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File pck00008.tpc of Package python-skyfield
KPL/PCK P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file =========================================================================== By: Nat Bachman (NAIF) 2004 September 21 File Organization -------------------------------------------------------- The contents of this file are as follows. Introductory Information: -- File Organization -- Version description -- Disclaimer -- Sources -- Explanation -- Body numbers and names PcK Data: Orientation Data ---------------- -- Orientation constants for the Sun and planets. Additional items included in this section: - Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole values for epochs 1945-2000 - Mars prime meridian offset "lambda_a" -- Orientation constants for satellites -- Orientation constants for asteroids Gaspra, Ida, Vesta, and Eros Radii of Bodies --------------- -- Radii of Sun and planets -- Radii of satellites, where available -- Radii of asteroids Gaspra, Ida, Kleopatra, and Eros Version description -------------------------------------------------------- This file was created on September 21, 2004. This version incorporates data from reference [2]: "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000." Note that the 2003 version of this report is as yet unpublished. This file contains size, shape, and orientation data for all objects described by the previous version of the file, plus data for the asteroids Vesta, Kleopatra, and Eros. Disclaimer -------------------------------------------------------- Applicability of Data This constants file may not contain the parameter values that you prefer. Note that this file may be readily modified by you or anyone else. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file visually before proceeding with any critical or extended data processing. File Modifications by Users NAIF requests that you update the "by line" and date if you modify this file. Known Limitations and Caveats In general, the orientation models given here are claimed by the IAU/IAG Working Group Report [2] to be accurate to 0.1 degree ([2], p.85). However, NAIF notes that orientation models for natural satellites and asteroids have in some cases changed substantially with the availability of new observational data, so users are urged to investigate the suitability for their applications of the models presented here. NAIF strongly cautions against using the earth rotation model (from [2]) given here for work demanding high accuracy. This model has been determined by NAIF to have an error in the prime meridian location of magnitude at least 150 arcseconds, with a local minimum occurring during the year 1999. Regarding availability of better earth orientation data for use with the SPICE system: Earth orientation data are available from NAIF in the form of binary earth PCK files. NAIF employs an automated process to create these files; each time JPL's section 335 produces a new earth orientation parameter (EOP) file, a new PCK is produced. These PCKs cover a 12-month time span starting about nine months prior to the current date. In these PCK files, the following effects are accounted for in modeling the earth's rotation: - Precession: 1976 IAU model - Nutation: 1980 IAU model, plus interpolated EOP nutation corrections - Polar motion: interpolated from EOP file - True sidereal time: + UT1 - UT1R (if needed): given by analytic formula + TAI - UT1 (or UT1R): interpolated from EOP file + UT1 - GMST: given by analytic formula + equation of equinoxes: given by analytic formula where TAI = International Atomic Time UT1 = Greenwich hour angle of computed mean sun - 12h UT1R = Regularized UT1 GMST = Greenwich mean sidereal time These kernels are available via anonymous ftp from the server naif.jpl.nasa.gov The kernels are in the path pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck At this time, these kernels have file names of the form earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc The second and third dates are, respectively, the file's coverage end time and the epoch of the last datum. These binary PCK files are very accurate (error < 0.1 microradian) for epochs preceding the epoch of the last datum. For later epochs, the error rises to several microradians. Binary PCK files giving accurate earth orientation back to 1972 and *low accuracy* predicted earth orientation to 2023 are also available in the same location. How does the rotation model used in the long term predict binary earth PCK compare to that used in this file? Because of the unpredictability of the earth's orientation, in particular of its spin, it's not possible to answer with certainty. However, we can make these observations: - The long term predict binary PCK presumably does a better job of predicting the orientation of the earth's equator since the binary PCK accounts for nutation and the model from [2] does not. - The prime meridian error in the model from [2] amounts to, at a minimum, about 10 seconds of rotation. It should take years for the spin error of the binary long term predict PCK to grow as large. Characteristics and names of the binary kernels described here are subject to change. Contact NAIF for details concerning binary earth PCKs. The SPICE Toolkit doesn't currently contain software to model the earth's north geomagnetic centered dipole as a function of time. As a convenience for users, the north dipole location from the J2000 epoch was selected as a representative datum, and the planetocentric longitude and latitude of this location have been associated with the keywords BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT Values for the earth's north geomagnetic centered dipole are presented in comments as a discrete time series for the time range 1945-2000. For details concerning the the geomagnetic field model from which these values were derived, including a discussion of the model's accuracy, see [13]. The Mars prime meridian offset given by [10] is not used by SPICE geometry software for computations involving the shape of Mars (for example, in sub-observer point or surface intercept computations). The value is provided for informational purposes only. SPICE Toolkits prior to version N0057 cannot make use of trigonometric polynomial terms in the formulas for orientation of the planets. The only planet for which such terms are used is Neptune. Use of trigonometric polynomial terms for natural satellites is and has been supported for all SPICE Toolkit versions. Sources -------------------------------------------------------- The sources for the constants listed in this file are: [1] Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., Cruikshank, D.P., Hilton, J.L., Keller, H.U., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., Stooke, P., Tholen, D.J., and Thomas, P.C. "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2003," Unpublished. [2] Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., Bergh, C. de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C. (2002). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.82, Issue 1, pp. 83-111. [3] Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Kinoshita, H., Kirk, R.L., Lieske, J.H., Marov, M.Ya., Seidelmann, P.K., and Simon, J.-L. "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1997," Unpublished. [4] Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Lieske, J.H., Morando, B., Morrison, D., Seidelmann, P.K., Sinclair, A.T., Yallop, B., and Tjuflin, Y.S. (1996). "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1994," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.63, pp. 127-148. [5] Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Brahic, A., Bursa, M., Chovitz., B.H., Lieske, J.H., Seidelmann, P.K., Sinclair, A.T., and Tiuflin, I.S. (1992). "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1991," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.53, no.4, pp. 377-397. [6] Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Hunt, G.E., and Lieske, J.H. (1989). "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1988," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.46, no.2, pp. 187-204. [7] Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory and H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (2005). "The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2005," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.: and The Stationary Office, London. [8] Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory, H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Bureau des Longitudes, and The Time Service and Astronomy Departments, United States Naval Observatory (1992). "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac," P. Kenneth Seidelmann, ed. University Science Books, 20 Edgehill Road, Mill Valley, CA 9494. [9] Duxbury, Thomas C. (2001). "IAU/IAG 2000 Mars Cartographic Conventions," presentation to the Mars Express Data Archive Working Group, Dec. 14, 2001. [10] Russell, C.T. and Luhmann, J.G. (1990). "Earth: Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere." <http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla. edu/personnel/russell/papers/earth_mag>. Originally published in "Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences," J.H. Shirley and R.W. Fainbridge, eds. