+	if (mas_is_start(mas))
+		*entry = mas_walk(mas); /* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_walk */
+
+	if (mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
+		*entry = NULL;
+		if (was_none && mas->index == 0) {
+			mas->index = mas->last = 0;
+			return true;
+		}
+		mas->index = 1;
+		mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+		mas->node = MAS_NONE;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (mas_is_none(mas))
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
 /**
  * mas_next() - Get the next entry.
  * @mas: The maple state
@@ -5937,92 +5733,148 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_expected_entries);
  */
 void *mas_next(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
 {
+	void *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (mas_next_setup(mas, max, &entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_slot */
+	return mas_next_slot(mas, max, false);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_next);
+
+/**
+ * mas_next_range() - Advance the maple state to the next range
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @max: The maximum index to check.
+ *
+ * Sets @mas->index and @mas->last to the range.
+ * Must hold rcu_read_lock or the write lock.
+ * Can return the zero entry.
+ *
+ * Return: The next entry or %NULL
+ */
+void *mas_next_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
+{
+	void *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (mas_next_setup(mas, max, &entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_slot */
+	return mas_next_slot(mas, max, true);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_next_range);
+
+/**
+ * mt_next() - get the next value in the maple tree
+ * @mt: The maple tree
+ * @index: The start index
+ * @max: The maximum index to check
+ *
+ * Takes RCU read lock internally to protect the search, which does not
+ * protect the returned pointer after dropping RCU read lock.
+ * See also: Documentation/core-api/maple_tree.rst
+ *
+ * Return: The entry higher than @index or %NULL if nothing is found.
+ */
+void *mt_next(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long max)
+{
+	void *entry = NULL;
+	MA_STATE(mas, mt, index, index);
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, max);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	return entry;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_next);
+
+static inline bool mas_prev_setup(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
+		void **entry)
+{
+	if (mas->index <= min)
+		goto none;
+
 	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_paused(mas))
 		mas->node = MAS_START;
 
-	if (mas_is_start(mas))
-		mas_walk(mas); /* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_walk */
+	if (mas_is_start(mas)) {
+		mas_walk(mas);
+		if (!mas->index)
+			goto none;
+	}
 
-	if (mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
-		if (!mas->index) {
-			mas->index = 1;
-			mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+	if (unlikely(mas_is_ptr(mas))) {
+		if (!mas->index)
+			goto none;
+		mas->index = mas->last = 0;
+		*entry = mas_root(mas);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (mas_is_none(mas)) {
+		if (mas->index) {
+			/* Walked to out-of-range pointer? */
+			mas->index = mas->last = 0;
+			mas->node = MAS_ROOT;
+			*entry = mas_root(mas);
+			return true;
 		}
-		return NULL;
+		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (mas->last == ULONG_MAX)
-		return NULL;
+	return false;
 
-	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_entry */
-	return mas_next_entry(mas, max);
+none:
+	mas->node = MAS_NONE;
+	return true;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_next);
 
 /**
- * mt_next() - get the next value in the maple tree
- * @mt: The maple tree
- * @index: The start index
- * @max: The maximum index to check
+ * mas_prev() - Get the previous entry
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @min: The minimum value to check.
+ *
+ * Must hold rcu_read_lock or the write lock.
+ * Will reset mas to MAS_START if the node is MAS_NONE.  Will stop on not
+ * searchable nodes.
  *
- * Return: The entry at @index or higher, or %NULL if nothing is found.
+ * Return: the previous value or %NULL.
  */
-void *mt_next(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long max)
+void *mas_prev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 {
 	void *entry = NULL;
-	MA_STATE(mas, mt, index, index);
 
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	entry = mas_next(&mas, max);
-	rcu_read_unlock();
-	return entry;
+	if (mas_prev_setup(mas, min, &entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	return mas_prev_slot(mas, min, false);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_next);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_prev);
 
 /**
- * mas_prev() - Get the previous entry
+ * mas_prev_range() - Advance to the previous range
  * @mas: The maple state
  * @min: The minimum value to check.
  *
+ * Sets @mas->index and @mas->last to the range.
  * Must hold rcu_read_lock or the write lock.
  * Will reset mas to MAS_START if the node is MAS_NONE.  Will stop on not
  * searchable nodes.
  *
  * Return: the previous value or %NULL.
  */
-void *mas_prev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
+void *mas_prev_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 {
-	if (!mas->index) {
-		/* Nothing comes before 0 */
-		mas->last = 0;
-		mas->node = MAS_NONE;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (unlikely(mas_is_ptr(mas)))
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (mas_is_none(mas) || mas_is_paused(mas))
-		mas->node = MAS_START;
-
-	if (mas_is_start(mas)) {
-		mas_walk(mas);
-		if (!mas->index)
-			return NULL;
-	}
+	void *entry = NULL;
 
-	if (mas_is_ptr(mas)) {
-		if (!mas->index) {
-			mas->last = 0;
-			return NULL;
-		}
+	if (mas_prev_setup(mas, min, &entry))
+		return entry;
 
-		mas->index = mas->last = 0;
-		return mas_root_locked(mas);
-	}
-	return mas_prev_entry(mas, min);
+	return mas_prev_slot(mas, min, true);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_prev);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_prev_range);
 
 /**
  * mt_prev() - get the previous value in the maple tree
@@ -6030,7 +5882,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_prev);
  * @index: The start index
  * @min: The minimum index to check
  *
- * Return: The entry at @index or lower, or %NULL if nothing is found.
+ * Takes RCU read lock internally to protect the search, which does not
+ * protect the returned pointer after dropping RCU read lock.
+ * See also: Documentation/core-api/maple_tree.rst
+ *
+ * Return: The entry before @index or %NULL if nothing is found.
  */
 void *mt_prev(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long min)
 {
@@ -6063,6 +5919,64 @@ void mas_pause(struct ma_state *mas)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_pause);
 
+/**
+ * mas_find_setup() - Internal function to set up mas_find*().
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @max: The maximum index
+ * @entry: Pointer to the entry
+ *
+ * Returns: True if entry is the answer, false otherwise.
+ */
+static inline bool mas_find_setup(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max,
+		void **entry)
+{
+	*entry = NULL;
+
+	if (unlikely(mas_is_none(mas))) {
+		if (unlikely(mas->last >= max))
+			return true;
+
+		mas->index = mas->last;
+		mas->node = MAS_START;
+	} else if (unlikely(mas_is_paused(mas))) {
+		if (unlikely(mas->last >= max))
+			return true;
+
+		mas->node = MAS_START;
+		mas->index = ++mas->last;
+	} else if (unlikely(mas_is_ptr(mas)))
+		goto ptr_out_of_range;
+
+	if (unlikely(mas_is_start(mas))) {
+		/* First run or continue */
+		if (mas->index > max)
+			return true;
+
+		*entry = mas_walk(mas);
+		if (*entry)
+			return true;
+
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(!mas_searchable(mas))) {
+		if (unlikely(mas_is_ptr(mas)))
+			goto ptr_out_of_range;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (mas->index == max)
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+
+ptr_out_of_range:
+	mas->node = MAS_NONE;
+	mas->index = 1;
+	mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+	return true;
+}
+
 /**
  * mas_find() - On the first call, find the entry at or after mas->index up to
  * %max.  Otherwise, find the entry after mas->index.
@@ -6077,37 +5991,105 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_pause);
  */
 void *mas_find(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
 {
+	void *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (mas_find_setup(mas, max, &entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_slot */
+	return mas_next_slot(mas, max, false);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find);
+
+/**
+ * mas_find_range() - On the first call, find the entry at or after
+ * mas->index up to %max.  Otherwise, advance to the next slot mas->index.
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @max: The maximum value to check.
+ *
+ * Must hold rcu_read_lock or the write lock.
+ * If an entry exists, last and index are updated accordingly.
+ * May set @mas->node to MAS_NONE.
+ *
+ * Return: The entry or %NULL.
+ */
+void *mas_find_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
+{
+	void *entry;
+
+	if (mas_find_setup(mas, max, &entry))
+		return entry;
+
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_slot */
+	return mas_next_slot(mas, max, true);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find_range);
+
+/**
+ * mas_find_rev_setup() - Internal function to set up mas_find_*_rev()
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @min: The minimum index
+ * @entry: Pointer to the entry
+ *
+ * Returns: True if entry is the answer, false otherwise.
+ */
+static inline bool mas_find_rev_setup(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
+		void **entry)
+{
+	*entry = NULL;
+
+	if (unlikely(mas_is_none(mas))) {
+		if (mas->index <= min)
+			goto none;
+
+		mas->last = mas->index;
+		mas->node = MAS_START;
+	}
+
 	if (unlikely(mas_is_paused(mas))) {
-		if (unlikely(mas->last == ULONG_MAX)) {
+		if (unlikely(mas->index <= min)) {
 			mas->node = MAS_NONE;
-			return NULL;
+			return true;
 		}
 		mas->node = MAS_START;
-		mas->index = ++mas->last;
+		mas->last = --mas->index;
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(mas_is_none(mas)))
-		mas->node = MAS_START;
-
 	if (unlikely(mas_is_start(mas))) {
 		/* First run or continue */
-		void *entry;
+		if (mas->index < min)
+			return true;
 
-		if (mas->index > max)
-			return NULL;
+		*entry = mas_walk(mas);
+		if (*entry)
+			return true;
+	}
 
-		entry = mas_walk(mas);
-		if (entry)
-			return entry;
+	if (unlikely(!mas_searchable(mas))) {
+		if (mas_is_ptr(mas))
+			goto none;
+
+		if (mas_is_none(mas)) {
+			/*
+			 * Walked to the location, and there was nothing so the
+			 * previous location is 0.
+			 */
+			mas->last = mas->index = 0;
+			mas->node = MAS_ROOT;
+			*entry = mas_root(mas);
+			return true;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(!mas_searchable(mas)))
-		return NULL;
+	if (mas->index < min)
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
 
-	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_entry */
-	return mas_next_entry(mas, max);
+none:
+	mas->node = MAS_NONE;
+	return true;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find);
 
 /**
  * mas_find_rev: On the first call, find the first non-null entry at or below
@@ -6124,37 +6106,41 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find);
  */
 void *mas_find_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
 {
-	if (unlikely(mas_is_paused(mas))) {
-		if (unlikely(mas->last == ULONG_MAX)) {
-			mas->node = MAS_NONE;
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		mas->node = MAS_START;
-		mas->last = --mas->index;
-	}
+	void *entry;
 
-	if (unlikely(mas_is_start(mas))) {
-		/* First run or continue */
-		void *entry;
+	if (mas_find_rev_setup(mas, min, &entry))
+		return entry;
 
-		if (mas->index < min)
-			return NULL;
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_prev_slot */
+	return mas_prev_slot(mas, min, false);
 
-		entry = mas_walk(mas);
-		if (entry)
-			return entry;
-	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find_rev);
 
-	if (unlikely(!mas_searchable(mas)))
-		return NULL;
+/**
+ * mas_find_range_rev: On the first call, find the first non-null entry at or
+ * below mas->index down to %min.  Otherwise advance to the previous slot after
+ * mas->index down to %min.
+ * @mas: The maple state
+ * @min: The minimum value to check.
+ *
+ * Must hold rcu_read_lock or the write lock.
+ * If an entry exists, last and index are updated accordingly.
+ * May set @mas->node to MAS_NONE.
+ *
+ * Return: The entry or %NULL.
+ */
+void *mas_find_range_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min)
+{
+	void *entry;
 
-	if (mas->index < min)
-		return NULL;
+	if (mas_find_rev_setup(mas, min, &entry))
+		return entry;
 
-	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_prev_entry */
-	return mas_prev_entry(mas, min);
+	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_prev_slot */
+	return mas_prev_slot(mas, min, true);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find_rev);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find_range_rev);
 
 /**
  * mas_erase() - Find the range in which index resides and erase the entire
@@ -6200,7 +6186,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_erase);
  * Return: true on allocation, false otherwise.
  */
 bool mas_nomem(struct ma_state *mas, gfp_t gfp)
-	__must_hold(mas->tree->lock)
+	__must_hold(mas->tree->ma_lock)
 {
 	if (likely(mas->node != MA_ERROR(-ENOMEM))) {
 		mas_destroy(mas);
@@ -6381,31 +6367,33 @@ int mtree_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *startp,
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	MA_STATE(mas, mt, min, max - size);
+	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
 	if (!mt_is_alloc(mt))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(mt_is_reserved(entry)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (min > max)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (max < size)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (!size)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	mtree_lock(mt);
 retry:
-	mas.offset = 0;
-	mas.index = min;
-	mas.last = max - size;
-	ret = mas_alloc(&mas, entry, size, startp);
+	ret = mas_empty_area(&mas, min, max, size);
+	if (ret)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	mas_insert(&mas, entry);
+	/*
+	 * mas_nomem() may release the lock, causing the allocated area
+	 * to be unavailable, so try to allocate a free area again.
+	 */
 	if (mas_nomem(&mas, gfp))
 		goto retry;
 
+	if (mas_is_err(&mas))
+		ret = xa_err(mas.node);
+	else
+		*startp = mas.index;
+
+unlock:
 	mtree_unlock(mt);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -6417,28 +6405,33 @@ int mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *startp,
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	MA_STATE(mas, mt, min, max - size);
+	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
 	if (!mt_is_alloc(mt))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(mt_is_reserved(entry)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (min >= max)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (max < size - 1)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (!size)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	mtree_lock(mt);
 retry:
-	ret = mas_rev_alloc(&mas, min, max, entry, size, startp);
+	ret = mas_empty_area_rev(&mas, min, max, size);
+	if (ret)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	mas_insert(&mas, entry);
+	/*
+	 * mas_nomem() may release the lock, causing the allocated area
+	 * to be unavailable, so try to allocate a free area again.
+	 */
 	if (mas_nomem(&mas, gfp))
 		goto retry;
 
+	if (mas_is_err(&mas))
+		ret = xa_err(mas.node);
+	else
+		*startp = mas.index;
+
+unlock:
 	mtree_unlock(mt);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -6505,9 +6498,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(mtree_destroy);
  * mt_find() - Search from the start up until an entry is found.
  * @mt: The maple tree
  * @index: Pointer which contains the start location of the search
- * @max: The maximum value to check
+ * @max: The maximum value of the search range
+ *
+ * Takes RCU read lock internally to protect the search, which does not
+ * protect the returned pointer after dropping RCU read lock.
+ * See also: Documentation/core-api/maple_tree.rst
  *
- * Handles locking.  @index will be incremented to one beyond the range.
+ * In case that an entry is found @index is updated to point to the next
+ * possible entry independent whether the found entry is occupying a
+ * single index or a range if indices.
  *
  * Return: The entry at or after the @index or %NULL
  */
@@ -6536,7 +6535,7 @@ void *mt_find(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *index, unsigned long max)
 	if (entry)
 		goto unlock;
 