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 208-211. [11] Russell, C.T. (1971). "Geophysical Coordinate Transformations," Cosmic Electrodynamics 2 184-186. NAIF document 181.0. [12] ESA/ESTEC Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) (2003). Web page: "Dipole approximations of the geomagnetic field." <http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/ help/background/magfield/cd.html>. [13] International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy and International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (2004). Web page: "The 9th Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field." <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ IAGA/vmod/igrf.html>. [14] Duxbury, Thomas C. (1979). "Planetary Geodetic Control Using Satellite Imaging," Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 84, no. B3. This paper is cataloged as NAIF document 190.0. [15] Letter from Thomas C. Duxbury to Dr. Ephraim Lazeryevich Akim, Keldish Institute of Applied Mathematics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. This letter is cataloged as NAIF document number 195.0. [16] "Placeholder" values were supplied by NAIF for some radii of the bodies listed below: Body NAIF ID code ---- ------------ Metis 516 Helene 612 Larissa 807 See the discussion below for further information. Most values are from [2]. All exceptions are commented where they occur in this file. The exceptions are: -- Radii for the Sun are from [7]. -- The second nutation precession angle (M2) for Mars is represented by a quadratic polynomial in the 2000 IAU report. The SPICELIB subroutine BODEUL can not handle this term (which is extremely small), so we truncate the polynomial to a linear one. -- For several satellites, the 2000 IAU report either gives a single radius value or a polar radius and a single equatorial radius. SPICE Toolkit software that uses body radii expects to find three radii whenever these data are read from the kernel pool. In the cases listed below, NAIF has used the mean radius value for all three radii. Wherever this was done, the fact has been noted. The affected satellites are: Body NAIF ID code ---- ------------ Metis 516 Helene 612 Larissa 807 -- Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole values are from [12]. The article [10] was used to check most of these values, and the values were also re-computed from the 9th generation IGRF [13] by Nat Bachman. -- The Mars prime meridian offset angle is from [9]. "Old values" listed are from the SPICE P_constants file dated April 24, 2000. Most of these values came from the 1994 IAU report [4]. Explanation -------------------------------------------------------- The SPICE Toolkit software that uses this file is documented in the SPICE "Required Reading" file pck.req. For a terse description of the PCK file format, see the section below titled "File Format." See the SPICE "Required Reading" file kernel.req for a detailed explanation of the SPICE text kernel file format. The files pck.req and kernel.req are included in the documentation provided with the SPICE Toolkit. This file, which is logically part of the SPICE P-kernel, contains constants used to model the orientation, size and shape of the Sun, planets, and satellites. The orientation models express the direction of the pole and location of the prime meridian of a body as a function of time. The size/shape models ("shape models" for short) represent all bodies as ellipsoids, using two equatorial radii and a polar radius. Spheroids and spheres are obtained when two or all three radii are equal. File Format This file consists of a series of comment blocks and data blocks. Comment blocks, which contain free-form descriptive or explanatory text, are preceded by a \begintext token. Data blocks follow a \begindata token. In order to be recognized, each token shown here must be placed on a line by itself. The portion of the file preceding the first data block is treated as a comment block; it doesn't require an initial comment block token. This file identifies data using a series of KEYWORD = VALUE assignments. The left hand side of each assignment is a "kernel variable" name; the right hand side is an associated value or list of values. The SPICE subroutine API allows SPICE routines and user applications to retrieve the set of values associated with each kernel variable name. Kernel variable names are case-sensitive and are limited to 32 characters in length. Numeric values may be integer or floating point. String values are normally limited to 80 characters in length; however, SPICE provides a mechanism for identifying longer, "continued" strings. See the SPICE routine STPOOL for details. String values are single quoted. When the right hand side of an assignment is a list of values, the list items may be separated by commas or simply by blanks. The list must be bracketed by parentheses. Example: BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 ) Any blanks preceding or following keyword names, values and equal sign are ignored. Assignments may be spread over multiple lines, for example: BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 ) This file may contain blank lines anywhere. Non-printing characters including TAB should not be present in the file: the presence of such characters may make the file unreadable by SPICE software. Time systems and reference frames The 2000 IAU/IAG Working Group Report [1] states that, to the accuracy of the formulas given, the time system used may be regarded as any of TDB (Barycentric Dynamical Time), TT (Terrestrial time, formerly called TDT), or T_eph (the independent variable of the JPL planetary ephemerides). Reference [2], from which most data in this report were taken, erroneously identifies the time system as TCB (Barycentric Coordinate Time). SPICE software treats the time system used in this file as T_eph, but for historical reasons SPICE documentation refers to the time system as both "ET" and "TDB." For consistency, documentation in this version of the file retains use of the name TDB. The origin of the time system is 2000 January 1 12:00:00 (TDB). Throughout SPICE documentation and in this file, we use the names "J2000 TDB" and "J2000" for this epoch. The name "J2000.0" is equivalent. The inertial reference frame used for the rotational elements in this file is identified by [1] as the ICRF (International Celestial Reference Frame). In this file, the frame is treated as J2000. The difference between the J2000 frame and the ICRF is on the order of tens of milliarcseconds and is well below the accuracy level of the formulas in this file. Orientation models All of the orientation models use three Euler angles to describe body orientation. To be precise, the Euler angles describe the orientation of the coordinate axes of the "Body Equator and Prime Meridian" system with respect to an inertial system. By default, the inertial system is J2000 (also called "EME2000"), but other frames can be specified in the file. See the PCK Required Reading for details. The first two angles, in order, are the J2000 right ascension and declination (henceforth RA and DEC) of the north pole of a body as a function of time. The third angle is the prime meridian location (represented by "W"), which is expressed as a rotation about the north pole, and is also a function of time. For the Sun and planets, the expressions for the north pole's right ascension and declination, as well as prime meridian location, are sums (as far as the models that appear in this file are concerned) of quadratic polynomials and trigonometric polynomials, where the independent variable is time. Some coefficients may be zero. Currently Neptune is the only planet for which trigonometric polynomial terms are used. In this file, the time arguments in expressions always refer to Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB), measured in centuries or days past a reference epoch. By default, the reference epoch is the J2000 epoch, which is Julian ephemeris date 2451545.0, but other epochs can be specified in the file. See the PCK Required Reading for details. Example: 1991 IAU Model for orientation of the Earth. Note that these values are used as an example only; see the data area below for current values. alpha = 0.00 - 0.641 T ( RA ) 0 delta = 90.0 - 0.557 T ( DEC ) 0 W = 190.16 + 360.9856235 d ( Prime meridian ) T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ), d represents days past J2000 ( TDB ). In this file, the polynomials' coefficients above are assigned to the symbols BODY399_POLE_RA BODY399_POLE_DEC BODY399_POLE_PM as follows: BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. ) BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( 90. -0.557 0. ) BODY399_PM = ( 190.16 360.9856235 0. ) Note the number "399"; this is the NAIF ID code for the Earth. You'll see an additional symbol grouped with the ones listed here; it is BODY399_LONG_AXIS This term is zero for all bodies except Mars. It represents the angular offset between the meridian containing the longest axis of the triaxial ellipsoid used to model a body and the prime meridian of the body. Expressions for satellites are a little more complicated; in addition to polynomial terms, there are trigonometric terms. The arguments of the trigonometric terms are linear polynomials. In this file, we call the arguments of these trigonometric terms "nutation precession angles." In this file, the polynomial expressions for the nutation precession angles are listed along with the planet's RA, DEC, and prime meridian terms. Example: 1991 IAU nutation precession angles for Earth. Note that these values are used as an example only; see the data area below for current values. E1 = 125.045 - 0.052992 d E2 = 250.090 - 0.105984 d E3 = 260.008 + 13.012001 d E4 = 176.625 + 13.340716 d E5 = 357.529 + 0.985600 d d represents days past J2000 ( TDB ) Because the SPICE Toolkit software expects the time units for the angles to be CENTURIES (as in the IAU models for most bodies--the Earth is an exception), the linear coefficients are scaled by 36525.0 (days/century) in the assignments: BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5328 250.090 -3871.0656 260.008 475263.336525 176.625 487269.6519 357.529 35999.04 ) As stated above, the satellite orientation models use polynomial and trigonometric terms, where the arguments of the trigonometric terms are the "nutation precession angles." Example: 1988 IAU values for the Moon. Again, these values are used as an example only; see the data area below for current values. alpha = 270.000 + 0.003 T - 3.878 sin(E1) - 0.120 sin(E2) 0 + 0.070 sin(E3) - 0.017 sin(E4) (RA) delta = 66.541 + 0.013 T + 1.543 cos(E1) + 0.024 cos(E2) 0 - 0.028 cos(E3) + 0.007 cos(E4) (DEC) W = 38.317 + 13.1763582 d + 3.558 sin(E1) + 0.121 sin(E2) - 0.064 sin(E3) + 0.016 sin(E4) + 0.025 sin(E5) ( Prime meridian ) d represents days past J2000. E1--E5 are the nutation precession angles. The polynomial terms are assigned to symbols by the statements BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 270.000 0.003 0. ) BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.541 0.013 0. ) BODY301_PM = ( 38.317 13.1763582 0. ) The coefficients of the trigonometric terms are assigned to symbols by the statements BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.878 -0.120 0.070 -0.017 0. ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.543 0.024 -0.028 0.007 0. ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.558 0.121 -0.064 0.016 0.025 ) Note that for the RA and PM (prime meridian) assignments, the ith term is the coefficient of sin(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model, while for the DEC assignment, the ith term is the coefficient of cos(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model. SPICE software expects the models for satellite orientation to follow the form of the model shown here: the polynomial portions of the RA, DEC, and W expressions are expected to be quadratic, the trigonometric terms for RA and W (satellite prime meridian) are expected to be linear combinations of sines of nutation precession angles, the trigonometric terms for DEC are expected to be linear combinations of cosines of nutation precession angles, and the polynomials for the nutation precession angles themselves are expected to be linear. Eventually, the software will handle more complex expressions, we expect. Shape models There is only one kind of shape model supported by the SPICE Toolkit software at present: the triaxial ellipsoid. The 2000 IAU report does not use any other models, except in the case of Mars, where separate values are given for the north and south polar radii. For each body, three radii are listed: The first number is the largest equatorial radius (the length of the semi-axis containing the prime meridian), the second number is the smaller equatorial radius, and the third is the polar radius. Example: Radii of the Earth. BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 ) Body numbers and names -------------------------------------------------------- 1 Mercury barycenter 2 Venus barycenter 3 Earth barycenter 4 Mars barycenter 5 Jupiter barycenter 6 Saturn barycenter 7 Uranus barycenter 8 Neptune barycenter 9 Pluto barycenter 10 Sun While not relevant to the P_constants kernel, we note here for completeness that 0 is used to represent the solar system barycenter. 199 Mercury 299 Venus 399 Earth 301 Moon 499 Mars 401 Phobos 402 Deimos 599 Jupiter 501 Io 502 Europa 503 Ganymede 504 Callisto 505 Amalthea 506 Himalia 507 Elara 508 Pasiphae 509 Sinope 510 Lysithea 511 Carme 512 Ananke 513 Leda 514 Thebe 515 Adrastea 516 Metis 699 Saturn 601 Mimas 602 Enceladus 603 Tethys 604 Dione 605 Rhea 606 Titan 607 Hyperion 608 Iapetus 609 Phoebe 610 Janus 611 Epimetheus 612 Helene 613 Telesto 614 Calypso 615 Atlas 616 Prometheus 617 Pandora 618 Pan 799 Uranus 701 Ariel 702 Umbriel 703 Titania 704 Oberon 705 Miranda 706 Cordelia 707 Ophelia 708 Bianca 709 Cressida 710 Desdemona 711 Juliet 712 Portia 713 Rosalind 714 Belinda 715 Puck 899 Neptune 801 Triton 802 Nereid 803 Naiad 804 Thalassa 805 Despina 806 Galatea 807 Larissa 808 Proteus 999 Pluto 901 Charon 2000004 Asteroid Vesta 2000216 Asteroid Kleopatra 2000433 Asteroid Eros 2431010 Asteroid Ida 9511010 Asteroid Gaspra Orientation constants for the Sun and planets -------------------------------------------------------- Sun Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY10_POLE_RA = ( 286.13 0. 0. ) BODY10_POLE_DEC = ( 63.87 0. 0. ) BODY10_PM = ( 84.10 14.18440 0. ) BODY10_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Mercury Old values: body199_pole_ra = ( 281.01, -0.033, 0. ) body199_pole_dec = ( 61.45, -0.005, 0. ) body199_pm = ( 329.55 6.1385025 0. ) body199_long_axis = ( 0. ) Current values: \begindata BODY199_POLE_RA = ( 281.01 -0.033 0. ) BODY199_POLE_DEC = ( 61.45 -0.005 0. ) BODY199_PM = ( 329.548 6.1385025 0. ) BODY199_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Venus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY299_POLE_RA = ( 272.76 0. 0. ) BODY299_POLE_DEC = ( 67.16 0. 