-	while (mas_searchable(&mas) && (mas.index < max)) {
+	while (mas_searchable(&mas) && (mas.last < max)) {
 		entry = mas_next_entry(&mas, max);
 		if (likely(entry && !xa_is_zero(entry)))
 			break;
@@ -6549,10 +6548,9 @@ void *mt_find(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *index, unsigned long max)
 	if (likely(entry)) {
 		*index = mas.last + 1;
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
-		if ((*index) && (*index) <= copy)
+		if (MT_WARN_ON(mt, (*index) && ((*index) <= copy)))
 			pr_err("index not increased! %lx <= %lx\n",
 			       *index, copy);
-		MT_BUG_ON(mt, (*index) && ((*index) <= copy));
 #endif
 	}
 
@@ -6566,7 +6564,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(mt_find);
  * @index: Pointer which contains the start location of the search
  * @max: The maximum value to check
  *
- * Handles locking, detects wrapping on index == 0
+ * Same as mt_find() except that it checks @index for 0 before
+ * searching. If @index == 0, the search is aborted. This covers a wrap
+ * around of @index to 0 in an iterator loop.
  *
  * Return: The entry at or after the @index or %NULL
  */
@@ -6698,7 +6698,7 @@ static inline void *mas_first_entry(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *mn,
 	max = mas->max;
 	mas->offset = 0;
 	while (likely(!ma_is_leaf(mt))) {
-		MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, mte_dead_node(mas->node));
+		MAS_WARN_ON(mas, mte_dead_node(mas->node));
 		slots = ma_slots(mn, mt);
 		entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, 0);
 		pivots = ma_pivots(mn, mt);
@@ -6709,7 +6709,7 @@ static inline void *mas_first_entry(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_node *mn,
 		mn = mas_mn(mas);
 		mt = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 	}
-	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, mte_dead_node(mas->node));
+	MAS_WARN_ON(mas, mte_dead_node(mas->node));
 
 	mas->max = max;
 	slots = ma_slots(mn, mt);
@@ -6759,15 +6759,12 @@ static void mas_dfs_postorder(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
 
 	mas->node = mn;
 	mas_ascend(mas);
-	while (mas->node != MAS_NONE) {
+	do {
 		p = mas->node;
 		p_min = mas->min;
 		p_max = mas->max;
 		mas_prev_node(mas, 0);
-	}
-
-	if (p == MAS_NONE)
-		return;
+	} while (!mas_is_none(mas));
 
 	mas->node = p;
 	mas->max = p_max;
@@ -6776,22 +6773,33 @@ static void mas_dfs_postorder(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
 
 /* Tree validations */
 static void mt_dump_node(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
-		unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth);
+		unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth,
+		enum mt_dump_format format);
 static void mt_dump_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max,
-			  unsigned int depth)
+			  unsigned int depth, enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
 	static const char spaces[] = "                                ";
 
-	if (min == max)
-		pr_info("%.*s%lu: ", depth * 2, spaces, min);
-	else
-		pr_info("%.*s%lu-%lu: ", depth * 2, spaces, min, max);
+	switch(format) {
+	case mt_dump_hex:
+		if (min == max)
+			pr_info("%.*s%lx: ", depth * 2, spaces, min);
+		else
+			pr_info("%.*s%lx-%lx: ", depth * 2, spaces, min, max);
+		break;
+	default:
+	case mt_dump_dec:
+		if (min == max)
+			pr_info("%.*s%lu: ", depth * 2, spaces, min);
+		else
+			pr_info("%.*s%lu-%lu: ", depth * 2, spaces, min, max);
+	}
 }
 
 static void mt_dump_entry(void *entry, unsigned long min, unsigned long max,
-			  unsigned int depth)
+			  unsigned int depth, enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
-	mt_dump_range(min, max, depth);
+	mt_dump_range(min, max, depth, format);
 
 	if (xa_is_value(entry))
 		pr_cont("value %ld (0x%lx) [%p]\n", xa_to_value(entry),
@@ -6805,7 +6813,8 @@ static void mt_dump_entry(void *entry, unsigned long min, unsigned long max,
 }
 
 static void mt_dump_range64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
-			unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth)
+		unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth,
+		enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
 	struct maple_range_64 *node = &mte_to_node(entry)->mr64;
 	bool leaf = mte_is_leaf(entry);
@@ -6813,8 +6822,16 @@ static void mt_dump_range64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 	int i;
 
 	pr_cont(" contents: ");
-	for (i = 0; i < MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS - 1; i++)
-		pr_cont("%p %lu ", node->slot[i], node->pivot[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS - 1; i++) {
+		switch(format) {
+		case mt_dump_hex:
+			pr_cont("%p %lX ", node->slot[i], node->pivot[i]);
+			break;
+		default:
+		case mt_dump_dec:
+			pr_cont("%p %lu ", node->slot[i], node->pivot[i]);
+		}
+	}
 	pr_cont("%p\n", node->slot[i]);
 	for (i = 0; i < MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS; i++) {
 		unsigned long last = max;
@@ -6827,24 +6844,32 @@ static void mt_dump_range64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 			break;
 		if (leaf)
 			mt_dump_entry(mt_slot(mt, node->slot, i),
-					first, last, depth + 1);
+					first, last, depth + 1, format);
 		else if (node->slot[i])
 			mt_dump_node(mt, mt_slot(mt, node->slot, i),
-					first, last, depth + 1);
+					first, last, depth + 1, format);
 
 		if (last == max)
 			break;
 		if (last > max) {
-			pr_err("node %p last (%lu) > max (%lu) at pivot %d!\n",
+			switch(format) {
+			case mt_dump_hex:
+				pr_err("node %p last (%lx) > max (%lx) at pivot %d!\n",
 					node, last, max, i);
-			break;
+				break;
+			default:
+			case mt_dump_dec:
+				pr_err("node %p last (%lu) > max (%lu) at pivot %d!\n",
+					node, last, max, i);
+			}
 		}
 		first = last + 1;
 	}
 }
 
 static void mt_dump_arange64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
-			unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth)
+	unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth,
+	enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
 	struct maple_arange_64 *node = &mte_to_node(entry)->ma64;
 	bool leaf = mte_is_leaf(entry);
@@ -6869,10 +6894,10 @@ static void mt_dump_arange64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 			break;
 		if (leaf)
 			mt_dump_entry(mt_slot(mt, node->slot, i),
-					first, last, depth + 1);
+					first, last, depth + 1, format);
 		else if (node->slot[i])
 			mt_dump_node(mt, mt_slot(mt, node->slot, i),
-					first, last, depth + 1);
+					first, last, depth + 1, format);
 
 		if (last == max)
 			break;
@@ -6886,13 +6911,14 @@ static void mt_dump_arange64(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 }
 
 static void mt_dump_node(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
-		unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth)
+		unsigned long min, unsigned long max, unsigned int depth,
+		enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
 	struct maple_node *node = mte_to_node(entry);
 	unsigned int type = mte_node_type(entry);
 	unsigned int i;
 
-	mt_dump_range(min, max, depth);
+	mt_dump_range(min, max, depth, format);
 
 	pr_cont("node %p depth %d type %d parent %p", node, depth, type,
 			node ? node->parent : NULL);
@@ -6903,15 +6929,15 @@ static void mt_dump_node(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 			if (min + i > max)
 				pr_cont("OUT OF RANGE: ");
 			mt_dump_entry(mt_slot(mt, node->slot, i),
-					min + i, min + i, depth);
+					min + i, min + i, depth, format);
 		}
 		break;
 	case maple_leaf_64:
 	case maple_range_64:
-		mt_dump_range64(mt, entry, min, max, depth);
+		mt_dump_range64(mt, entry, min, max, depth, format);
 		break;
 	case maple_arange_64:
-		mt_dump_arange64(mt, entry, min, max, depth);
+		mt_dump_arange64(mt, entry, min, max, depth, format);
 		break;
 
 	default:
@@ -6919,16 +6945,16 @@ static void mt_dump_node(const struct maple_tree *mt, void *entry,
 	}
 }
 
-void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt)
+void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt, enum mt_dump_format format)
 {
 	void *entry = rcu_dereference_check(mt->ma_root, mt_locked(mt));
 
 	pr_info("maple_tree(%p) flags %X, height %u root %p\n",
 		 mt, mt->ma_flags, mt_height(mt), entry);
 	if (!xa_is_node(entry))
-		mt_dump_entry(entry, 0, 0, 0);
+		mt_dump_entry(entry, 0, 0, 0, format);
 	else if (entry)
-		mt_dump_node(mt, entry, 0, mt_node_max(entry), 0);
+		mt_dump_node(mt, entry, 0, mt_node_max(entry), 0, format);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_dump);
 
@@ -6981,7 +7007,7 @@ static void mas_validate_gaps(struct ma_state *mas)
 						mas_mn(mas), i,
 						mas_get_slot(mas, i), gap,
 						p_end, p_start);
-					mt_dump(mas->tree);
+					mt_dump(mas->tree, mt_dump_hex);
 
 					MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree,
 						gap != p_end - p_start + 1);
@@ -7012,27 +7038,29 @@ static void mas_validate_gaps(struct ma_state *mas)
 	p_slot = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
 	p_mn = mte_parent(mte);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, max_gap > mas->max);
-	if (ma_gaps(p_mn, mas_parent_enum(mas, mte))[p_slot] != max_gap) {
+	if (ma_gaps(p_mn, mas_parent_type(mas, mte))[p_slot] != max_gap) {
 		pr_err("gap %p[%u] != %lu\n", p_mn, p_slot, max_gap);
-		mt_dump(mas->tree);
+		mt_dump(mas->tree, mt_dump_hex);
 	}
 
 	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree,
-		  ma_gaps(p_mn, mas_parent_enum(mas, mte))[p_slot] != max_gap);
+		  ma_gaps(p_mn, mas_parent_type(mas, mte))[p_slot] != max_gap);
 }
 
 static void mas_validate_parent_slot(struct ma_state *mas)
 {
 	struct maple_node *parent;
 	struct maple_enode *node;
-	enum maple_type p_type = mas_parent_enum(mas, mas->node);
-	unsigned char p_slot = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
+	enum maple_type p_type;
+	unsigned char p_slot;
 	void __rcu **slots;
 	int i;
 
 	if (mte_is_root(mas->node))
 		return;
 
+	p_slot = mte_parent_slot(mas->node);
+	p_type = mas_parent_type(mas, mas->node);
 	parent = mte_parent(mas->node);
 	slots = ma_slots(parent, p_type);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, mas_mn(mas) == parent);
@@ -7125,18 +7153,18 @@ static void mas_validate_limits(struct ma_state *mas)
 		if (prev_piv > piv) {
 			pr_err("%p[%u] piv %lu < prev_piv %lu\n",
 				mas_mn(mas), i, piv, prev_piv);
-			MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, piv < prev_piv);
+			MAS_WARN_ON(mas, piv < prev_piv);
 		}
 
 		if (piv < mas->min) {
 			pr_err("%p[%u] %lu < %lu\n", mas_mn(mas), i,
 				piv, mas->min);
-			MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, piv < mas->min);
+			MAS_WARN_ON(mas, piv < mas->min);
 		}
 		if (piv > mas->max) {
 			pr_err("%p[%u] %lu > %lu\n", mas_mn(mas), i,
 				piv, mas->max);
-			MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, piv > mas->max);
+			MAS_WARN_ON(mas, piv > mas->max);
 		}
 		prev_piv = piv;
 		if (piv == mas->max)
@@ -7159,7 +7187,7 @@ static void mas_validate_limits(struct ma_state *mas)
 
 			pr_err("%p[%u] should not have piv %lu\n",
 			       mas_mn(mas), i, piv);
-			MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, i < mt_pivots[type] - 1);
+			MAS_WARN_ON(mas, i < mt_pivots[type] - 1);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -7218,16 +7246,15 @@ void mt_validate(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 	mas_first_entry(&mas, mas_mn(&mas), ULONG_MAX, mte_node_type(mas.node));
 	while (!mas_is_none(&mas)) {
-		MT_BUG_ON(mas.tree, mte_dead_node(mas.node));
+		MAS_WARN_ON(&mas, mte_dead_node(mas.node));
 		if (!mte_is_root(mas.node)) {
 			end = mas_data_end(&mas);
-			if ((end < mt_min_slot_count(mas.node)) &&
-			    (mas.max != ULONG_MAX)) {
+			if (MAS_WARN_ON(&mas,
+					(end < mt_min_slot_count(mas.node)) &&
+					(mas.max != ULONG_MAX))) {
 				pr_err("Invalid size %u of %p\n", end,
-				mas_mn(&mas));
-				MT_BUG_ON(mas.tree, 1);
+				       mas_mn(&mas));
 			}
-
 		}
 		mas_validate_parent_slot(&mas);
 		mas_validate_child_slot(&mas);
@@ -7243,4 +7270,34 @@ void mt_validate(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_validate);
 
+void mas_dump(const struct ma_state *mas)
+{
+	pr_err("MAS: tree=%p enode=%p ", mas->tree, mas->node);
+	if (mas_is_none(mas))
+		pr_err("(MAS_NONE) ");
+	else if (mas_is_ptr(mas))
+		pr_err("(MAS_ROOT) ");
+	else if (mas_is_start(mas))
+		 pr_err("(MAS_START) ");
+	else if (mas_is_paused(mas))
+		pr_err("(MAS_PAUSED) ");
+
+	pr_err("[%u] index=%lx last=%lx\n", mas->offset, mas->index, mas->last);
+	pr_err("     min=%lx max=%lx alloc=%p, depth=%u, flags=%x\n",
+	       mas->min, mas->max, mas->alloc, mas->depth, mas->mas_flags);
+	if (mas->index > mas->last)
+		pr_err("Check index & last\n");
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_dump);
+
+void mas_wr_dump(const struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
+{
+	pr_err("WR_MAS: node=%p r_min=%lx r_max=%lx\n",
+	       wr_mas->node, wr_mas->r_min, wr_mas->r_max);
+	pr_err("        type=%u off_end=%u, node_end=%u, end_piv=%lx\n",
+	       wr_mas->type, wr_mas->offset_end, wr_mas->node_end,
+	       wr_mas->end_piv);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_wr_dump);
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE */
diff --git a/lib/test_maple_tree.c b/lib/test_maple_tree.c
index f1db33327..9f60e0c4c 100644
--- a/lib/test_maple_tree.c
+++ b/lib/test_maple_tree.c
@@ -11,12 +11,33 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 #define MTREE_ALLOC_MAX 0x2000000000000Ul
-#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
-#define CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
-#endif
 #define CONFIG_MAPLE_SEARCH
 #define MAPLE_32BIT (MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS > 31)
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
+#define mt_dump(mt, fmt)		do {} while (0)
+#define mt_validate(mt)			do {} while (0)
+#define mt_cache_shrink()		do {} while (0)
+#define mas_dump(mas)			do {} while (0)
+#define mas_wr_dump(mas)		do {} while (0)
+atomic_t maple_tree_tests_run;
+atomic_t maple_tree_tests_passed;
+#undef MT_BUG_ON
+
+#define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x) do {					\
+	atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run);				\
+	if (__x) {							\
+		pr_info("BUG at %s:%d (%u)\n",				\
+		__func__, __LINE__, __x);				\
+		pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n",				\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed),		\
+			atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run));		\
+	} else {							\
+		atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed);			\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+#endif
+
 /* #define BENCH_SLOT_STORE */
 /* #define BENCH_NODE_STORE */
 /* #define BENCH_AWALK */
@@ -30,54 +51,54 @@
 #else
 #define cond_resched()			do {} while (0)
 #endif
-static
-int mtree_insert_index(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, gfp_t gfp)
+static int __init mtree_insert_index(struct maple_tree *mt,
+				     unsigned long index, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	return mtree_insert(mt, index, xa_mk_value(index & LONG_MAX), gfp);
 }
 
-static void mtree_erase_index(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
+static void __init mtree_erase_index(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
 {
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mtree_erase(mt, index) != xa_mk_value(index & LONG_MAX));
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mtree_load(mt, index) != NULL);
 }
 
-static int mtree_test_insert(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
+static int __init mtree_test_insert(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
 				void *ptr)
 {
 	return mtree_insert(mt, index, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 
-static int mtree_test_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long start,
-				unsigned long end, void *ptr)
+static int __init mtree_test_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
+			unsigned long start, unsigned long end, void *ptr)
 {
 	return mtree_store_range(mt, start, end, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 
-static int mtree_test_store(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long start,
+static int __init mtree_test_store(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long start,
 				void *ptr)
 {
 	return mtree_test_store_range(mt, start, start, ptr);
 }
 
-static int mtree_test_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long start,
-				unsigned long end, void *ptr)
+static int __init mtree_test_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
+			unsigned long start, unsigned long end, void *ptr)
 {
 	return mtree_insert_range(mt, start, end, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 
-static void *mtree_test_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
+static void __init *mtree_test_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
 {
 	return mtree_load(mt, index);
 }
 
-static void *mtree_test_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
+static void __init *mtree_test_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
 {
 	return mtree_erase(mt, index);
 }
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
-static noinline void check_mtree_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_mtree_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned long size,
 		unsigned long expected, int eret, void *ptr)
 {
@@ -94,7 +115,7 @@ static noinline void check_mtree_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, result != expected);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned long size,
 		unsigned long expected, int eret, void *ptr)
 {
@@ -102,7 +123,7 @@ static noinline void check_mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt,
 	unsigned long result = expected + 1;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = mtree_alloc_rrange(mt, &result, ptr, size, start, end - 1,
+	ret = mtree_alloc_rrange(mt, &result, ptr, size, start, end,
 			GFP_KERNEL);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, ret != eret);
 	if (ret)
@@ -112,8 +133,8 @@ static noinline void check_mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt,
 }
 #endif
 
-static noinline void check_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
-				void *ptr)
+static noinline void __init check_load(struct maple_tree *mt,
+				       unsigned long index, void *ptr)
 {
 	void *ret = mtree_test_load(mt, index);
 
@@ -122,7 +143,7 @@ static noinline void check_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, ret != ptr);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, void *ptr, int expected)
 {
 	int ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -138,7 +159,7 @@ static noinline void check_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		check_load(mt, i, ptr);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, void *ptr, int expected)
 {
 	int ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -154,8 +175,8 @@ static noinline void check_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		check_load(mt, i, ptr);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_insert(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
-		void *ptr)
+static noinline void __init check_insert(struct maple_tree *mt,
+					 unsigned long index, void *ptr)
 {
 	int ret = -EINVAL;
 
@@ -163,7 +184,7 @@ static noinline void check_insert(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, ret != 0);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_dup_insert(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_dup_insert(struct maple_tree *mt,
 				      unsigned long index, void *ptr)
 {
 	int ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -173,13 +194,13 @@ static noinline void check_dup_insert(struct maple_tree *mt,
 }
 
 
-static noinline
-void check_index_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index)
+static noinline void __init check_index_load(struct maple_tree *mt,
+					     unsigned long index)
 {
 	return check_load(mt, index, xa_mk_value(index & LONG_MAX));
 }
 
-static inline int not_empty(struct maple_node *node)
+static inline __init int not_empty(struct maple_node *node)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -194,8 +215,8 @@ static inline int not_empty(struct maple_node *node)
 }
 
 
-static noinline void check_rev_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
-		bool verbose)
+static noinline void __init check_rev_seq(struct maple_tree *mt,
+					  unsigned long max, bool verbose)
 {
 	unsigned long i = max, j;
 
@@ -219,7 +240,7 @@ static noinline void check_rev_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
 #ifndef __KERNEL__
 	if (verbose) {
 		rcu_barrier();
-		mt_dump(mt);
+		mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_dec);
 		pr_info(" %s test of 0-%lu %luK in %d active (%d total)\n",
 			__func__, max, mt_get_alloc_size()/1024, mt_nr_allocated(),
 			mt_nr_tallocated());
@@ -227,7 +248,7 @@ static noinline void check_rev_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
 #endif
 }
 
-static noinline void check_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
+static noinline void __init check_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
 		bool verbose)
 {
 	unsigned long i, j;
@@ -248,7 +269,7 @@ static noinline void check_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
 #ifndef __KERNEL__
 	if (verbose) {
 		rcu_barrier();
-		mt_dump(mt);
+		mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_dec);
 		pr_info(" seq test of 0-%lu %luK in %d active (%d total)\n",
 			max, mt_get_alloc_size()/1024, mt_nr_allocated(),
 			mt_nr_tallocated());
@@ -256,7 +277,7 @@ static noinline void check_seq(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long max,
 #endif
 }
 
-static noinline void check_lb_not_empty(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_lb_not_empty(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, j;
 	unsigned long huge = 4000UL * 1000 * 1000;
@@ -275,13 +296,13 @@ static noinline void check_lb_not_empty(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_lower_bound_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_lower_bound_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mtree_empty(mt));
 	check_lb_not_empty(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_upper_bound_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_upper_bound_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, j;
 	unsigned long huge;
@@ -306,7 +327,7 @@ static noinline void check_upper_bound_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_mid_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_mid_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long huge = 8000UL * 1000 * 1000;
 
@@ -315,7 +336,7 @@ static noinline void check_mid_split(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	check_lb_not_empty(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_rev_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_rev_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, nr_entries = 200;
 	void *val;
@@ -354,7 +375,7 @@ static noinline void check_rev_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
-static noinline void check_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long val = 0;
 	unsigned long count;
@@ -571,7 +592,7 @@ static noinline void check_find(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_find_2(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_find_2(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, j;
 	void *entry;
@@ -616,7 +637,7 @@ static noinline void check_find_2(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
-static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Generated by:
@@ -624,7 +645,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	 * awk -F "-" '{printf "0x%s, 0x%s, ", $1, $2}'
 	 */
 
-	unsigned long range[] = {
+	static const unsigned long range[] = {
 	/*      Inclusive     , Exclusive. */
 		0x565234af2000, 0x565234af4000,
 		0x565234af4000, 0x565234af9000,
@@ -652,7 +673,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		0x7fff58791000, 0x7fff58793000,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long holes[] = {
+	static const unsigned long holes[] = {
 		/*
 		 * Note: start of hole is INCLUSIVE
 		 *        end of hole is EXCLUSIVE
@@ -672,7 +693,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	 * 4. number that should be returned.
 	 * 5. return value
 	 */
-	unsigned long req_range[] = {
+	static const unsigned long req_range[] = {
 		0x565234af9000, /* Min */
 		0x7fff58791000, /* Max */
 		0x1000,         /* Size */
@@ -680,7 +701,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		0,              /* Return value success. */
 
 		0x0,            /* Min */
-		0x565234AF1 << 12,    /* Max */
+		0x565234AF0 << 12,    /* Max */
 		0x3000,         /* Size */
 		0x565234AEE << 12,  /* max - 3. */
 		0,              /* Return value success. */
@@ -692,14 +713,14 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		0,              /* Return value success. */
 
 		0x0,            /* Min */
-		0x7F36D510A << 12,    /* Max */
+		0x7F36D5109 << 12,    /* Max */
 		0x4000,         /* Size */
 		0x7F36D5106 << 12,    /* First rev hole of size 0x4000 */
 		0,              /* Return value success. */
 
 		/* Ascend test. */
 		0x0,
-		34148798629 << 12,
+		34148798628 << 12,
 		19 << 12,
 		34148797418 << 12,
 		0x0,
@@ -711,6 +732,12 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		0x0,
 		-EBUSY,
 
+		/* Single space test. */
+		34148798725 << 12,
+		34148798725 << 12,
+		1 << 12,
+		34148798725 << 12,
+		0,
 	};
 
 	int i, range_count = ARRAY_SIZE(range);
@@ -759,9 +786,9 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mas_unlock(&mas);
 	for (i = 0; i < req_range_count; i += 5) {
 #if DEBUG_REV_RANGE
-		pr_debug("\tReverse request between %lu-%lu size %lu, should get %lu\n",
-				req_range[i] >> 12,
-				(req_range[i + 1] >> 12) - 1,
+		pr_debug("\tReverse request %d between %lu-%lu size %lu, should get %lu\n",
+				i, req_range[i] >> 12,
+				(req_range[i + 1] >> 12),
 				req_range[i+2] >> 12,
 				req_range[i+3] >> 12);
 #endif
@@ -777,13 +804,14 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_rev_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 	mt_set_non_kernel(1);
 	mtree_erase(mt, 34148798727); /* create a deleted range. */
+	mtree_erase(mt, 34148798725);
 	check_mtree_alloc_rrange(mt, 0, 34359052173, 210253414,
 			34148798725, 0, mt);
 
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Generated by:
@@ -791,7 +819,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	 * awk -F "-" '{printf "0x%s, 0x%s, ", $1, $2}'
 	 */
 
-	unsigned long range[] = {
+	static const unsigned long range[] = {
 	/*      Inclusive     , Exclusive. */
 		0x565234af2000, 0x565234af4000,
 		0x565234af4000, 0x565234af9000,
@@ -818,7 +846,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		0x7fff5878e000, 0x7fff58791000,
 		0x7fff58791000, 0x7fff58793000,
 	};
-	unsigned long holes[] = {
+	static const unsigned long holes[] = {
 		/* Start of hole, end of hole,  size of hole (+1) */
 		0x565234afb000, 0x565234afc000, 0x1000,
 		0x565234afe000, 0x565235def000, 0x12F1000,
@@ -833,7 +861,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	 * 4. number that should be returned.
 	 * 5. return value
 	 */
-	unsigned long req_range[] = {
+	static const unsigned long req_range[] = {
 		0x565234af9000, /* Min */
 		0x7fff58791000, /* Max */
 		0x1000,         /* Size */
@@ -880,6 +908,13 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		4503599618982063UL << 12,  /* Size */
 		34359052178 << 12,  /* Expected location */
 		-EBUSY,             /* Return failure. */
+
+		/* Test a single entry */
+		34148798648 << 12,		/* Min */
+		34148798648 << 12,		/* Max */
+		4096,			/* Size of 1 */
+		34148798648 << 12,	/* Location is the same as min/max */
+		0,			/* Success */
 	};
 	int i, range_count = ARRAY_SIZE(range);
 	int req_range_count = ARRAY_SIZE(req_range);
@@ -893,7 +928,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 #if DEBUG_ALLOC_RANGE
 		pr_debug("\tInsert %lu-%lu\n", range[i] >> 12,
 			 (range[i + 1] >> 12) - 1);
-		mt_dump(mt);
+		mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_hex);
 #endif
 		check_insert_range(mt, range[i] >> 12, (range[i + 1] >> 12) - 1,
 				xa_mk_value(range[i] >> 12), 0);
@@ -934,7 +969,7 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 				xa_mk_value(req_range[i] >> 12)); /* pointer */
 		mt_validate(mt);
 #if DEBUG_ALLOC_RANGE
-		mt_dump(mt);
+		mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_hex);
 #endif
 	}
 
@@ -942,10 +977,10 @@ static noinline void check_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 #endif
 
-static noinline void check_ranges(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_ranges(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, val, val2;
-	unsigned long r[] = {
+	static const unsigned long r[] = {
 		10, 15,
 		20, 25,
 		17, 22, /* Overlaps previous range. */
@@ -1122,6 +1157,71 @@ static noinline void check_ranges(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mt_height(mt));
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 
+	/* Check in-place modifications */
+	mt_init_flags(mt, MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE);
+	/* Append to the start of last range */
+	mt_set_non_kernel(50);
+	for (i = 0; i <= 500; i++) {
+		val = i * 5 + 1;
+		val2 = val + 4;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Append to the last range without touching any boundaries */
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+		val = val2 + 5;
+		val2 = val + 4;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Append to the end of last range */
+	val = val2;
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+		val += 5;
+		MT_BUG_ON(mt, mtree_test_store_range(mt, val, ULONG_MAX,
+						     xa_mk_value(val)) != 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Overwriting the range and over a part of the next range */
+	for (i = 10; i < 30; i += 2) {
+		val = i * 5 + 1;
+		val2 = val + 5;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Overwriting a part of the range and over the next range */
+	for (i = 50; i < 70; i += 2) {
+		val2 = i * 5;
+		val = val2 - 5;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand the range, only partially overwriting the previous and
+	 * next ranges
+	 */
+	for (i = 100; i < 130; i += 3) {
+		val = i * 5 - 5;
+		val2 = i * 5 + 1;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand the range, only partially overwriting the previous and
+	 * next ranges, in RCU mode
+	 */
+	mt_set_in_rcu(mt);
+	for (i = 150; i < 180; i += 3) {
+		val = i * 5 - 5;
+		val2 = i * 5 + 1;
+		check_store_range(mt, val, val2, xa_mk_value(val), 0);
+	}
+
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mt_height(mt));
+	mt_validate(mt);
+	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
+	mtree_destroy(mt);
+
 	/* Test rebalance gaps */
 	mt_init_flags(mt, MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE);
 	mt_set_non_kernel(50);
@@ -1210,7 +1310,7 @@ static noinline void check_ranges(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		MT_BUG_ON(mt, mt_height(mt) != 4);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_next_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_next_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	void *entry = NULL;
 	unsigned long limit = 30, i = 0;
@@ -1234,7 +1334,7 @@ static noinline void check_next_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_prev_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_prev_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long index = 16;
 	void *value;
@@ -1278,7 +1378,7 @@ static noinline void check_prev_entry(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mas_unlock(&mas);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_root_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_root_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
 	void *ptr;
@@ -1287,6 +1387,7 @@ static noinline void check_root_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mas_lock(&mas);
 	mas_set(&mas, 3);
 	ptr = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, ptr != NULL);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
@@ -1356,7 +1457,7 @@ static noinline void check_root_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mas_store_gfp(&mas, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
 	ptr = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, ptr != NULL);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mt, (mas.index != 1) && (mas.last != ULONG_MAX));
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, (mas.index != ULONG_MAX) && (mas.last != ULONG_MAX));
 
 	mas_set(&mas, 1);
 	ptr = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
@@ -1367,13 +1468,13 @@ static noinline void check_root_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mas_unlock(&mas);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_gap_combining(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_gap_combining(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	struct maple_enode *mn1, *mn2;
 	void *entry;
 	unsigned long singletons = 100;
-	unsigned long *seq100;
-	unsigned long seq100_64[] = {
+	static const unsigned long *seq100;
+	static const unsigned long seq100_64[] = {
 		/* 0-5 */
 		74, 75, 76,
 		50, 100, 2,
@@ -1387,7 +1488,7 @@ static noinline void check_gap_combining(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		76, 2, 79, 85, 4,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long seq100_32[] = {
+	static const unsigned long seq100_32[] = {
 		/* 0-5 */
 		61, 62, 63,
 		50, 100, 2,
@@ -1401,11 +1502,11 @@ static noinline void check_gap_combining(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		76, 2, 79, 85, 4,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long seq2000[] = {
+	static const unsigned long seq2000[] = {
 		1152, 1151,
 		1100, 1200, 2,
 	};
-	unsigned long seq400[] = {
+	static const unsigned long seq400[] = {
 		286, 318,
 		256, 260, 266, 270, 275, 280, 290, 398,
 		286, 310,
@@ -1564,7 +1665,7 @@ static noinline void check_gap_combining(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
-static noinline void check_node_overwrite(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_node_overwrite(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, max = 4000;
 