0. ) BODY299_PM = ( 160.20 -1.4813688 0. ) BODY299_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Earth Old values: Values shown are from the 1994 IAU report [4]. body399_pole_ra = ( 0. -0.641 0. ) body399_pole_dec = ( 90. -0.557 0. ) body399_pm = ( 190.16 360.9856235 0. ) body399_long_axis = ( 0. ) Nutation precession angles are unchanged in the 2000 report. Current values: \begindata BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. ) BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( 90. -0.557 0. ) BODY399_PM = ( 190.147 360.9856235 0. ) BODY399_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Nutation precession angles for the Earth-Moon system: The linear coefficients have been scaled up from degrees/day to degrees/century, because the SPICELIB PCK reader expects these units. The original constants were: 125.045D0 -0.0529921D0 250.089D0 -0.1059842D0 260.008D0 13.0120009D0 176.625D0 13.3407154D0 357.529D0 0.9856003D0 311.589D0 26.4057084D0 134.963D0 13.0649930D0 276.617D0 0.3287146D0 34.226D0 1.7484877D0 15.134D0 -0.1589763D0 119.743D0 0.0036096D0 239.961D0 0.1643573D0 25.053D0 12.9590088D0 \begindata BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5364525000 250.089 -3871.0729050000 260.008 475263.3328725000 176.625 487269.6299850000 357.529 35999.0509575000 311.589 964468.4993100000 134.963 477198.8693250000 276.617 12006.3007650000 34.226 63863.5132425000 15.134 -5806.6093575000 119.743 131.8406400000 239.961 6003.1503825000 25.053 473327.7964200000 ) \begintext Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole: Old values: Values are from [11]. Note the year of publication was 1971. body399_mag_north_pole_lon = ( -69.761 ) body399_mag_north_pole_lat = ( 78.565 ) Current values: The north dipole location is time-varying. The values shown below, taken from [12], represent a discrete sampling of the north dipole location from 1945 to 2000. The terms DGRF and IGRF refer to, respectively, "Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field" and "International Geomagnetic Reference Field." See references [10], [12], and [13] for details. Coordinates are planetocentric. Data source Lat Lon ----------- ----- ------ DGRF 1945 78.47 291.47 DGRF 1950 78.47 291.15 DGRF 1955 78.46 290.84 DGRF 1960 78.51 290.53 DGRF 1965 78.53 290.15 DGRF 1970 78.59 289.82 DGRF 1975 78.69 289.53 DGRF 1980 78.81 289.24 DGRF 1985 78.97 289.10 DGRF 1990 79.13 288.89 IGRF 1995 79.30 288.59 IGRF 2000 79.54 288.43 Values are given for the epoch 2000 and are from the final row of the above table, which is from [12]. As shown by the table these values constitute a low-accuracy approximation for epochs not close to 2000. \begindata BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON = ( 288.43 ) BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT = ( 79.54 ) \begintext Mars Old values: Values shown are from the 1994 IAU report [4]. body499_pole_ra = ( 317.681 -0.108 0. ) body499_pole_dec = ( 52.886 -0.061 0. ) body499_pm = ( 176.901 350.8919830 0. ) Nutation precession angles are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Old lambda_a values were specified as POSITIVE WEST LONGITUDE. Reference [14] gave the value body499_long_axis = ( 110. ) and reference [15] gave the value body499_long_axis = ( 104.9194 ) Current values: \begindata BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.68143 -0.1061 0. ) BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( 52.88650 -0.0609 0. ) BODY499_PM = ( 176.630 350.89198226 0. ) \begintext Source [9] specifies the following value for the lambda_a term (BODY499_LONG_AXIS ) for Mars. This term is the POSITIVE EAST LONGITUDE, measured from the prime meridian, of the meridian containing the longest axis of the reference ellipsoid. (CAUTION: previous values were POSITIVE WEST.) body499_long_axis = ( 252. ) We list this lambda_a value for completeness. The IAU report [2] gives equal values for both equatorial radii, so the lambda_a offset does not apply to the IAU model. The 2000 IAU report defines M2, the second nutation precession angle, by: 2 192.93 + 1128.4096700 d + 8.864 T We truncate the M2 series to a linear expression, because the PCK software cannot handle the quadratic term. Again, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0: -0.4357640000000000 --> -15916.28010000000 1128.409670000000 --> 41215163.19675000 -1.8151000000000000E-02 --> -662.9652750000000 We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which is the pi/2-complement of the third angle. This angle is used in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos. See the discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation constants for Deimos. \begindata BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 169.51 -15916.2801 192.93 41215163.19675 53.47 -662.965275 36.53 662.965275 ) \begintext Jupiter Old values: body599_pole_ra = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) body599_pole_dec = ( +64.49 +0.003 0. ) body599_pm = ( 284.95 +870.5366420 0. ) body599_long_axis = ( 0. ) body5_nut_prec_angles = ( 73.32 +91472.9 24.62 +45137.2 283.90 +4850.7 355.80 +1191.3 119.90 +262.1 229.80 +64.3 352.25 +2382.6 113.35 +6070.0 146.64 +182945.8 49.24 +90274.4 ) Current values: The number of nutation precession angles is ten. The ninth and tenth are twice the first and second, respectively. \begindata BODY599_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY599_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) BODY599_PM = ( 284.95 870.5366420 0. ) BODY599_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 73.32 91472.9 24.62 45137.2 283.90 4850.7 355.80 1191.3 119.90 262.1 229.80 64.3 352.35 2382.6 113.35 6070.0 146.64 182945.8 49.24 90274.4 ) \begintext Saturn Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY699_POLE_RA = ( 40.589 -0.036 0. ) BODY699_POLE_DEC = ( 83.537 -0.004 0. ) BODY699_PM = ( 38.90 810.7939024 0. ) BODY699_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext The first seven angles given here are the angles S1 through S7 from the 2000 report; the eighth and ninth angles are 2*S1 and 2*S2, respectively. \begindata BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 353.32 75706.7 28.72 75706.7 177.40 -36505.5 300.00 -7225.9 316.45 506.2 345.20 -1016.3 29.80 -52.1 706.64 151413.4 57.44 151413.4 ) \begintext Uranus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY799_POLE_RA = ( 257.311 0. 0. ) BODY799_POLE_DEC = ( -15.175 0. 0. ) BODY799_PM = ( 203.81 -501.1600928 0. ) BODY799_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext The first 16 angles given here are the angles U1 through U16 from the 2000 report; the 17th and 18th angles are 2*U11 and 2*U12, respectively. \begindata BODY7_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 115.75 54991.87 141.69 41887.66 135.03 29927.35 61.77 25733.59 249.32 24471.46 43.86 22278.41 77.66 20289.42 157.36 16652.76 101.81 12872.63 138.64 8061.81 102.23 -2024.22 316.41 2863.96 304.01 -51.94 308.71 -93.17 340.82 -75.32 259.14 -504.81 204.46 -4048.44 632.82 5727.92 ) \begintext Neptune Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. However, the kernel variables used to store the values have changed. See note immediately below. Current values: The kernel variables BODY899_NUT_PREC_RA BODY899_NUT_PREC_DEC BODY899_NUT_PREC_PM are new in this PCK version (dated October 17, 2003). These variables capture trigonometric terms in the expressions for Neptune's pole direction and prime meridian location. Version N0057 of the SPICE Toolkit uses these variables; earlier versions can read them but ignore them when computing Neptune's orientation. \begindata BODY899_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY899_POLE_DEC = ( 43.46 0. 0. ) BODY899_PM = ( 253.18 536.3128492 0. ) BODY899_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY899_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY899_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY899_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext The 2000 report defines the nutation precession angles N, N1, N2, ... , N7 and also uses the multiples of N1 and N7 2*N1 and 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7 In this file, we treat the angles and their multiples as separate angles. In the kernel variable BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES the order of the angles is N, N1, N2, ... , N7, 2*N1, 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7 Each angle is defined by a linear polynomial, so two consecutive array elements are allocated for each angle. The first term of each pair is the constant term, the second is the linear term. \begindata BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 357.85 52.316 323.92 62606.6 220.51 55064.2 354.27 46564.5 75.31 26109.4 35.36 14325.4 142.61 2824.6 177.85 52.316 647.840 125213.200 355.700 104.632 533.550 156.948 711.400 209.264 889.250 261.580 1067.100 313.896 1244.950 366.212 1422.800 418.528 1600.650 470.844 ) \begintext Pluto Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY999_POLE_RA = ( 313.02 0. 0. ) BODY999_POLE_DEC = ( 9.09 0. 0. ) BODY999_PM = ( 236.77 -56.3623195 0. ) BODY999_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Orientation constants for the satellites -------------------------------------------------------- Satellites of Earth Old values: Values are from the 1988 IAU report. body301_pole_ra = ( 270.000 0. 0. ) body301_pole_dec = ( 66.534 0. 0. ) body301_pm = ( 38.314 13.1763581 0. ) body301_long_axis = ( 0. ) body301_nut_prec_ra = ( -3.878 -0.120 0.070 -0.017 0. ) body301_nut_prec_dec = ( 1.543 0.024 -0.028 0.007 0. ) body301_nut_prec_pm = ( 3.558 0.121 -0.064 0.016 0.025 ) BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. ) BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. ) BODY301_PM = ( 38.3213 13.17635815 -1.4D-12 ) BODY301_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 0.0700 -0.0172 0. 