@@ -1572,12 +1673,12 @@ static noinline void check_node_overwrite(struct maple_tree *mt)
 		mtree_test_store_range(mt, i*100, i*100 + 50, xa_mk_value(i*100));
 
 	mtree_test_store_range(mt, 319951, 367950, NULL);
-	/*mt_dump(mt); */
+	/*mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_dec); */
 	mt_validate(mt);
 }
 
 #if defined(BENCH_SLOT_STORE)
-static noinline void bench_slot_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_slot_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, brk = 105, max = 1040, brk_start = 100, count = 20000000;
 
@@ -1593,7 +1694,7 @@ static noinline void bench_slot_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(BENCH_NODE_STORE)
-static noinline void bench_node_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_node_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, overwrite = 76, max = 240, count = 20000000;
 
@@ -1612,7 +1713,7 @@ static noinline void bench_node_store(struct maple_tree *mt)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(BENCH_AWALK)
-static noinline void bench_awalk(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_awalk(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, max = 2500, count = 50000000;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 1470, 1470);
@@ -1629,7 +1730,7 @@ static noinline void bench_awalk(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 #endif
 #if defined(BENCH_WALK)
-static noinline void bench_walk(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_walk(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, max = 2500, count = 550000000;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 1470, 1470);
@@ -1646,7 +1747,7 @@ static noinline void bench_walk(struct maple_tree *mt)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(BENCH_MT_FOR_EACH)
-static noinline void bench_mt_for_each(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_mt_for_each(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, count = 1000000;
 	unsigned long max = 2500, index = 0;
@@ -1670,7 +1771,7 @@ static noinline void bench_mt_for_each(struct maple_tree *mt)
 #endif
 
 /* check_forking - simulate the kernel forking sequence with the tree. */
-static noinline void check_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 
 	struct maple_tree newmt;
@@ -1709,7 +1810,7 @@ static noinline void check_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(&newmt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_iteration(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_iteration(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, nr_entries = 125;
 	void *val;
@@ -1765,7 +1866,6 @@ static noinline void check_iteration(struct maple_tree *mt)
 			mas.index = 760;
 			mas.last = 765;
 			mas_store(&mas, val);
-			mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
 		}
 		i++;
 	}
@@ -1777,7 +1877,7 @@ static noinline void check_iteration(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_mas_store_gfp(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_mas_store_gfp(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 
 	struct maple_tree newmt;
@@ -1810,7 +1910,7 @@ static noinline void check_mas_store_gfp(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 
 #if defined(BENCH_FORK)
-static noinline void bench_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init bench_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 
 	struct maple_tree newmt;
@@ -1852,15 +1952,17 @@ static noinline void bench_forking(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 #endif
 
-static noinline void next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i, nr_entries;
 	void *val;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
 	struct maple_enode *mn;
-	unsigned long *level2;
-	unsigned long level2_64[] = {707, 1000, 710, 715, 720, 725};
-	unsigned long level2_32[] = {1747, 2000, 1750, 1755, 1760, 1765};
+	static const unsigned long *level2;
+	static const unsigned long level2_64[] = { 707, 1000, 710, 715, 720,
+						   725};
+	static const unsigned long level2_32[] = { 1747, 2000, 1750, 1755,
+						   1760, 1765};
 
 	if (MAPLE_32BIT) {
 		nr_entries = 500;
@@ -1974,7 +2076,7 @@ static noinline void next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 	val = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, val != NULL);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x7d6);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
 
 	val = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
@@ -1998,7 +2100,8 @@ static noinline void next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	val = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, val != NULL);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 5);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
 
 	mas.index = 0;
 	mas.last = 5;
@@ -2010,7 +2113,7 @@ static noinline void next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	val = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, val != NULL);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 9);
 	mas_unlock(&mas);
 
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
@@ -2028,7 +2131,7 @@ static noinline void next_prev_test(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 
 /* Test spanning writes that require balancing right sibling or right cousin */
-static noinline void check_spanning_relatives(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_spanning_relatives(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 
 	unsigned long i, nr_entries = 1000;
@@ -2041,7 +2144,7 @@ static noinline void check_spanning_relatives(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_store_range(mt, 9365, 9955, NULL, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_fuzzer(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_fuzzer(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	/*
 	 * 1. Causes a spanning rebalance of a single root node.
@@ -2438,7 +2541,7 @@ static noinline void check_fuzzer(struct maple_tree *mt)
 }
 
 /* duplicate the tree with a specific gap */
-static noinline void check_dup_gaps(struct maple_tree *mt,
+static noinline void __init check_dup_gaps(struct maple_tree *mt,
 				    unsigned long nr_entries, bool zero_start,
 				    unsigned long gap)
 {
@@ -2478,7 +2581,7 @@ static noinline void check_dup_gaps(struct maple_tree *mt,
 }
 
 /* Duplicate many sizes of trees.  Mainly to test expected entry values */
-static noinline void check_dup(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_dup(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i;
 	int big_start = 100010;
@@ -2566,7 +2669,7 @@ static noinline void check_dup(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	}
 }
 
-static noinline void check_bnode_min_spanning(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_bnode_min_spanning(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	int i = 50;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
@@ -2585,7 +2688,7 @@ static noinline void check_bnode_min_spanning(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_empty_area_window(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_empty_area_window(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, nr_entries = 20;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
@@ -2660,7 +2763,7 @@ static noinline void check_empty_area_window(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas_empty_area(&mas, 5, 100, 6) != -EBUSY);
 
 	mas_reset(&mas);
-	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas_empty_area(&mas, 0, 8, 10) != -EBUSY);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas_empty_area(&mas, 0, 8, 10) != -EINVAL);
 
 	mas_reset(&mas);
 	mas_empty_area(&mas, 100, 165, 3);
@@ -2670,7 +2773,7 @@ static noinline void check_empty_area_window(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
-static noinline void check_empty_area_fill(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_empty_area_fill(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	const unsigned long max = 0x25D78000;
 	unsigned long size;
@@ -2713,12 +2816,635 @@ static noinline void check_empty_area_fill(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Check MAS_START, MAS_PAUSE, active (implied), and MAS_NONE transitions.
+ *
+ * The table below shows the single entry tree (0-0 pointer) and normal tree
+ * with nodes.
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ *     ┬          ┬       ┬               ┬                ┬
+ *     │          │       │               │                └─ the final range
+ *     │          │       │               └─ The node value after execution
+ *     │          │       └─ The node value before execution
+ *     │          └─ If the entry exists or does not exists (DNE)
+ *     └─ The function name
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ * mas_next()
+ *  - after last
+ *			Single entry tree at 0-0
+ *			------------------------
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	MAS_NONE	1 - oo
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_NONE	1 - oo
+ *		DNE	MAS_ROOT	MAS_NONE	1 - oo
+ *			when index = 0
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *			when index > 0
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_NONE	1 - oo
+ *
+ *			Normal tree
+ *			-----------
+ *		exists	MAS_START	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	active		set to last range
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	active		set to last range
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	active		range
+ *		exists	active		active		range
+ *		DNE	active		active		set to last range
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ * mas_prev()
+ * - before index
+ *			Single entry tree at 0-0
+ *			------------------------
+ *				if index > 0
+ *		exists	MAS_START	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *
+ *				if index == 0
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_ROOT	MAS_NONE	0
+ *
+ *			Normal tree
+ *			-----------
+ *		exists	MAS_START	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	active		set to min
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	active		set to min
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_NONE	set to min
+ *		any	MAS_ROOT	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		exists	active		active		range
+ *		DNE	active		active		last range
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ * mas_find()
+ *  - at index or next
+ *			Single entry tree at 0-0
+ *			------------------------
+ *				if index >  0
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_ROOT	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *				if index ==  0
+ *		exists	MAS_START	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *
+ *			Normal tree
+ *			-----------
+ *		exists	MAS_START	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	active		set to max
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	active		set to max
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	active		range
+ *		exists	active		active		range
+ *		DNE	active		active		last range (max < last)
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ * mas_find_rev()
+ *  - at index or before
+ *			Single entry tree at 0-0
+ *			------------------------
+ *				if index >  0
+ *		exists	MAS_START	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *				if index ==  0
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_NONE	0
+ *		DNE	MAS_ROOT	MAS_NONE	0
+ *
+ *			Normal tree
+ *			-----------
+ *		exists	MAS_START	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	active		set to min
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	active		set to min
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	active		range
+ *		exists	active		active		range
+ *		DNE	active		active		last range (min > index)
+ *
+ * Function	ENTRY	Start		Result		index & last
+ * mas_walk()
+ * - Look up index
+ *			Single entry tree at 0-0
+ *			------------------------
+ *				if index >  0
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	MAS_ROOT	1 - oo
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_ROOT	1 - oo
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	1 - oo
+ *		DNE	MAS_ROOT	MAS_ROOT	1 - oo
+ *				if index ==  0
+ *		exists	MAS_START	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *		exists	MAS_ROOT	MAS_ROOT	0
+ *
+ *			Normal tree
+ *			-----------
+ *		exists	MAS_START	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_START	active		range of NULL
+ *		exists	MAS_PAUSE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_PAUSE	active		range of NULL
+ *		exists	MAS_NONE	active		range
+ *		DNE	MAS_NONE	active		range of NULL
+ *		exists	active		active		range
+ *		DNE	active		active		range of NULL
+ */
+
+#define mas_active(x)		(((x).node != MAS_ROOT) && \
+				 ((x).node != MAS_START) && \
+				 ((x).node != MAS_PAUSE) && \
+				 ((x).node != MAS_NONE))
+static noinline void __init check_state_handling(struct maple_tree *mt)
+{
+	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
+	void *entry, *ptr = (void *) 0x1234500;
+	void *ptr2 = &ptr;
+	void *ptr3 = &ptr2;
+
+	/* Check MAS_ROOT First */
+	mtree_store_range(mt, 0, 0, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+	mas_lock(&mas);
+	/* prev: Start -> none */
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* prev: Start -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* prev: pause -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* next: start -> none */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* next: start -> none */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find: start -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* find: root -> none */
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find: none -> none */
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find: start -> none */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find_rev: none -> root */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* find_rev: start -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* find_rev: root -> none */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find_rev: none -> none */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* find_rev: start -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* walk: start -> none */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* walk: pause -> none*/
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* walk: none -> none */
+	mas.index = mas.last = 10;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* walk: none -> none */
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* walk: start -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* walk: pause -> root */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* walk: none -> root */
+	mas.node = MAS_NONE;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* walk: root -> root */
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	/* walk: root -> none */
+	mas_set(&mas, 10);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 1);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_NONE);
+
+	/* walk: none -> root */
+	mas.index = mas.last = 0;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.node != MAS_ROOT);
+
+	mas_unlock(&mas);
+
+	/* Check when there is an actual node */
+	mtree_store_range(mt, 0, 0, NULL, GFP_KERNEL);
+	mtree_store_range(mt, 0x1000, 0x1500, ptr, GFP_KERNEL);
+	mtree_store_range(mt, 0x2000, 0x2500, ptr2, GFP_KERNEL);
+	mtree_store_range(mt, 0x3000, 0x3500, ptr3, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+	mas_lock(&mas);
+
+	/* next: start ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next: pause ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next: none ->active */
+	mas.index = mas.last = 0;
+	mas.offset = 0;
+	mas.node = MAS_NONE;
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next:active ->active */
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr2);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next:active -> active out of range*/
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, 0x2999);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2fff);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* Continue after out of range*/
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr3);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x3000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x3500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next:active -> active out of range*/
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x3501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* next: none -> active, skip value at location */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	mas.node = MAS_NONE;
+	mas.offset = 0;
+	entry = mas_next(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr2);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* prev:active ->active */
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* prev:active -> active out of range*/
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x0FFF);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* prev: pause ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x3600);
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr3);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr2);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* prev:active -> active out of range*/
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0x1600);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1FFF);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* prev: active ->active, continue*/
+	entry = mas_prev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find: start ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find: pause ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find: start ->active on value */;
+	mas_set(&mas, 1200);
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find:active ->active */
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr2);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+
+	/* find:active -> active (NULL)*/
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, 0x2700);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2FFF);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find: none ->active */
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, 0x5000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr3);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x3000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x3500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find:active -> active (NULL) end*/
+	entry = mas_find(&mas, ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x3501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != ULONG_MAX);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find_rev: active (END) ->active */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr3);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x3000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x3500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find_rev:active ->active */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr2);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x2000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x2500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find_rev: pause ->active */
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find_rev:active -> active */
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x0FFF);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* find_rev: start ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1200);
+	entry = mas_find_rev(&mas, 0);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk start ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1200);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk start ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1600);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1fff);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk pause ->active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1200);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk pause -> active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1600);
+	mas_pause(&mas);
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1fff);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk none -> active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1200);
+	mas.node = MAS_NONE;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk none -> active */
+	mas_set(&mas, 0x1600);
+	mas.node = MAS_NONE;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1fff);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk active -> active */
+	mas.index = 0x1200;
+	mas.last = 0x1200;
+	mas.offset = 0;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != ptr);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1000);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1500);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	/* mas_walk active -> active */
+	mas.index = 0x1600;
+	mas.last = 0x1600;
+	entry = mas_walk(&mas);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, entry != NULL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.index != 0x1501);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mas.last != 0x1fff);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mas_active(mas));
+
+	mas_unlock(&mas);
+}
+
 static DEFINE_MTREE(tree);
-static int maple_tree_seed(void)
+static int __init maple_tree_seed(void)
 {
-	unsigned long set[] = {5015, 5014, 5017, 25, 1000,
-			       1001, 1002, 1003, 1005, 0,
-			       5003, 5002};
+	unsigned long set[] = { 5015, 5014, 5017, 25, 1000,
+				1001, 1002, 1003, 1005, 0,
+				5003, 5002};
 	void *ptr = &set;
 
 	pr_info("\nTEST STARTING\n\n");
@@ -2974,6 +3700,10 @@ static int maple_tree_seed(void)
 	mtree_destroy(&tree);
 
 
+	mt_init_flags(&tree, MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE);
+	check_state_handling(&tree);
+	mtree_destroy(&tree);
+
 #if defined(BENCH)
 skip:
 #endif
@@ -2988,7 +3718,7 @@ static int maple_tree_seed(void)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static void maple_tree_harvest(void)
+static void __exit maple_tree_harvest(void)
 {
 