0.0072 0. 0. 0. -0.0052 0. 0. 0.0043 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 0.0068 0. -0.0029 0.0009 0. 0. 0.0008 0. 0. -0.0009 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.5610 0.1208 -0.0642 0.0158 0.0252 -0.0066 -0.0047 -0.0046 0.0028 0.0052 0.0040 0.0019 -0.0044 ) New values: \begindata BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. ) BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. ) BODY301_PM = ( 38.3213 13.17635815 -1.4D-12 ) BODY301_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 0.0700 -0.0172 0.0 0.0072 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0052 0.0 0.0 0.0043 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 0.0068 0.0 -0.0029 0.0009 0.0 0.0 0.0008 0.0 0.0 -0.0009 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.5610 0.1208 -0.0642 0.0158 0.0252 -0.0066 -0.0047 -0.0046 0.0028 0.0052 0.0040 0.0019 -0.0044 ) \begintext Satellites of Mars Phobos Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: 8.864000000000000 ---> 6.6443009930565219E-09 \begindata BODY401_POLE_RA = ( 317.68 -0.108 0. ) BODY401_POLE_DEC = ( 52.90 -0.061 0. ) BODY401_PM = ( 35.06 1128.8445850 6.6443009930565219E-09 ) BODY401_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 1.79 0. 0. 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -1.08 0. 0. 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -1.42 -0.78 0. 0. ) \begintext Deimos Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. New values: The Deimos prime meridian expression is: 2 W = 79.41 + 285.1618970 d - 0.520 T - 2.58 sin M 3 + 0.19 cos M . 3 At the present time, the PCK kernel software (the routine BODEUL in particular) cannot handle the cosine term directly, but we can represent it as 0.19 sin M 4 where M = 90.D0 - M 4 3 Therefore, the nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three. The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: -0.5200000000000000 ---> -3.8978300049519307E-10 \begindata BODY402_POLE_RA = ( 316.65 -0.108 0. ) BODY402_POLE_DEC = ( 53.52 -0.061 0. ) BODY402_PM = ( 79.41 285.1618970 -3.897830D-10 ) BODY402_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 2.98 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.78 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -2.58 0.19 ) \begintext Satellites of Jupiter Io Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY501_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY501_POLE_DEC = ( 64.50 0.003 0. ) BODY501_PM = ( 200.39 203.4889538 0. ) BODY501_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0.094 0.024 ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0.040 0.011 ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.085 -0.022 ) \begintext Europa Old values: body502_pole_ra = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. ) body502_pole_dec = ( 64.51 0.003 0. ) body502_pm = ( 35.67 101.3747235 0. ) body502_long_axis = ( 0. ) body502_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. 1.086 0.060 0.015 0.009 ) body502_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.468 0.026 0.007 0.002 ) body502_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 ) Current values: \begindata BODY502_POLE_RA = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. ) BODY502_POLE_DEC = ( 64.51 0.003 0. ) BODY502_PM = ( 36.022 101.3747235 0. ) BODY502_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 1.086 0.060 0.015 0.009 ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.468 0.026 0.007 0.002 ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 ) \begintext Ganymede Old values: body503_pole_ra = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. ) body503_pole_dec = ( +64.57 +0.003 0. ) body503_pm = ( 44.04 +50.3176081 0. ) body503_long_axis = ( 0. ) body503_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 +0.431 +0.091 ) body503_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 +0.186 +0.039 ) body503_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.033 -0.389 -0.082 ) Current values: \begindata BODY503_POLE_RA = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. ) BODY503_POLE_DEC = ( 64.57 0.003 0. ) BODY503_PM = ( 44.064 50.3176081 0. ) BODY503_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 0.431 0.091 ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 0.186 0.039 ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.033 -0.389 -0.082 ) \begintext Callisto Old values: body504_pole_ra = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. ) body504_pole_dec = ( +64.83 +0.003 0. ) body504_pm = ( 259.73 +21.5710715 0. ) body504_long_axis = ( 0. ) body504_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590 0. +0.010 ) body504_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254 0. -0.004 ) body504_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 ) Current values: \begindata BODY504_POLE_RA = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. ) BODY504_POLE_DEC = ( 64.83 0.003 0. ) BODY504_PM = ( 259.51 21.5710715 0. ) BODY504_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 0.590 0. 0.010 ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 0.254 0. -0.004 ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 ) \begintext Amalthea Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY505_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY505_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) BODY505_PM = ( 231.67 722.6314560 0. ) BODY505_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY505_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.84 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.01 0. ) BODY505_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.36 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY505_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0.76 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. ) \begintext Thebe Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY514_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY514_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) BODY514_PM = ( 8.56 533.7004100 0. ) BODY514_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY514_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -2.11 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04 ) BODY514_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.01 ) BODY514_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 1.91 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 ) \begintext Adrastea Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY515_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY515_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) BODY515_PM = ( 33.29 1206.9986602 0. ) BODY515_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Metis Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY516_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY516_POLE_DEC = ( 64.49 0.003 0. ) BODY516_PM = ( 346.09 1221.2547301 0. ) BODY516_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Satellites of Saturn Mimas Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY601_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY601_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY601_PM = ( 337.46 381.9945550 0. ) BODY601_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 13.56 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.53 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -13.48 0. -44.85 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Enceladus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY602_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY602_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY602_PM = ( 2.82 262.7318996 0. ) BODY602_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Tethys Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY603_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY603_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY603_PM = ( 10.45 190.6979085 0. ) BODY603_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 9.66 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -1.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -9.60 2.23 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Dione Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY604_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY604_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY604_PM = ( 357.00 131.5349316 0. ) BODY604_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Rhea Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY605_POLE_RA = ( 40.38 -0.036 0. ) BODY605_POLE_DEC = ( 83.55 -0.004 0. ) BODY605_PM = ( 235.16 79.6900478 0. ) BODY605_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3.10 0. 0. 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.35 0. 0. 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -3.08 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Titan Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY606_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. ) BODY606_POLE_DEC = ( 83.94 -0.004 0. ) BODY606_PM = ( 189.64 22.5769768 0. ) BODY606_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2.66 0. 0 ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.30 0. 0 ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.64 0. 0 ) \begintext Hyperion The IAU report does not give an orientation model for Hyperion. Hyperion's rotation is in chaotic and is not predictable for long periods. Iapetus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY608_POLE_RA = ( 318.16 -3.949 0. ) BODY608_POLE_DEC = ( 75.03 -1.143 0. ) BODY608_PM = ( 350.20 4.5379572 0. ) BODY608_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Phoebe Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY609_POLE_RA = ( 355.00 0. 0. ) BODY609_POLE_DEC = ( 68.70 0. 0. ) BODY609_PM = ( 304.70 930.8338720 0. ) BODY609_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Janus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY610_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY610_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY610_PM = ( 58.83 518.2359876 0. ) BODY610_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -1.623 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.023 ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.183 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.001 ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 1.613 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 ) \begintext Epimetheus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY611_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY611_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY611_PM = ( 293.87 518.4907239 0. ) BODY611_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.153 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.086 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.356 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.005 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.133 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.086 0. ) \begintext Helene Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY612_POLE_RA = ( 40.85 -0.036 0. ) BODY612_POLE_DEC = ( 83.34 -0.004 0. ) BODY612_PM = ( 245.12 131.6174056 0. ) BODY612_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Telesto Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY613_POLE_RA = ( 50.51 -0.036 0. ) BODY613_POLE_DEC = ( 84.06 -0.004 0. ) BODY613_PM = ( 56.88 190.6979332 0. ) BODY613_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Calypso Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY614_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. ) BODY614_POLE_DEC = ( 85.04 -0.004 0. ) BODY614_PM = ( 153.51 190.6742373 0. ) BODY614_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Atlas Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY615_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY615_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) BODY615_PM = ( 137.88 598.3060000 0. ) BODY615_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Prometheus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY616_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 ) BODY616_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 ) BODY616_PM = ( 296.14 587.289000 ) BODY616_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Pandora Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY617_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY617_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) BODY617_PM = ( 162.92 572.7891000 0. ) BODY617_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Pan Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY618_POLE_RA = ( 40.6 -0.036 0. ) BODY618_POLE_DEC = ( 83.5 -0.004 0. ) BODY618_PM = ( 48.8 626.0440000 0. ) BODY618_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Satellites of Uranus Ariel Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY701_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) BODY701_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) BODY701_PM = ( 156.22 -142.8356681 0. ) BODY701_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY701_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.29 ) BODY701_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.28 ) BODY701_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.05 0.08 ) \begintext Umbriel Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY702_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) BODY702_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) BODY702_PM = ( 108.05 -86.8688923 0. ) BODY702_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY702_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.21 ) BODY702_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.20 ) BODY702_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0. 0.06 ) \begintext Titania Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY703_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) BODY703_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) BODY703_PM = ( 77.74 -41.3514316 0. ) BODY703_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY703_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.29 ) BODY703_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.28 ) BODY703_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.08 ) \begintext Oberon Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY704_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) BODY704_POLE_DEC = ( -15.10 0. 0. ) BODY704_PM = ( 6.77 -26.7394932 0. ) BODY704_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY704_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 ) BODY704_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 ) BODY704_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04 ) \begintext Miranda Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY705_POLE_RA = ( 257.43 0. 0. ) BODY705_POLE_DEC = ( -15.08 0. 0. ) BODY705_PM = ( 30.70 -254.6906892 0. ) BODY705_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY705_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4.41 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 0. ) BODY705_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4.25 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.02 0. ) BODY705_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1.15 -1.27 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0.15 ) \begintext Cordelia Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY706_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY706_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY706_PM = ( 127.69 -1074.5205730 0. ) BODY706_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY706_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -0.15 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY706_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0.14 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY706_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Ophelia Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY707_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY707_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY707_PM = ( 130.35 -956.4068150 0. ) BODY707_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY707_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY707_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY707_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. -0.03 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Bianca Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY708_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY708_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY708_PM = ( 105.46 -828.3914760 0. ) BODY708_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY708_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. -0.16 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY708_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0.16 