 }
diff --git a/mm/debug.c b/mm/debug.c
index 96d594e16..6c657b26f 100644
--- a/mm/debug.c
+++ b/mm/debug.c
@@ -261,4 +261,13 @@ void page_init_poison(struct page *page, size_t size)
 	if (page_init_poisoning)
 		memset(page, PAGE_POISON_PATTERN, size);
 }
+
+void vma_iter_dump_tree(const struct vma_iterator *vmi)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE)
+	mas_dump(&vmi->mas);
+	mt_dump(vmi->mas.tree, mt_dump_hex);
+#endif	/* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE */
+}
+
 #endif		/* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */
diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
index 7920a8b79..a02b665ef 100644
--- a/mm/internal.h
+++ b/mm/internal.h
@@ -990,17 +990,17 @@ static inline void vma_iter_store(struct vma_iterator *vmi,
 {
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE)
-	if (WARN_ON(vmi->mas.node != MAS_START && vmi->mas.index > vma->vm_start)) {
-		printk("%lu > %lu\n", vmi->mas.index, vma->vm_start);
-		printk("store of vma %lu-%lu", vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
-		printk("into slot    %lu-%lu", vmi->mas.index, vmi->mas.last);
-		mt_dump(vmi->mas.tree);
+	if (MAS_WARN_ON(&vmi->mas, vmi->mas.node != MAS_START &&
+			vmi->mas.index > vma->vm_start)) {
+		pr_warn("%lx > %lx\n store vma %lx-%lx\n into slot %lx-%lx\n",
+			vmi->mas.index, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_start,
+			vma->vm_end, vmi->mas.index, vmi->mas.last);
 	}
-	if (WARN_ON(vmi->mas.node != MAS_START && vmi->mas.last <  vma->vm_start)) {
-		printk("%lu < %lu\n", vmi->mas.last, vma->vm_start);
-		printk("store of vma %lu-%lu", vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
-		printk("into slot    %lu-%lu", vmi->mas.index, vmi->mas.last);
-		mt_dump(vmi->mas.tree);
+	if (MAS_WARN_ON(&vmi->mas, vmi->mas.node != MAS_START &&
+			vmi->mas.last <  vma->vm_start)) {
+		pr_warn("%lx < %lx\nstore vma %lx-%lx\ninto slot %lx-%lx\n",
+		       vmi->mas.last, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end,
+		       vmi->mas.index, vmi->mas.last);
 	}
 #endif
 
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index eefa6f0cd..5d2678036 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -296,61 +296,40 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(brk, unsigned long, brk)
 }
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE)
-extern void mt_validate(struct maple_tree *mt);
-extern void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt);
-
-/* Validate the maple tree */
-static void validate_mm_mt(struct mm_struct *mm)
-{
-	struct maple_tree *mt = &mm->mm_mt;
-	struct vm_area_struct *vma_mt;
-
-	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
-
-	mt_validate(&mm->mm_mt);
-	mas_for_each(&mas, vma_mt, ULONG_MAX) {
-		if ((vma_mt->vm_start != mas.index) ||
-		    (vma_mt->vm_end - 1 != mas.last)) {
-			pr_emerg("issue in %s\n", current->comm);
-			dump_stack();
-			dump_vma(vma_mt);
-			pr_emerg("mt piv: %p %lu - %lu\n", vma_mt,
-				 mas.index, mas.last);
-			pr_emerg("mt vma: %p %lu - %lu\n", vma_mt,
-				 vma_mt->vm_start, vma_mt->vm_end);
-
-			mt_dump(mas.tree);
-			if (vma_mt->vm_end != mas.last + 1) {
-				pr_err("vma: %p vma_mt %lu-%lu\tmt %lu-%lu\n",
-						mm, vma_mt->vm_start, vma_mt->vm_end,
-						mas.index, mas.last);
-				mt_dump(mas.tree);
-			}
-			VM_BUG_ON_MM(vma_mt->vm_end != mas.last + 1, mm);
-			if (vma_mt->vm_start != mas.index) {
-				pr_err("vma: %p vma_mt %p %lu - %lu doesn't match\n",
-						mm, vma_mt, vma_mt->vm_start, vma_mt->vm_end);
-				mt_dump(mas.tree);
-			}
-			VM_BUG_ON_MM(vma_mt->vm_start != mas.index, mm);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 static void validate_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
 {
 	int bug = 0;
 	int i = 0;
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
-	MA_STATE(mas, &mm->mm_mt, 0, 0);
-
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0);
 
-	mas_for_each(&mas, vma, ULONG_MAX) {
+	mt_validate(&mm->mm_mt);
+	for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB
 		struct anon_vma *anon_vma = vma->anon_vma;
 		struct anon_vma_chain *avc;
+#endif
+		unsigned long vmi_start, vmi_end;
+		bool warn = 0;
+
+		vmi_start = vma_iter_addr(&vmi);
+		vmi_end = vma_iter_end(&vmi);
+		if (VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_MM(vma->vm_end != vmi_end, mm))
+			warn = 1;
+
+		if (VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_MM(vma->vm_start != vmi_start, mm))
+			warn = 1;
+
+		if (warn) {
+			pr_emerg("issue in %s\n", current->comm);
+			dump_stack();
+			dump_vma(vma);
+			pr_emerg("tree range: %px start %lx end %lx\n", vma,
+				 vmi_start, vmi_end - 1);
+			vma_iter_dump_tree(&vmi);
+		}
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB
 		if (anon_vma) {
 			anon_vma_lock_read(anon_vma);
 			list_for_each_entry(avc, &vma->anon_vma_chain, same_vma)
@@ -361,14 +340,13 @@ static void validate_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
 		i++;
 	}
 	if (i != mm->map_count) {
-		pr_emerg("map_count %d mas_for_each %d\n", mm->map_count, i);
+		pr_emerg("map_count %d vma iterator %d\n", mm->map_count, i);
 		bug = 1;
 	}
 	VM_BUG_ON_MM(bug, mm);
 }
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE */
-#define validate_mm_mt(root) do { } while (0)
 #define validate_mm(mm) do { } while (0)
 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE */
 
@@ -1518,7 +1496,8 @@ static inline int accountable_mapping(struct file *file, vm_flags_t vm_flags)
  */
 static unsigned long unmapped_area(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
 {
-	unsigned long length, gap, low_limit;
+	unsigned long length, gap;
+	unsigned long low_limit, high_limit;
 	struct vm_area_struct *tmp;
 
 	MA_STATE(mas, &current->mm->mm_mt, 0, 0);
@@ -1529,8 +1508,11 @@ static unsigned long unmapped_area(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	low_limit = info->low_limit;
+	if (low_limit < mmap_min_addr)
+		low_limit = mmap_min_addr;
+	high_limit = info->high_limit;
 retry:
-	if (mas_empty_area(&mas, low_limit, info->high_limit - 1, length))
+	if (mas_empty_area(&mas, low_limit, high_limit - 1, length))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	gap = mas.index;
@@ -1566,7 +1548,8 @@ static unsigned long unmapped_area(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
  */
 static unsigned long unmapped_area_topdown(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
 {
-	unsigned long length, gap, high_limit, gap_end;
+	unsigned long length, gap, gap_end;
+	unsigned long low_limit, high_limit;
 	struct vm_area_struct *tmp;
 
 	MA_STATE(mas, &current->mm->mm_mt, 0, 0);
@@ -1575,10 +1558,12 @@ static unsigned long unmapped_area_topdown(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
 	if (length < info->length)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	low_limit = info->low_limit;
+	if (low_limit < mmap_min_addr)
+		low_limit = mmap_min_addr;
 	high_limit = info->high_limit;
 retry:
-	if (mas_empty_area_rev(&mas, info->low_limit, high_limit - 1,
-				length))
+	if (mas_empty_area_rev(&mas, low_limit, high_limit - 1, length))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	gap = mas.last + 1 - info->length;
@@ -1713,7 +1698,7 @@ generic_get_unmapped_area_topdown(struct file *filp, unsigned long addr,
 
 	info.flags = VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN;
 	info.length = len;
-	info.low_limit = max(PAGE_SIZE, mmap_min_addr);
+	info.low_limit = PAGE_SIZE;
 	info.high_limit = arch_get_mmap_base(addr, mm->mmap_base);
 	info.align_mask = 0;
 	info.align_offset = 0;
@@ -2196,7 +2181,7 @@ int __split_vma(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	struct vm_area_struct *new;
 	int err;
 
-	validate_mm_mt(vma->vm_mm);
+	validate_mm(vma->vm_mm);
 
 	WARN_ON(vma->vm_start >= addr);
 	WARN_ON(vma->vm_end <= addr);
@@ -2254,7 +2239,7 @@ int __split_vma(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	/* Success. */
 	if (new_below)
 		vma_next(vmi);
-	validate_mm_mt(vma->vm_mm);
+	validate_mm(vma->vm_mm);
 	return 0;
 
 out_free_mpol:
@@ -2263,7 +2248,7 @@ int __split_vma(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	vma_iter_free(vmi);
 out_free_vma:
 	vm_area_free(new);
-	validate_mm_mt(vma->vm_mm);
+	validate_mm(vma->vm_mm);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2364,28 +2349,32 @@ do_vmi_align_munmap(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			goto munmap_sidetree_failed;
 
 		count++;
+		if (unlikely(uf)) {
+			/*
+			 * If userfaultfd_unmap_prep returns an error the vmas
+			 * will remain split, but userland will get a
+			 * highly unexpected error anyway. This is no
+			 * different than the case where the first of the two
+			 * __split_vma fails, but we don't undo the first
+			 * split, despite we could. This is unlikely enough
+			 * failure that it's not worth optimizing it for.
+			 */
+			error = userfaultfd_unmap_prep(next, start, end, uf);
+
+			if (error)
+				goto userfaultfd_error;
+		}
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE
 		BUG_ON(next->vm_start < start);
 		BUG_ON(next->vm_start > end);
 #endif
 	}
 
-	next = vma_next(vmi);
-	if (unlikely(uf)) {
-		/*
-		 * If userfaultfd_unmap_prep returns an error the vmas
-		 * will remain split, but userland will get a
-		 * highly unexpected error anyway. This is no
-		 * different than the case where the first of the two
-		 * __split_vma fails, but we don't undo the first
-		 * split, despite we could. This is unlikely enough
-		 * failure that it's not worth optimizing it for.
-		 */
-		error = userfaultfd_unmap_prep(mm, start, end, uf);
+	if (vma_iter_end(vmi) > end)
+		next = vma_iter_load(vmi);
 
-		if (error)
-			goto userfaultfd_error;
-	}
+	if (!next)
+		next = vma_next(vmi);
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE)
 	/* Make sure no VMAs are about to be lost. */
@@ -2583,6 +2572,9 @@ unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
 	}
 
 cannot_expand:
+	if (prev)
+		vma_iter_next_range(&vmi);
+
 	/*
 	 * Determine the object being mapped and call the appropriate
 	 * specific mapper. the address has already been validated, but
@@ -2895,7 +2887,7 @@ int do_vma_munmap(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 
 	arch_unmap(mm, start, end);
 	ret = do_vmi_align_munmap(vmi, vma, mm, start, end, uf, downgrade);
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2917,7 +2909,7 @@ static int do_brk_flags(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 	struct vma_prepare vp;
 
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	/*
 	 * Check against address space limits by the changed size
 	 * Note: This happens *after* clearing old mappings in some code paths.
@@ -3157,7 +3149,7 @@ struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **vmap,
 	bool faulted_in_anon_vma = true;
 	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, addr);
 
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	/*
 	 * If anonymous vma has not yet been faulted, update new pgoff
 	 * to match new location, to increase its chance of merging.
@@ -3215,7 +3207,7 @@ struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **vmap,
 			goto out_vma_link;
 		*need_rmap_locks = false;
 	}
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	return new_vma;
 
 out_vma_link:
@@ -3231,7 +3223,7 @@ struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **vmap,
 out_free_vma:
 	vm_area_free(new_vma);
 out:
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -3368,7 +3360,7 @@ static struct vm_area_struct *__install_special_mapping(
 	int ret;
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
 
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	vma = vm_area_alloc(mm);
 	if (unlikely(vma == NULL))
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
@@ -3391,12 +3383,12 @@ static struct vm_area_struct *__install_special_mapping(
 
 	perf_event_mmap(vma);
 
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	return vma;
 
 out:
 	vm_area_free(vma);
-	validate_mm_mt(mm);
+	validate_mm(mm);
 	return ERR_PTR(ret);
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/mmu_notifier.c b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
index 50c0dde13..c7e9747c9 100644
--- a/mm/mmu_notifier.c
+++ b/mm/mmu_notifier.c
@@ -382,44 +382,26 @@ int __mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	return young;
 }
 
-int __mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
-			       unsigned long start,
-			       unsigned long end)
+int __mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
+				    unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+				    bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap)
 {
-	struct mmu_notifier *subscription;
-	int young = 0, id;
+	int idx;
+	struct mmu_notifier *mn;
+	int young = 0;
 
-	id = srcu_read_lock(&srcu);
-	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(subscription,
-				 &mm->notifier_subscriptions->list, hlist,
-				 srcu_read_lock_held(&srcu)) {
-		if (subscription->ops->clear_young)
-			young |= subscription->ops->clear_young(subscription,
-								mm, start, end);
-	}
-	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu, id);
+	idx = srcu_read_lock(&srcu);
 
-	return young;
-}
+	hlist_for_each_entry_srcu(mn, &mm->notifier_subscriptions->list, hlist,
+				  srcu_read_lock_held(&srcu)) {
+		if (mn->ops->test_clear_young)
+			young |= mn->ops->test_clear_young(mn, mm, start, end, clear, bitmap);
 
-int __mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
-			      unsigned long address)
-{
-	struct mmu_notifier *subscription;
-	int young = 0, id;
-
-	id = srcu_read_lock(&srcu);
-	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(subscription,
-				 &mm->notifier_subscriptions->list, hlist,
-				 srcu_read_lock_held(&srcu)) {
-		if (subscription->ops->test_young) {
-			young = subscription->ops->test_young(subscription, mm,
-							      address);
-			if (young)
-				break;
-		}
+		if (young && !clear)
+			break;
 	}
-	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu, id);
+
+	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu, idx);
 
 	return young;
 }
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 8632e0266..53a524b4f 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -823,12 +823,10 @@ static bool folio_referenced_one(struct folio *folio,
 			return false; /* To break the loop */
 		}
 
-		if (pvmw.pte) {
-			if (lru_gen_enabled() && pte_young(*pvmw.pte)) {
-				lru_gen_look_around(&pvmw);
+		if (lru_gen_enabled() && pvmw.pte) {
+			if (lru_gen_look_around(&pvmw))
 				referenced++;
-			}
-
+		} else if (pvmw.pte) {
 			if (ptep_clear_flush_young_notify(vma, address,
 						pvmw.pte))
 				referenced++;
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index 2bb7ce0a9..e13464b12 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include <linux/khugepaged.h>
 #include <linux/rculist_nulls.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 #include <asm/div64.h>
@@ -3176,6 +3177,20 @@ DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_ARRAY_FALSE(lru_gen_caps, NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS);
 #define get_cap(cap)	static_branch_unlikely(&lru_gen_caps[cap])
 #endif
 