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY708_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Cressida Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY709_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY709_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY709_PM = ( 59.16 -776.5816320 0. ) BODY709_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY709_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY709_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY709_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Desdemona Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY710_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY710_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY710_PM = ( 95.08 -760.0531690 0. ) BODY710_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY710_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.17 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY710_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.16 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY710_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Juliet Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY711_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY711_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY711_PM = ( 302.56 -730.1253660 0. ) BODY711_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY711_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.06 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY711_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.06 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY711_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.02 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Portia Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY712_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY712_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY712_PM = ( 25.03 -701.4865870 0. ) BODY712_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY712_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY712_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY712_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.02 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Rosalind Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY713_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY713_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY713_PM = ( 314.90 -644.6311260 0. ) BODY713_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY713_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.29 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY713_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.28 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY713_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.08 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Belinda Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY714_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY714_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY714_PM = ( 297.46 -577.3628170 0. ) BODY714_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY714_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.03 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY714_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.03 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY714_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.01 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Puck Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY715_POLE_RA = ( 257.31 0. 0. ) BODY715_POLE_DEC = ( -15.18 0. 0. ) BODY715_PM = ( 91.24 -472.5450690 0. ) BODY715_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY715_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.33 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY715_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.31 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY715_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Satellites of Neptune Triton Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY801_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY801_POLE_DEC = ( 41.17 0. 0. ) BODY801_PM = ( 296.53 -61.2572637 0. ) BODY801_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY801_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -32.35 0. -6.28 -2.08 -0.74 -0.28 -0.11 -0.07 -0.02 -0.01 ) BODY801_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22.55 0. 2.10 0.55 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.01 0. 0. ) BODY801_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22.25 0. 6.73 2.05 0.74 0.28 0.11 0.05 0.02 0.01 ) \begintext Nereid Old values: Values are from the 1988 IAU report. Note that this rotation model pre-dated the 1989 Voyager 2 Neptune encounter. body802_pole_ra = ( 273.48 0. 0. ) body802_pole_dec = ( 67.22 0. 0. ) body802_pm = ( 237.22 0.9996465 0. ) body802_long_axis = ( 0. ) The report seems to have a typo: in the nut_prec_ra expression, where the report gives -0.51 sin 3N3, we use -0.51 3N2. body802_nut_prec_ra = ( 0. -17.81 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2.56 -0.51 0.11 -0.03 ) body802_nut_prec_dec = ( 0. -6.67 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.47 -0.07 0.01 ) body802_nut_prec_pm = ( 0. 16.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.57 0.51 -0.11 0.02 ) Current values: The 2000 report [2] states that values for Nereid are not given because Nereid is not in synchronous rotation with Neptune (note (j), p.99). Naiad Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY803_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY803_POLE_DEC = ( 43.36 0. 0. ) BODY803_PM = ( 254.06 +1222.8441209 0. ) BODY803_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY803_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 -6.49 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.25 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY803_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 -4.75 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY803_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 4.40 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.27 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Thalassa Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY804_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY804_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. ) BODY804_PM = ( 102.06 1155.7555612 0. ) BODY804_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY804_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. -0.28 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY804_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. -0.21 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY804_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0.19 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Despina Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY805_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY805_POLE_DEC = ( 43.45 0. 0. ) BODY805_PM = ( 306.51 +1075.7341562 0. ) BODY805_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY805_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. -0.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY805_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. -0.07 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY805_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.49 0. 0. 0.06 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Galatea Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY806_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY806_POLE_DEC = ( 43.43 0. 0. ) BODY806_PM = ( 258.09 839.6597686 0. ) BODY806_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY806_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. -0.07 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY806_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. -0.05 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY806_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0.05 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Larissa Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY807_POLE_RA = ( 299.36 0. 0. ) BODY807_POLE_DEC = ( 43.41 0. 0. ) BODY807_PM = ( 179.41 +649.0534470 0. ) BODY807_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY807_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.27 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY807_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.20 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY807_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.19 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Proteus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY808_POLE_RA = ( 299.27 0. 