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
+#include <linux/kvm_host.h>
+
+static bool should_walk_kvm_mmu(void)
+{
+	return kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_KVM_MMU_WALK);
+}
+#else
+static bool should_walk_kvm_mmu(void)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+#endif
+
 /******************************************************************************
  *                          shorthand helpers
  ******************************************************************************/
@@ -3404,18 +3419,13 @@ void lru_gen_del_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
 	for_each_node(nid) {
 		struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid);
 
-		/* where the last iteration ended (exclusive) */
+		/* where the current iteration continues after */
+		if (lruvec->mm_state.head == &mm->lru_gen.list)
+			lruvec->mm_state.head = lruvec->mm_state.head->prev;
+
+		/* where the last iteration ended before */
 		if (lruvec->mm_state.tail == &mm->lru_gen.list)
 			lruvec->mm_state.tail = lruvec->mm_state.tail->next;
-
-		/* where the current iteration continues (inclusive) */
-		if (lruvec->mm_state.head != &mm->lru_gen.list)
-			continue;
-
-		lruvec->mm_state.head = lruvec->mm_state.head->next;
-		/* the deletion ends the current iteration */
-		if (lruvec->mm_state.head == &mm_list->fifo)
-			WRITE_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.seq, lruvec->mm_state.seq + 1);
 	}
 
 	list_del_init(&mm->lru_gen.list);
@@ -3511,68 +3521,54 @@ static bool iterate_mm_list(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk,
 			    struct mm_struct **iter)
 {
 	bool first = false;
-	bool last = true;
+	bool last = false;
 	struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec);
 	struct lru_gen_mm_list *mm_list = get_mm_list(memcg);
 	struct lru_gen_mm_state *mm_state = &lruvec->mm_state;
 
 	/*
-	 * There are four interesting cases for this page table walker:
-	 * 1. It tries to start a new iteration of mm_list with a stale max_seq;
-	 *    there is nothing left to do.
-	 * 2. It's the first of the current generation, and it needs to reset
-	 *    the Bloom filter for the next generation.
-	 * 3. It reaches the end of mm_list, and it needs to increment
-	 *    mm_state->seq; the iteration is done.
-	 * 4. It's the last of the current generation, and it needs to reset the
-	 *    mm stats counters for the next generation.
+	 * mm_state->seq is incremented after each iteration of mm_list. There
+	 * are three interesting cases for this page table walker:
+	 * 1. It tries to start a new iteration with a stale max_seq: there is
+	 *    nothing left to do.
+	 * 2. It started the next iteration: it needs to reset the Bloom filter
+	 *    so that a fresh set of PTE tables can be recorded.
+	 * 3. It ended the current iteration: it needs to reset the mm stats
+	 *    counters and tell its caller to increment max_seq.
 	 */
 	spin_lock(&mm_list->lock);
 
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->seq + 1 < walk->max_seq);
-	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(*iter && mm_state->seq > walk->max_seq);
-	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(*iter && !mm_state->nr_walkers);
 
-	if (walk->max_seq <= mm_state->seq) {
-		if (!*iter)
-			last = false;
+	if (walk->max_seq <= mm_state->seq)
 		goto done;
-	}
 
-	if (!mm_state->nr_walkers) {
-		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->head && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo);
+	if (!mm_state->head)
+		mm_state->head = &mm_list->fifo;
 
-		mm_state->head = mm_list->fifo.next;
+	if (mm_state->head == &mm_list->fifo)
 		first = true;
-	}
-
-	while (!mm && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo) {
-		mm = list_entry(mm_state->head, struct mm_struct, lru_gen.list);
 
+	do {
 		mm_state->head = mm_state->head->next;
+		if (mm_state->head == &mm_list->fifo) {
+			WRITE_ONCE(mm_state->seq, mm_state->seq + 1);
+			last = true;
+			break;
+		}
 
 		/* force scan for those added after the last iteration */
-		if (!mm_state->tail || mm_state->tail == &mm->lru_gen.list) {
-			mm_state->tail = mm_state->head;
+		if (!mm_state->tail || mm_state->tail == mm_state->head) {
+			mm_state->tail = mm_state->head->next;
 			walk->force_scan = true;
 		}
 
+		mm = list_entry(mm_state->head, struct mm_struct, lru_gen.list);
 		if (should_skip_mm(mm, walk))
 			mm = NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (mm_state->head == &mm_list->fifo)
-		WRITE_ONCE(mm_state->seq, mm_state->seq + 1);
+	} while (!mm);
 done:
-	if (*iter && !mm)
-		mm_state->nr_walkers--;
-	if (!*iter && mm)
-		mm_state->nr_walkers++;
-
-	if (mm_state->nr_walkers)
-		last = false;
-
 	if (*iter || last)
 		reset_mm_stats(lruvec, walk, last);
 
@@ -3600,9 +3596,9 @@ static bool iterate_mm_list_nowalk(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq)
 
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->seq + 1 < max_seq);
 
-	if (max_seq > mm_state->seq && !mm_state->nr_walkers) {
-		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->head && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo);
-
+	if (max_seq > mm_state->seq) {
+		mm_state->head = NULL;
+		mm_state->tail = NULL;
 		WRITE_ONCE(mm_state->seq, mm_state->seq + 1);
 		reset_mm_stats(lruvec, NULL, true);
 		success = true;
@@ -3614,7 +3610,7 @@ static bool iterate_mm_list_nowalk(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq)
 }
 
 /******************************************************************************
- *                          refault feedback loop
+ *                          PID controller
  ******************************************************************************/
 
 /*
@@ -3933,6 +3929,55 @@ static struct folio *get_pfn_folio(unsigned long pfn, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	return folio;
 }
 
+static bool test_spte_young(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+			    unsigned long *bitmap, unsigned long *last)
+{
+	if (!should_walk_kvm_mmu())
+		return false;
+
+	if (*last > addr)
+		goto done;
+
+	*last = end - addr > MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE ?
+		addr + MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE - 1 : end - 1;
+	bitmap_zero(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH);
+
+	mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(mm, addr, *last + 1, false, bitmap);
+done:
+	return test_bit((*last - addr) / PAGE_SIZE, bitmap);
+}
+
+static void clear_spte_young(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
+			     unsigned long *bitmap, unsigned long *last)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long start, end = *last + 1;
+
+	if (addr + PAGE_SIZE != end)
+		return;
+
+	i = find_last_bit(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH);
+	if (i == MIN_LRU_BATCH)
+		return;
+
+	start = end - (i + 1) * PAGE_SIZE;
+
+	i = find_first_bit(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH);
+
+	end -= i * PAGE_SIZE;
+
+	mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(mm, start, end, true, bitmap);
+}
+
+static void skip_spte_young(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
+			    unsigned long *bitmap, unsigned long *last)
+{
+	if (*last > addr)
+		__clear_bit((*last - addr) / PAGE_SIZE, bitmap);
+
+	clear_spte_young(mm, addr, bitmap, last);
+}
+
 static bool suitable_to_scan(int total, int young)
 {
 	int n = clamp_t(int, cache_line_size() / sizeof(pte_t), 2, 8);
@@ -3948,6 +3993,8 @@ static bool walk_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 	pte_t *pte;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
 	unsigned long addr;
+	DECLARE_BITMAP(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH);
+	unsigned long last = 0;
 	int total = 0;
 	int young = 0;
 	struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private;
@@ -3966,6 +4013,7 @@ static bool walk_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 	pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, start & PMD_MASK);
 restart:
 	for (i = pte_index(start), addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
+		bool ret;
 		unsigned long pfn;
 		struct folio *folio;
 
@@ -3973,20 +4021,27 @@ static bool walk_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_TOTAL]++;
 
 		pfn = get_pte_pfn(pte[i], args->vma, addr);
-		if (pfn == -1)
+		if (pfn == -1) {
+			skip_spte_young(args->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (!pte_young(pte[i])) {
+		ret = test_spte_young(args->vma->vm_mm, addr, end, bitmap, &last);
+		if (!ret && !pte_young(pte[i])) {
+			skip_spte_young(args->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_OLD]++;
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat, walk->can_swap);
-		if (!folio)
+		if (!folio) {
+			skip_spte_young(args->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (!ptep_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, addr, pte + i))
-			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(true);
+		clear_spte_young(args->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
+		if (pte_young(pte[i]))
+			ptep_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, addr, pte + i);
 
 		young++;
 		walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_YOUNG]++;
@@ -4202,10 +4257,6 @@ static int walk_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 
 		walk_pmd_range(&val, addr, next, args);
 
-		/* a racy check to curtail the waiting time */
-		if (wq_has_sleeper(&walk->lruvec->mm_state.wait))
-			return 1;
-
 		if (need_resched() || walk->batched >= MAX_LRU_BATCH) {
 			end = (addr | ~PUD_MASK) + 1;
 			goto done;
@@ -4238,8 +4289,14 @@ static void walk_mm(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mm_struct *mm, struct lru_gen_
 	walk->next_addr = FIRST_USER_ADDRESS;
 
 	do {
+		DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec);
+
 		err = -EBUSY;
 
+		/* another thread might have called inc_max_seq() */
+		if (walk->max_seq != max_seq)
+			break;
+
 		/* folio_update_gen() requires stable folio_memcg() */
 		if (!mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(memcg))
 			break;
@@ -4472,25 +4529,12 @@ static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq,
 		success = iterate_mm_list(lruvec, walk, &mm);
 		if (mm)
 			walk_mm(lruvec, mm, walk);
-
-		cond_resched();
 	} while (mm);
 done:
-	if (!success) {
-		if (sc->priority <= DEF_PRIORITY - 2)
-			wait_event_killable(lruvec->mm_state.wait,
-					    max_seq < READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq));
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(max_seq != READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq));
-
-	inc_max_seq(lruvec, can_swap, force_scan);
-	/* either this sees any waiters or they will see updated max_seq */
-	if (wq_has_sleeper(&lruvec->mm_state.wait))
-		wake_up_all(&lruvec->mm_state.wait);
+	if (success)
+		inc_max_seq(lruvec, can_swap, force_scan);
 
-	return true;
+	return success;
 }
 
 /******************************************************************************
@@ -4546,7 +4590,7 @@ static bool lruvec_is_reclaimable(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc
 }
 
 /* to protect the working set of the last N jiffies */
-static unsigned long lru_gen_min_ttl __read_mostly;
+static unsigned long lru_gen_min_ttl __read_mostly = HZ;
 
 static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc)
 {
@@ -4591,6 +4635,23 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc)
  *                          rmap/PT walk feedback
  ******************************************************************************/
 
+static bool should_look_around(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+			       pte_t *pte, int *young)
+{
+	int ret = mmu_notifier_clear_young(vma->vm_mm, addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	if (pte_young(*pte)) {
+		ptep_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pte);
+		*young = true;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (ret)
+		*young = true;
+
+	return ret & MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_LOCKLESS;
+}
+
 /*
  * This function exploits spatial locality when shrink_folio_list() walks the
  * rmap. It scans the adjacent PTEs of a young PTE and promotes hot pages. If
@@ -4598,12 +4659,14 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc)
  * the PTE table to the Bloom filter. This forms a feedback loop between the
  * eviction and the aging.
  */
-void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
+bool lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 {
 	int i;
 	unsigned long start;
 	unsigned long end;
 	struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk;
+	DECLARE_BITMAP(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH);
+	unsigned long last = 0;
 	int young = 0;
 	pte_t *pte = pvmw->pte;
 	unsigned long addr = pvmw->address;
@@ -4617,8 +4680,11 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 	lockdep_assert_held(pvmw->ptl);
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
 
+	if (!should_look_around(pvmw->vma, addr, pte, &young))
+		return young;
+
 	if (spin_is_contended(pvmw->ptl))
-		return;
+		return young;
 
 	/* avoid taking the LRU lock under the PTL when possible */
 	walk = current->reclaim_state ? current->reclaim_state->mm_walk : NULL;
@@ -4626,6 +4692,9 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 	start = max(addr & PMD_MASK, pvmw->vma->vm_start);
 	end = min(addr | ~PMD_MASK, pvmw->vma->vm_end - 1) + 1;
 
+	if (end - start == PAGE_SIZE)
+		return young;
+
 	if (end - start > MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE) {
 		if (addr - start < MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE / 2)
 			end = start + MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -4639,28 +4708,37 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 
 	/* folio_update_gen() requires stable folio_memcg() */
 	if (!mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(memcg))
-		return;
+		return young;
 
 	arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
 
 	pte -= (addr - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
 
 	for (i = 0, addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
+		bool ret;
 		unsigned long pfn;
 
 		pfn = get_pte_pfn(pte[i], pvmw->vma, addr);
-		if (pfn == -1)
+		if (pfn == -1) {
+			skip_spte_young(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (!pte_young(pte[i]))
+		ret = test_spte_young(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, addr, end, bitmap, &last);
+		if (!ret && !pte_young(pte[i])) {
+			skip_spte_young(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			continue;
+		}
 
 		folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat, !walk || walk->can_swap);
-		if (!folio)
+		if (!folio) {
+			skip_spte_young(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
 			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (!ptep_test_and_clear_young(pvmw->vma, addr, pte + i))
-			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(true);
+		clear_spte_young(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, addr, bitmap, &last);
+		if (pte_young(pte[i]))
+			ptep_test_and_clear_young(pvmw->vma, addr, pte + i);
 
 		young++;
 
@@ -4690,6 +4768,8 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 	/* feedback from rmap walkers to page table walkers */
 	if (suitable_to_scan(i, young))
 		update_bloom_filter(lruvec, max_seq, pvmw->pmd);
+
+	return young;
 }
 
 /******************************************************************************
@@ -5673,14 +5753,14 @@ static void lru_gen_change_state(bool enabled)
  *                          sysfs interface
  ******************************************************************************/
 
-static ssize_t show_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+static ssize_t min_ttl_ms_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
-	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", jiffies_to_msecs(READ_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl)));
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", jiffies_to_msecs(READ_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl)));
 }
 
 /* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */
-static ssize_t store_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
-			     const char *buf, size_t len)
+static ssize_t min_ttl_ms_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+				const char *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	unsigned int msecs;
 
@@ -5692,11 +5772,9 @@ static ssize_t store_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
 	return len;
 }
 
-static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_min_ttl_attr = __ATTR(
-	min_ttl_ms, 0644, show_min_ttl, store_min_ttl
-);
+static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_min_ttl_attr = __ATTR_RW(min_ttl_ms);
 
-static ssize_t show_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+static ssize_t enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
 	unsigned int caps = 0;
 
@@ -5709,11 +5787,14 @@ static ssize_t show_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, c
 	if (arch_has_hw_nonleaf_pmd_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG))
 		caps |= BIT(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG);
 
+	if (should_walk_kvm_mmu())
+		caps |= BIT(LRU_GEN_KVM_MMU_WALK);
+
 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "0x%04x\n", caps);
 }
 
 /* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */
-static ssize_t store_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
 			     const char *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -5740,9 +5821,7 @@ static ssize_t store_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
 	return len;
 }
 