0. ) BODY808_POLE_DEC = ( 42.91 0. 0. ) BODY808_PM = ( 93.38 +320.7654228 0. ) BODY808_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY808_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.05 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY808_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY808_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext Satellites of Pluto Charon Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY901_POLE_RA = ( 313.02 0. 0. ) BODY901_POLE_DEC = ( 9.09 0. 0. ) BODY901_PM = ( 56.77 -56.3623195 0. ) BODY901_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Orientation constants for Asteroids Gaspra, Ida, Vesta, and Eros -------------------------------------------------------- Gaspra Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY9511010_POLE_RA = ( 9.47 0. 0. ) BODY9511010_POLE_DEC = ( 26.70 0. 0. ) BODY9511010_PM = ( 83.67 1226.9114850 0. ) BODY9511010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Ida Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY2431010_POLE_RA = ( 348.76 0. 0. ) BODY2431010_POLE_DEC = ( 87.12 0. 0. ) BODY2431010_PM = ( 265.95 -1864.6280070 0. ) BODY2431010_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Vesta Current values: \begindata BODY2000004_POLE_RA = ( 301. 0. 0. ) BODY2000004_POLE_DEC = ( 41. 0. 0. ) BODY2000004_PM = ( 292. 1617.332776 0. ) BODY2000004_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Eros Current values: \begindata BODY2000433_POLE_RA = ( 11.35 0. 0. ) BODY2000433_POLE_DEC = ( 17.22 0. 0. ) BODY2000433_PM = ( 326.07 1639.38864745 0. ) BODY2000433_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Radii of Sun and Planets -------------------------------------------------------- Sun Value for the Sun is from the [7], page K7. \begindata BODY10_RADII = ( 696000. 696000. 696000. ) \begintext Mercury Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY199_RADII = ( 2439.7 2439.7 2439.7 ) \begintext Venus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY299_RADII = ( 6051.8 6051.8 6051.8 ) \begintext Earth Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 ) \begintext Mars Old values: body499_radii = ( 3397. 3397. 3375. ) Current values: The IAU report gives separate values for the north and south polar radii: north: 3373.19 south: 3379.21 We use the average of these values as the polar radius for the triaxial model. \begindata BODY499_RADII = ( 3396.19 3396.19 3376.20 ) \begintext Jupiter Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY599_RADII = ( 71492 71492 66854 ) \begintext Saturn Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY699_RADII = ( 60268 60268 54364 ) \begintext Uranus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY799_RADII = ( 25559 25559 24973 ) \begintext Neptune Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: (Values are for the 1 bar pressure level.) \begindata BODY899_RADII = ( 24764 24764 24341 ) \begintext Pluto Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY999_RADII = ( 1195 1195 1195 ) \begintext Radii of Satellites -------------------------------------------------------- Moon Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY301_RADII = ( 1737.4 1737.4 1737.4 ) \begintext Satellites of Mars Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY401_RADII = ( 13.4 11.2 9.2 ) BODY402_RADII = ( 7.5 6.1 5.2 ) \begintext Satellites of Jupiter Old values: Old values for Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Amalthea. These are from the 1997 IAU report. body501_radii = ( 1826. 1815. 1812. ) body502_radii = ( 1562. 1560. 1559. ) body503_radii = ( 2635. 2633. 2633. ) body504_radii = ( 2409. 2409. 2409. ) body505_radii = ( 131. 73. 67. ) body506_radii = ( 85 85 85 ) body507_radii = ( 40 40 40 ) body508_radii = ( 18 18 18 ) body509_radii = ( 14 14 14 ) body510_radii = ( 12 12 12 ) body511_radii = ( 15 15 15 ) body512_radii = ( 10 10 10 ) body513_radii = ( 5 5 5 ) body514_radii = ( 50 50 50 ) body515_radii = ( 13 10 8 ) body516_radii = ( 20 20 20 ) Current values: \begindata BODY501_RADII = ( 1829.4 1819.3 1815.7 ) BODY502_RADII = ( 1564.13 1561.23 1560.93 ) BODY503_RADII = ( 2632.4 2632.29 2632.35 ) BODY504_RADII = ( 2409.4 2409.2 2409.3 ) BODY505_RADII = ( 125 73 64 ) \begintext Only mean radii are available in the 2000 IAU report for bodies 506-513. \begindata BODY506_RADII = ( 85 85 85 ) BODY507_RADII = ( 40 40 40 ) BODY508_RADII = ( 18 18 18 ) BODY509_RADII = ( 14 14 14 ) BODY510_RADII = ( 12 12 12 ) BODY511_RADII = ( 15 15 15 ) BODY512_RADII = ( 10 10 10 ) BODY513_RADII = ( 5 5 5 ) BODY514_RADII = ( 58 49 42 ) BODY515_RADII = ( 10 8 7 ) \begintext The value for the second radius for body 516 is not given in 2000 IAU report. The values given are: BODY516_RADII = ( 30 --- 20 ) For use within the SPICE system, we use only the mean radius. \begindata BODY516_RADII = ( 21.5 21.5 21.5 ) \begintext Satellites of Saturn Old values: body601_radii = ( 210.3 197.4 192.6 ) body602_radii = ( 256.2 247.3 244.0 ) body603_radii = ( 535.6 528.2 525.8 ) body604_radii = ( 560. 560. 560. ) body605_radii = ( 764. 764. 764. ) body606_radii = ( 2575. 2575. 2575. ) body607_radii = ( 180. 140. 112.5 ) body608_radii = ( 718. 718. 718. ) body609_radii = ( 115. 110. 105. ) body610_radii = ( 97. 95. 77. ) body611_radii = ( 69. 55. 55. ) body612_radii = ( 16 16 16 ) body613_radii = ( 15 12.5 7.5 ) body614_radii = ( 15 8 8 ) body615_radii = ( 18.5 17.2 13.5 ) body616_radii = ( 74 50 34 ) body617_radii = ( 55 44 31 ) body618_radii = ( 10 10 10 ) Current values: \begindata BODY601_RADII = ( 209.1 196.2 191.4 ) BODY602_RADII = ( 256.3 247.3 244.6 ) BODY603_RADII = ( 535.6 528.2 525.8 ) BODY604_RADII = ( 560 560 560 ) BODY605_RADII = ( 764 764 764 ) BODY606_RADII = ( 2575 2575 2575 ) BODY607_RADII = ( 164 130 107 ) BODY608_RADII = ( 718 718 718 ) BODY609_RADII = ( 115 110 105 ) BODY610_RADII = ( 97.0 95.0 77.0 ) BODY611_RADII = ( 69.0 55.0 55.0 ) \begintext Only the first equatorial radius for Helene (body 612) is given in the 2000 IAU report: BODY612_RADII = ( 17.5 --- --- ) The mean radius is 16km; we use this radius for all three axes, as we do for the satellites for which only the mean radius is available. \begindata BODY612_RADII = ( 16 16 16 ) BODY613_RADII = ( 15 12.5 7.5 ) BODY614_RADII = ( 15.0 8.0 8.0 ) BODY615_RADII = ( 18.5 17.2 13.5 ) BODY616_RADII = ( 74.0 50.0 34.0 ) BODY617_RADII = ( 55.0 44.0 31.0 ) \begintext For Pan, only a mean radius is given in the 2000 report. \begindata BODY618_RADII = ( 10 10 10 ) \begintext Satellites of Uranus Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY701_RADII = ( 581.1 577.9 577.7 ) BODY702_RADII = ( 584.7 584.7 584.7 ) BODY703_RADII = ( 788.9 788.9 788.9 ) BODY704_RADII = ( 761.4 761.4 761.4 ) BODY705_RADII = ( 240.4 234.2 232.9 ) \begintext The 2000 report gives only mean radii for satellites 706--715. \begindata BODY706_RADII = ( 13 13 13 ) BODY707_RADII = ( 15 15 15 ) BODY708_RADII = ( 21 21 21 ) BODY709_RADII = ( 31 31 31 ) BODY710_RADII = ( 27 27 27 ) BODY711_RADII = ( 42 42 42 ) BODY712_RADII = ( 54 54 54 ) BODY713_RADII = ( 27 27 27 ) BODY714_RADII = ( 33 33 33 ) BODY715_RADII = ( 77 77 77 ) \begintext Satellites of Neptune Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: The 2000 report gives mean radii only for bodies 801-806. \begindata BODY801_RADII = ( 1352.6 1352.6 1352.6 ) BODY802_RADII = ( 170 170 170 ) BODY803_RADII = ( 29 29 29 ) BODY804_RADII = ( 40 40 40 ) BODY805_RADII = ( 74 74 74 ) BODY806_RADII = ( 79 79 79 ) \begintext The second equatorial radius for Larissa is not given in the 2000 report. The available values are: BODY807_RADII = ( 104 --- 89 ) For use within the SPICE system, we use only the mean radius. \begindata BODY807_RADII = ( 96 96 96 ) BODY808_RADII = ( 218 208 201 ) \begintext Satellites of Pluto Old values: Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. Current values: \begindata BODY901_RADII = ( 593 593 593 ) \begintext Radii of Selected Asteroids -------------------------------------------------------- Gaspra Current values: \begindata BODY9511010_RADII = ( 9.1 5.2 4.4 ) \begintext Ida Current values: \begindata BODY2431010_RADII = ( 26.8 12.0 7.6 ) \begintext Kleopatra Current values: \begindata BODY2000216_RADII = ( 108.5 47 40.5 ) \begintext Eros Current values: \begindata BODY2000433_RADII = ( 7.311 7.311 7.311 ) \begintext =========================================================================== End of file pck00008.tpc ===========================================================================
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