-static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_enabled_attr = __ATTR(
-	enabled, 0644, show_enabled, store_enabled
-);
+static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_enabled_attr = __ATTR_RW(enabled);
 
 static struct attribute *lru_gen_attrs[] = {
 	&lru_gen_min_ttl_attr.attr,
@@ -5750,7 +5829,7 @@ static struct attribute *lru_gen_attrs[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-static struct attribute_group lru_gen_attr_group = {
+static const struct attribute_group lru_gen_attr_group = {
 	.name = "lru_gen",
 	.attrs = lru_gen_attrs,
 };
@@ -6132,7 +6211,6 @@ void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec)
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lrugen->folios[gen][type][zone]);
 
 	lruvec->mm_state.seq = MIN_NR_GENS;
-	init_waitqueue_head(&lruvec->mm_state.wait);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -6165,7 +6243,6 @@ void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 	for_each_node(nid) {
 		struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid);
 
-		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.nr_walkers);
 		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(memchr_inv(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages, 0,
 					   sizeof(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages)));
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/init.h b/tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/init.h
index 1bb0afc21..81563c3df 100644
--- a/tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/init.h
+++ b/tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/init.h
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 #define __init
+#define __exit
diff --git a/tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c b/tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c
index 4c89ff333..03539d86c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c
+++ b/tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "test.h"
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <time.h>
+#include "linux/init.h"
 
 #define module_init(x)
 #define module_exit(x)
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@
 #define dump_stack()	assert(0)
 
 #include "../../../lib/maple_tree.c"
-#undef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
 #include "../../../lib/test_maple_tree.c"
 
 #define RCU_RANGE_COUNT 1000
@@ -55,11 +55,33 @@ struct rcu_reader_struct {
 	struct rcu_test_struct2 *test;
 };
 
+static int get_alloc_node_count(struct ma_state *mas)
+{
+	int count = 1;
+	struct maple_alloc *node = mas->alloc;
+
+	if (!node || ((unsigned long)node & 0x1))
+		return 0;
+	while (node->node_count) {
+		count += node->node_count;
+		node = node->slot[0];
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static void check_mas_alloc_node_count(struct ma_state *mas)
+{
+	mas_node_count_gfp(mas, MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	mas_node_count_gfp(mas, MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS + 3, GFP_KERNEL);
+	MT_BUG_ON(mas->tree, get_alloc_node_count(mas) != mas->alloc->total);
+	mas_destroy(mas);
+}
+
 /*
  * check_new_node() - Check the creation of new nodes and error path
  * verification.
  */
-static noinline void check_new_node(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_new_node(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 
 	struct maple_node *mn, *mn2, *mn3;
@@ -69,6 +91,8 @@ static noinline void check_new_node(struct maple_tree *mt)
 
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 0, 0);
 
+	check_mas_alloc_node_count(&mas);
+
 	/* Try allocating 3 nodes */
 	mtree_lock(mt);
 	mt_set_non_kernel(0);
@@ -431,7 +455,7 @@ static noinline void check_new_node(struct maple_tree *mt)
 /*
  * Check erasing including RCU.
  */
-static noinline void check_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
+static noinline void __init check_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
 		void *ptr)
 {
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, mtree_test_erase(mt, index) != ptr);
@@ -441,24 +465,24 @@ static noinline void check_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
 #define erase_check_insert(mt, i) check_insert(mt, set[i], entry[i%2])
 #define erase_check_erase(mt, i) check_erase(mt, set[i], entry[i%2])
 
-static noinline void check_erase_testset(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_erase_testset(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
-	unsigned long set[] = { 5015, 5014, 5017, 25, 1000,
-				1001, 1002, 1003, 1005, 0,
-				6003, 6002, 6008, 6012, 6015,
-				7003, 7002, 7008, 7012, 7015,
-				8003, 8002, 8008, 8012, 8015,
-				9003, 9002, 9008, 9012, 9015,
-				10003, 10002, 10008, 10012, 10015,
-				11003, 11002, 11008, 11012, 11015,
-				12003, 12002, 12008, 12012, 12015,
-				13003, 13002, 13008, 13012, 13015,
-				14003, 14002, 14008, 14012, 14015,
-				15003, 15002, 15008, 15012, 15015,
-			      };
-
-
-	void *ptr = &set;
+	static const unsigned long set[] = { 5015, 5014, 5017, 25, 1000,
+					     1001, 1002, 1003, 1005, 0,
+					     6003, 6002, 6008, 6012, 6015,
+					     7003, 7002, 7008, 7012, 7015,
+					     8003, 8002, 8008, 8012, 8015,
+					     9003, 9002, 9008, 9012, 9015,
+					     10003, 10002, 10008, 10012, 10015,
+					     11003, 11002, 11008, 11012, 11015,
+					     12003, 12002, 12008, 12012, 12015,
+					     13003, 13002, 13008, 13012, 13015,
+					     14003, 14002, 14008, 14012, 14015,
+					     15003, 15002, 15008, 15012, 15015,
+					   };
+
+
+	void *ptr = &check_erase_testset;
 	void *entry[2] = { ptr, mt };
 	void *root_node;
 
@@ -715,7 +739,7 @@ static noinline void check_erase_testset(struct maple_tree *mt)
 int mas_ce2_over_count(struct ma_state *mas_start, struct ma_state *mas_end,
 		      void *s_entry, unsigned long s_min,
 		      void *e_entry, unsigned long e_max,
-		      unsigned long *set, int i, bool null_entry)
+		      const unsigned long *set, int i, bool null_entry)
 {
 	int count = 0, span = 0;
 	unsigned long retry = 0;
@@ -945,8 +969,8 @@ static inline void *mas_range_load(struct ma_state *mas,
 }
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
-static noinline void check_erase2_testset(struct maple_tree *mt,
-		unsigned long *set, unsigned long size)
+static noinline void __init check_erase2_testset(struct maple_tree *mt,
+		const unsigned long *set, unsigned long size)
 {
 	int entry_count = 0;
 	int check = 0;
@@ -1030,7 +1054,7 @@ static noinline void check_erase2_testset(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		if (entry_count)
 			MT_BUG_ON(mt, !mt_height(mt));
 #if check_erase2_debug > 1
-		mt_dump(mt);
+		mt_dump(mt, mt_dump_hex);
 #endif
 #if check_erase2_debug
 		pr_err("Done\n");
@@ -1061,7 +1085,7 @@ static noinline void check_erase2_testset(struct maple_tree *mt,
 		mas_for_each(&mas, foo, ULONG_MAX) {
 			if (xa_is_zero(foo)) {
 				if (addr == mas.index) {
-					mt_dump(mas.tree);
+					mt_dump(mas.tree, mt_dump_hex);
 					pr_err("retry failed %lu - %lu\n",
 						mas.index, mas.last);
 					MT_BUG_ON(mt, 1);
@@ -1090,11 +1114,11 @@ static noinline void check_erase2_testset(struct maple_tree *mt,
 
 
 /* These tests were pulled from KVM tree modifications which failed. */
-static noinline void check_erase2_sets(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_erase2_sets(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	void *entry;
 	unsigned long start = 0;
-	unsigned long set[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140721266458624, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140721266458624, 140737488351231,
@@ -1112,7 +1136,7 @@ ERASE, 140253902692352, 140253902864383,
 STORE, 140253902692352, 140253902696447,
 STORE, 140253902696448, 140253902864383,
 		};
-	unsigned long set2[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set2[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140735933583360, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140735933583360, 140737488351231,
@@ -1136,7 +1160,7 @@ STORE, 140277094813696, 140277094821887,
 STORE, 140277094821888, 140277094825983,
 STORE, 140735933906944, 140735933911039,
 	};
-	unsigned long set3[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set3[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140735790264320, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140735790264320, 140737488351231,
@@ -1179,7 +1203,7 @@ STORE, 47135835840512, 47135835885567,
 STORE, 47135835885568, 47135835893759,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set4[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set4[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140728251703296, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140728251703296, 140737488351231,
@@ -1200,7 +1224,7 @@ ERASE, 47646523277312, 47646523445247,
 STORE, 47646523277312, 47646523400191,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set5[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set5[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140726874062848, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140726874062848, 140737488351231,
@@ -1333,7 +1357,7 @@ STORE, 47884791619584, 47884791623679,
 STORE, 47884791623680, 47884791627775,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set6[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set6[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722999021568, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140722999021568, 140737488351231,
@@ -1465,7 +1489,7 @@ ERASE, 47430432014336, 47430432022527,
 STORE, 47430432014336, 47430432018431,
 STORE, 47430432018432, 47430432022527,
 	};
-	unsigned long set7[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set7[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140729808330752, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140729808330752, 140737488351231,
@@ -1597,7 +1621,7 @@ ERASE, 47439987130368, 47439987138559,
 STORE, 47439987130368, 47439987134463,
 STORE, 47439987134464, 47439987138559,
 	};
-	unsigned long set8[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set8[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722482974720, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140722482974720, 140737488351231,
@@ -1730,7 +1754,7 @@ STORE, 47708488638464, 47708488642559,
 STORE, 47708488642560, 47708488646655,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set9[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set9[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140736427839488, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140736427839488, 140736427839488,
@@ -5596,7 +5620,7 @@ ERASE, 47906195480576, 47906195480576,
 STORE, 94641242615808, 94641242750975,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set10[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set10[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140736427839488, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140736427839488, 140736427839488,
@@ -9460,7 +9484,7 @@ STORE, 139726599680000, 139726599684095,
 ERASE, 47906195480576, 47906195480576,
 STORE, 94641242615808, 94641242750975,
 	};
-	unsigned long set11[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set11[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140732658499584, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140732658499584, 140732658499584,
@@ -9486,7 +9510,7 @@ STORE, 140732658565120, 140732658569215,
 STORE, 140732658552832, 140732658565119,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set12[] = { /* contains 12 values. */
+	static const unsigned long set12[] = { /* contains 12 values. */
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140732658499584, 140737488351231,
 ERASE, 140732658499584, 140732658499584,
@@ -9513,7 +9537,7 @@ STORE, 140732658552832, 140732658565119,
 STORE, 140014592741375, 140014592741375, /* contrived */
 STORE, 140014592733184, 140014592741376, /* creates first entry retry. */
 	};
-	unsigned long set13[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set13[] = {
 STORE, 140373516247040, 140373516251135,/*: ffffa2e7b0e10d80 */
 STORE, 140373516251136, 140373516255231,/*: ffffa2e7b1195d80 */
 STORE, 140373516255232, 140373516443647,/*: ffffa2e7b0e109c0 */
@@ -9526,7 +9550,7 @@ STORE, 140373518684160, 140373518688254,/*: ffffa2e7b05fec00 */
 STORE, 140373518688256, 140373518692351,/*: ffffa2e7bfbdcd80 */
 STORE, 140373518692352, 140373518696447,/*: ffffa2e7b0749e40 */
 	};
-	unsigned long set14[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set14[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140731667996672, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140731668000767, 140737488351231,
@@ -9810,7 +9834,7 @@ SNULL, 139826136543232, 139826136809471,
 STORE, 139826136809472, 139826136842239,
 STORE, 139826136543232, 139826136809471,
 	};
-	unsigned long set15[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set15[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722061451264, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140722061455359, 140737488351231,
@@ -10095,7 +10119,7 @@ STORE, 139906808958976, 139906808991743,
 STORE, 139906808692736, 139906808958975,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set16[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set16[] = {
 STORE, 94174808662016, 94174809321471,
 STORE, 94174811414528, 94174811426815,
 STORE, 94174811426816, 94174811430911,
@@ -10306,7 +10330,7 @@ STORE, 139921865613312, 139921865617407,
 STORE, 139921865547776, 139921865564159,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set17[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set17[] = {
 STORE, 94397057224704, 94397057646591,
 STORE, 94397057650688, 94397057691647,
 STORE, 94397057691648, 94397057695743,
@@ -10368,7 +10392,7 @@ STORE, 140720477511680, 140720477646847,
 STORE, 140720478302208, 140720478314495,
 STORE, 140720478314496, 140720478318591,
 	};
-	unsigned long set18[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set18[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140724953673728, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140724953677823, 140737488351231,
@@ -10401,7 +10425,7 @@ STORE, 140222970597376, 140222970605567,
 ERASE, 140222970597376, 140222970605567,
 STORE, 140222970597376, 140222970605567,
 	};
-	unsigned long set19[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set19[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140725182459904, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140725182463999, 140737488351231,
@@ -10670,7 +10694,7 @@ STORE, 140656836775936, 140656836780031,
 STORE, 140656787476480, 140656791920639,
 ERASE, 140656774639616, 140656779083775,
 	};
-	unsigned long set20[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set20[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140735952392192, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140735952396287, 140737488351231,
@@ -10826,7 +10850,7 @@ STORE, 140590386819072, 140590386823167,
 STORE, 140590386823168, 140590386827263,
 SNULL, 140590376591359, 140590376595455,
 	};
-	unsigned long set21[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set21[] = {
 STORE, 93874710941696, 93874711363583,
 STORE, 93874711367680, 93874711408639,
 STORE, 93874711408640, 93874711412735,
@@ -10896,7 +10920,7 @@ ERASE, 140708393312256, 140708393316351,
 ERASE, 140708393308160, 140708393312255,
 ERASE, 140708393291776, 140708393308159,
 	};
-	unsigned long set22[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set22[] = {
 STORE, 93951397134336, 93951397183487,
 STORE, 93951397183488, 93951397728255,
 STORE, 93951397728256, 93951397826559,
@@ -11023,7 +11047,7 @@ STORE, 140551361253376, 140551361519615,
 ERASE, 140551361253376, 140551361519615,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set23[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set23[] = {
 STORE, 94014447943680, 94014448156671,
 STORE, 94014450253824, 94014450257919,
 STORE, 94014450257920, 94014450266111,
@@ -14347,7 +14371,7 @@ SNULL, 140175956627455, 140175985139711,
 STORE, 140175927242752, 140175956627455,
 STORE, 140175956627456, 140175985139711,
 	};
-	unsigned long set24[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set24[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140735281639424, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140735281643519, 140737488351231,
@@ -15509,7 +15533,7 @@ ERASE, 139635393024000, 139635401412607,
 ERASE, 139635384627200, 139635384631295,
 ERASE, 139635384631296, 139635393019903,
 	};
-	unsigned long set25[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set25[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140737488343040, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722547441664, 140737488351231,
@@ -22297,7 +22321,7 @@ STORE, 140249652703232, 140249682087935,
 STORE, 140249682087936, 140249710600191,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set26[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set26[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140729464770560, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140729464774655, 140737488351231,
@@ -22321,7 +22345,7 @@ ERASE, 140109040951296, 140109040959487,
 STORE, 140109040955392, 140109040959487,
 ERASE, 140109040955392, 140109040959487,
 	};
-	unsigned long set27[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set27[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140726128070656, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140726128074751, 140737488351231,
@@ -22717,7 +22741,7 @@ STORE, 140415509696512, 140415535910911,
 ERASE, 140415537422336, 140415562588159,
 STORE, 140415482433536, 140415509696511,
 	};
-	unsigned long set28[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set28[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722475622400, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140722475626495, 140737488351231,
@@ -22785,7 +22809,7 @@ STORE, 139918413348864, 139918413352959,
 ERASE, 139918413316096, 139918413344767,
 STORE, 93865848528896, 93865848664063,
 	};
-	unsigned long set29[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set29[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140734467944448, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140734467948543, 140737488351231,
@@ -23660,7 +23684,7 @@ ERASE, 140143079972864, 140143088361471,
 ERASE, 140143205793792, 140143205797887,
 ERASE, 140143205797888, 140143214186495,
 	};
-	unsigned long set30[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set30[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140733436743680, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140733436747775, 140737488351231,
@@ -24542,7 +24566,7 @@ ERASE, 140165225893888, 140165225897983,
 ERASE, 140165225897984, 140165234286591,
 ERASE, 140165058105344, 140165058109439,
 	};
-	unsigned long set31[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set31[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140730890784768, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140730890788863, 140737488351231,
@@ -25355,7 +25379,7 @@ ERASE, 140623906590720, 140623914979327,
 ERASE, 140622950277120, 140622950281215,
 ERASE, 140622950281216, 140622958669823,
 	};
-	unsigned long set32[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set32[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140731244212224, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140731244216319, 140737488351231,
@@ -26151,7 +26175,7 @@ ERASE, 140400417288192, 140400425676799,
 ERASE, 140400283066368, 140400283070463,
 ERASE, 140400283070464, 140400291459071,
 	};
-	unsigned long set33[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set33[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140734562918400, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140734562922495, 140737488351231,
@@ -26293,7 +26317,7 @@ STORE, 140582961786880, 140583003750399,
 ERASE, 140582961786880, 140583003750399,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set34[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set34[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140731327180800, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140731327184895, 140737488351231,
@@ -27174,7 +27198,7 @@ ERASE, 140012522094592, 140012530483199,
 ERASE, 140012033142784, 140012033146879,
 ERASE, 140012033146880, 140012041535487,
 	};
-	unsigned long set35[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set35[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140730536939520, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140730536943615, 140737488351231,
@@ -27931,7 +27955,7 @@ ERASE, 140474471936000, 140474480324607,
 ERASE, 140474396430336, 140474396434431,
 ERASE, 140474396434432, 140474404823039,
 	};
-	unsigned long set36[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set36[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140723893125120, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140723893129215, 140737488351231,
@@ -28792,7 +28816,7 @@ ERASE, 140121890357248, 140121898745855,
 ERASE, 140121269587968, 140121269592063,
 ERASE, 140121269592064, 140121277980671,
 	};
-	unsigned long set37[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set37[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140722404016128, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140722404020223, 140737488351231,
@@ -28918,7 +28942,7 @@ STORE, 139759821246464, 139759888355327,
 ERASE, 139759821246464, 139759888355327,
 ERASE, 139759888355328, 139759955464191,
 	};
-	unsigned long set38[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set38[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140730666221568, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140730666225663, 140737488351231,
@@ -29728,7 +29752,7 @@ ERASE, 140613504712704, 140613504716799,
 ERASE, 140613504716800, 140613513105407,
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set39[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set39[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140736271417344, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140736271421439, 140737488351231,
@@ -30100,7 +30124,7 @@ STORE, 140325364428800, 140325372821503,
 STORE, 140325356036096, 140325364428799,
 SNULL, 140325364432895, 140325372821503,
 	};
-	unsigned long set40[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set40[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140734309167104, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140734309171199, 140737488351231,
@@ -30851,7 +30875,7 @@ ERASE, 140320289300480, 140320289304575,
 ERASE, 140320289304576, 140320297693183,
 ERASE, 140320163409920, 140320163414015,
 	};
-	unsigned long set41[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set41[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140728157171712, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140728157175807, 140737488351231,
@@ -31161,7 +31185,7 @@ STORE, 94376135090176, 94376135094271,
 STORE, 94376135094272, 94376135098367,
 SNULL, 94376135094272, 94377208836095,
 	};
-	unsigned long set42[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set42[] = {
 STORE, 314572800, 1388314623,
 STORE, 1462157312, 1462169599,
 STORE, 1462169600, 1462185983,
@@ -33838,7 +33862,7 @@ SNULL, 3798999040, 3799101439,
  */
 	};
 
-	unsigned long set43[] = {
+	static const unsigned long set43[] = {
 STORE, 140737488347136, 140737488351231,
 STORE, 140734187720704, 140737488351231,
 SNULL, 140734187724800, 140737488351231,
@@ -34489,7 +34513,7 @@ static void *rcu_reader_rev(void *ptr)
 			if (mas.index != r_start) {
 				alt = xa_mk_value(index + i * 2 + 1 +
 						  RCU_RANGE_COUNT);
-				mt_dump(test->mt);
+				mt_dump(test->mt, mt_dump_dec);
 				printk("Error: %lu-%lu %p != %lu-%lu %p %p line %d i %d\n",
 				       mas.index, mas.last, entry,
 				       r_start, r_end, expected, alt,
@@ -34972,7 +34996,7 @@ void run_check_rcu_slowread(struct maple_tree *mt, struct rcu_test_struct *vals)
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !vals->seen_entry3);
 	MT_BUG_ON(mt, !vals->seen_both);
 }
-static noinline void check_rcu_simulated(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_rcu_simulated(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, nr_entries = 1000;
 	unsigned long target = 4320;
@@ -35133,7 +35157,7 @@ static noinline void check_rcu_simulated(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	rcu_unregister_thread();
 }
 
-static noinline void check_rcu_threaded(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_rcu_threaded(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, nr_entries = 1000;
 	struct rcu_test_struct vals;
@@ -35235,6 +35259,7 @@ static void mas_dfs_preorder(struct ma_state *mas)
 
 	struct maple_enode *prev;
 	unsigned char end, slot = 0;
+	unsigned long *pivots;
 
 	if (mas->node == MAS_START) {
 		mas_start(mas);
@@ -35267,6 +35292,9 @@ static void mas_dfs_preorder(struct ma_state *mas)
 		mas_ascend(mas);
 		goto walk_up;
 	}
+	pivots = ma_pivots(mte_to_node(prev), mte_node_type(prev));
+	mas->max = mas_safe_pivot(mas, pivots, slot, mte_node_type(prev));
+	mas->min = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, slot);
 
 	return;
 done:
@@ -35342,7 +35370,7 @@ static void check_dfs_preorder(struct maple_tree *mt)
 /* End of depth first search tests */
 
 /* Preallocation testing */
-static noinline void check_prealloc(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_prealloc(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, max = 100;
 	unsigned long allocated;
@@ -35470,7 +35498,7 @@ static noinline void check_prealloc(struct maple_tree *mt)
 /* End of preallocation testing */
 
 /* Spanning writes, writes that span nodes and layers of the tree */
-static noinline void check_spanning_write(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_spanning_write(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, max = 5000;
 	MA_STATE(mas, mt, 1200, 2380);
@@ -35638,7 +35666,7 @@ static noinline void check_spanning_write(struct maple_tree *mt)
 /* End of spanning write testing */
 
 /* Writes to a NULL area that are adjacent to other NULLs */
-static noinline void check_null_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_null_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	unsigned long i, max = 100;
 	unsigned char data_end;
@@ -35699,7 +35727,7 @@ static noinline void check_null_expand(struct maple_tree *mt)
 /* End of NULL area expansions */
 
 /* Checking for no memory is best done outside the kernel */
-static noinline void check_nomem(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_nomem(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	MA_STATE(ms, mt, 1, 1);
 
@@ -35734,7 +35762,7 @@ static noinline void check_nomem(struct maple_tree *mt)
 	mtree_destroy(mt);
 }
 
-static noinline void check_locky(struct maple_tree *mt)
+static noinline void __init check_locky(struct maple_tree *mt)
 {
 	MA_STATE(ms, mt, 2, 2);
 	MA_STATE(reader, mt, 2, 2);
@@ -35756,10 +35784,10 @@ void farmer_tests(void)
 	struct maple_node *node;
 	DEFINE_MTREE(tree);
 
-	mt_dump(&tree);
+	mt_dump(&tree, mt_dump_dec);
 
 	tree.ma_root = xa_mk_value(0);
-	mt_dump(&tree);
+	mt_dump(&tree, mt_dump_dec);
 
 	node = mt_alloc_one(GFP_KERNEL);
 	node->parent = (void *)((unsigned long)(&tree) | 1);
@@ -35769,7 +35797,7 @@ void farmer_tests(void)
 	node->mr64.pivot[1] = 1;
 	node->mr64.pivot[2] = 0;
 	tree.ma_root = mt_mk_node(node, maple_leaf_64);
-	mt_dump(&tree);
+	mt_dump(&tree, mt_dump_dec);
 
 	node->parent = ma_parent_ptr(node);
 	ma_free_rcu(node);
diff --git a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
index 4ec97f72f..bad41a295 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ typedef void (*on_lock_fn_t)(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned long start,
 typedef void (*on_unlock_fn_t)(struct kvm *kvm);
 
 struct kvm_hva_range {
+	void *args;
 	unsigned long start;
 	unsigned long end;
 	pte_t pte;
@@ -546,6 +547,7 @@ struct kvm_hva_range {
 	on_unlock_fn_t on_unlock;
 	bool flush_on_ret;
 	bool may_block;
+	bool lockless;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -599,6 +601,8 @@ static __always_inline int __kvm_handle_hva_range(struct kvm *kvm,
 			hva_end = min(range->end, slot->userspace_addr +
 						  (slot->npages << PAGE_SHIFT));
 
+			gfn_range.args = range->args;
+
 			/*
 			 * To optimize for the likely case where the address
 			 * range is covered by zero or one memslots, don't
@@ -616,7 +620,7 @@ static __always_inline int __kvm_handle_hva_range(struct kvm *kvm,
 			gfn_range.end = hva_to_gfn_memslot(hva_end + PAGE_SIZE - 1, slot);
 			gfn_range.slot = slot;
 
-			if (!locked) {
+			if (!range->lockless && !locked) {
 				locked = true;
 				KVM_MMU_LOCK(kvm);
 				if (!IS_KVM_NULL_FN(range->on_lock))
@@ -625,6 +629,9 @@ static __always_inline int __kvm_handle_hva_range(struct kvm *kvm,
 					break;
 			}
 			ret |= range->handler(kvm, &gfn_range);
+
+			if (range->lockless && ret)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -664,25 +671,6 @@ static __always_inline int kvm_handle_hva_range(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
 	return __kvm_handle_hva_range(kvm, &range);
 }
 
-static __always_inline int kvm_handle_hva_range_no_flush(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
-							 unsigned long start,
-							 unsigned long end,
-							 hva_handler_t handler)
-{
-	struct kvm *kvm = mmu_notifier_to_kvm(mn);
-	const struct kvm_hva_range range = {
-		.start		= start,
-		.end		= end,
-		.pte		= __pte(0),
-		.handler	= handler,
-		.on_lock	= (void *)kvm_null_fn,
-		.on_unlock	= (void *)kvm_null_fn,
-		.flush_on_ret	= false,
-		.may_block	= false,
-	};
-
-	return __kvm_handle_hva_range(kvm, &range);
-}
 static void kvm_mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
 					struct mm_struct *mm,
 					unsigned long address,
@@ -844,37 +832,70 @@ static int kvm_mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
 	return kvm_handle_hva_range(mn, start, end, __pte(0), kvm_age_gfn);
 }
 
-static int kvm_mmu_notifier_clear_young(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
-					struct mm_struct *mm,
-					unsigned long start,
-					unsigned long end)
+struct test_clear_young_args {
+	unsigned long *bitmap;
+	unsigned long end;
+	bool clear;
+	bool young;
+};
+
+bool kvm_should_clear_young(struct kvm_gfn_range *range, gfn_t gfn)
 {
-	trace_kvm_age_hva(start, end);
+	struct test_clear_young_args *args = range->args;
 
-	/*
-	 * Even though we do not flush TLB, this will still adversely
-	 * affect performance on pre-Haswell Intel EPT, where there is
-	 * no EPT Access Bit to clear so that we have to tear down EPT
-	 * tables instead. If we find this unacceptable, we can always
-	 * add a parameter to kvm_age_hva so that it effectively doesn't
-	 * do anything on clear_young.
-	 *
-	 * Also note that currently we never issue secondary TLB flushes
-	 * from clear_young, leaving this job up to the regular system
-	 * cadence. If we find this inaccurate, we might come up with a
-	 * more sophisticated heuristic later.
-	 */
-	return kvm_handle_hva_range_no_flush(mn, start, end, kvm_age_gfn);
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(gfn < range->start || gfn >= range->end);
+
+	args->young = true;
+
+	if (args->bitmap) {
+		int offset = hva_to_gfn_memslot(args->end - 1, range->slot) - gfn;
+
+		if (args->clear)
+			return test_bit(offset, args->bitmap);
+
+		__set_bit(offset, args->bitmap);
+	}
+
+	return args->clear;
 }
 
-static int kvm_mmu_notifier_test_young(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
-				       struct mm_struct *mm,
-				       unsigned long address)
+static int kvm_mmu_notifier_test_clear_young(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm,
+					     unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+					     bool clear, unsigned long *bitmap)
 {
-	trace_kvm_test_age_hva(address);
+	struct kvm *kvm = mmu_notifier_to_kvm(mn);
+	struct kvm_hva_range range = {
+		.start		= start,
+		.end		= end,
+		.on_lock	= (void *)kvm_null_fn,
+		.on_unlock	= (void *)kvm_null_fn,
+	};
+
+	trace_kvm_age_hva(start, end);
+
+	if (kvm_arch_has_test_clear_young()) {
+		struct test_clear_young_args args = {
+			.bitmap	= bitmap,
+			.end	= end,
+			.clear	= clear,
+		};
+
+		range.args = &args;
+		range.lockless = true;
+		range.handler = kvm_arch_test_clear_young;
+
+		if (!__kvm_handle_hva_range(kvm, &range))
+			return args.young ? MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_LOCKLESS : 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bitmap)
+		return 0;
+
+	range.args = NULL;
+	range.lockless = false;
+	range.handler = clear ? kvm_age_gfn : kvm_test_age_gfn;
 
-	return kvm_handle_hva_range_no_flush(mn, address, address + 1,
-					     kvm_test_age_gfn);
+	return __kvm_handle_hva_range(kvm, &range) ? MMU_NOTIFIER_RANGE_YOUNG : 0;
 }
 
 static void kvm_mmu_notifier_release(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
@@ -893,8 +914,7 @@ static const struct mmu_notifier_ops kvm_mmu_notifier_ops = {
 	.invalidate_range_start	= kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start,
 	.invalidate_range_end	= kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end,
 	.clear_flush_young	= kvm_mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young,
-	.clear_young		= kvm_mmu_notifier_clear_young,
-	.test_young		= kvm_mmu_notifier_test_young,
+	.test_clear_young	= kvm_mmu_notifier_test_clear_young,
 	.change_pte		= kvm_mmu_notifier_change_pte,
 	.release		= kvm_mmu_notifier_release,
 };
-- 
2.41.0.rc2

Places

File _service:download_files:0001-mm-6.3-add-maple-tree-and-mglru-fixes.patch of Package linux-px (Revision 14bacb2120ed7924c64f4c0d4b5c7244)

Places